Klinik Araştırma
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Kişilerarası Sorunların Yordayıcıları Olarak Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları, Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 129 - 139, 27.06.2023

Öz

Bu çalışma sağlıklı popülasyonda yer alan yetişkin bireylerde kişilerarası sorunların yordayıcılığında çocukluk çağı travmaları, duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ve psikolojik sağlamlığın araştırılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. 18-60 yaş arasında, 313 kadın ve 110 erkek olmak üzere toplam 423 katılımcının oluşturuduğu örneklem grubunun verileri Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları Ölçeği (ÇÇTÖ-33), Kişilerarası Problemler Envanteri (KPE), Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Ölçeği- Kısa Form (DDGÖ-16), Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği (KPSÖ) ve Sosyodemografik Veri Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Değişkenlerin yordayıcılığı çoklu regresyon ve basit regresyon analizleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre kişilerarası sorunların yordayıcılığında çocukluk çağı travmaları varyansın %20.9’unu, duygu düzenleme güçlüğü varyansın %39’unu ve psikolojik sağlamlık varyansın %01.0’nı açıklamaktadır. Kişilerararsı sorunların yordayıcılığında çocukluk çağı travmaları sırası ile duygusal istismar, duygusal ihmal, cinsel istismar, fiziksel ihmal; duygu düzenleme güçlüğü alt boyutları ise sırasıyla açıklık, kabul etmeme, stratejiler şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Araştırmanın bulguları klinik çalışmalarda terapötik sürece ek olarak sağlıklı popülasyonda yürütülecek psikoeğitimlere ve sağlık politikalarına katkı sunacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Akyunus, M., Gençöz, T. (2016). Kişilerarası problemler envanteri-döngüsel ölçekleri kısa formu psikometrik özellikleri: bir güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 29:36-48 DOI: 10.5350/DAJPN2016290104
  • Alden, L. E., Wiggins, J. S., & Pincus, A. L. (1990). Construction of Circumplex Scales for the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3–4), 521–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674088
  • Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, Trauma, and Human Resilience Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20 Booth, J. W., & Neill, J. T. (2017). Coping strategies and the development of psychological resilience. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 20(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03401002
  • Christ, C., de Waal, M. M., Dekker, J. J. M., van Kuijk, I., van Schaik, D. J. F., Kikkert, M. J., … Messman-Moore, T. L. (2019). Linking childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms: The role of emotion dysregulation and interpersonal problems. PLOS ONE, 14(2), e0211882. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211882
  • Cicchetti, D., & Garmezy, N. (1993). Prospects and promises in the study of resilience. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 497–502. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006118
  • D’Agostino, A., Covanti, S., Rossi Monti, M., & Starcevic, V. (2017). Reconsidering Emotion Dysregulation. Psychiatric Quarterly, 88(4), 807–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11126-017-9499-6 Doğan, T (2015). Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık ölçeği’nin türkçe uyarlaması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Dvir, Y., Ford, J. D., Hill, M., & Frazier, J. A. (2014). Childhood maltreatment, emotional dysregulation, and psychiatric comorbidities. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 22(3), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000014
  • Euler, S., Nolte, T., Constantinou, M., Griem, J., Read Montague, P., & Fonagy, P. (2019). ınterpersonal problems ın borderlıne personalıty dısorder: assocıatıons wıth mentalızıng, emotıon regulatıon, and ımpulsıveness. In Journal of Personality Disorders,35(2):177-193. doi: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_427.
  • Finzi-Dottan, R., & Karu, T. (2006). From emotional abuse in childhood to psychopathology in adulthood: A path mediated by immature defense mechanisms and self-esteem. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(8), 616–621. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000230654.49933.23 Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory. European Psychologist,18, 1. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000124
  • Gadassi, R., & Rafaeli, E. (2015). Interpersonal perception as a mediator of the depression-interpersonal difficulties link: A review. PAID, 87, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.023
  • Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004a). Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
  • Halilova, J. G., Struthers, C. W., Guilfoyle, J. R., Shoikhedbrod, A., Van Monsjou, E., & George, M. (2020). Does resilience help sustain relationships in the face of interpersonal transgressions? Personality and Individual Differences, 160, 109928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109928
  • Hammen, C. (2006). Stress generation in depression: Reflections on origins, research, and future directions. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(9), 1065–1082. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20293
  • Herr, N. R., Rosenthal, M. Z., Geiger, P. J., & Erikson, K. (2013). Difficulties with emotion regulation mediate the relationship between borderline personality disorder symptom severity and interpersonal problems. Personality and Mental Health, 7(3), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1204
  • Hughes, M., & Cossar, J. (2016). The Relationship between Maternal Childhood Emotional Abuse/Neglect and Parenting Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Child Abuse Review, 25(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2393
  • Huh Hyu J., Kim, S. Y., Yu, J. J., & Chae, J. H. (2014). Childhood trauma and adult interpersonal relationship problems in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Annals of General Psychiatry, 13(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-014-0026-y
  • Janovsky, T., Rock, A. J., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & Clark, G. (2020). The Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Interpersonal Problems: A Meta-analytic Review. Clinical Psycchology & Psychoterapy. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2439
  • Keating, L., Muller, R. T., & Classen, C. C. (2018). Changes in attachment organization, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal problems among women in treatment for abuse. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 19(2), 247–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2017.1331946
  • Lee, T., Wu, Y., Chao, E., … C. C.-J. of A., & 2020, undefined. (n.d.). Resilience as a mediator of interpersonal relationships and depressive symptoms amongst 10th to 12th grade students. Elsevier. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032720327282
  • Lakey, B., & Cronin, A. (2008). Low Social Support and Major Depression. Research, Theory and Methodological Issues. In Risk Factors in Depression (pp. 385–408). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-045078-0.00017-4
  • Lakey, B., Vander Molen, R. J., Fles, E., & Andrews, J. (2016). Ordinary Social Interaction and the Main Effect Between Perceived Support and Affect. Journal of Personality, 84(5), 671–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12190
  • Leising, D., & Zimmermann, J. (2011). An Integrative Conceptual Framework for Assessing Personality and Personality Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025070
  • Leising, D., Krause, S., Köhler, D., Hinsen, K., & Clifton, A. (2011). Assessing interpersonal functioning: Views from within and without. Journal of Research in Personality, 45(6), 631–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.08.011
  • Masten, A. S. (2018, March 1). Resilience Theory and Research on Children and Families: Past, Present, and Promise. Journal of Family Theory and Review, Vol. 10, pp. 12–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12255
  • Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2016). Resilience in Development: Progress and Transformation. In Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 1–63). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy406
  • McMain, S. F., Guimond, T., Streiner, D. L., Cardish, R. J., & Links, P. S. (2012). Dialectical behavior therapy compared with general psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder: Clinical outcomes and functioning over a 2-year follow-up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(6), 650–661. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11091416
  • Moormann, P. P., Albach, F., Bermond, B., Dijke, A. van, Jong, J. de, Wineke, J., … Karanafti, A. (2012). Gender Differences in the Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Alexithymia, Dissociation and Self. Sexual Abuse - Breaking the Silence. https://doi.org/10.5772/26047
  • Ochsner, K. N., Bunge, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2002). Rethinking feelings: An fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(8), 1215–1229.https://doi.org/10.1162/089892902760807212
  • Poole, J. C., & Dobson, K. (2018). Do adverse childhood experiences predict adult interpersonal difficulties? The role of emotion dysregulation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.006
  • Poole, J. C., Dobson, K., Dobson, K. S., & Pusch, D. (2017). Anxiety among adults with a history of childhood adversity: Psychological resilience moderates the indirect effect of emotion dysregulation. J Affect Disord, 1;217:144-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.047
  • Reviere, S. L., & Bakeman, R. (2001). The Effects of Early Trauma on Autobiographical Memory and Schematic Self-Representation. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15(7 SPEC. ISS.). https://doi.org/10.1002/ACP.836
  • Shin, K. E., & Newman, M. G. (2019). Self- and other-perceptions of interpersonal problems: Effects of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 65, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.04.005
  • Southwick, S. M., Pietrzak, R. H., Tsai, J., Krystal, J. H., & Charney, D. (n.d.). Resilience: An Update. Retrieved from www.ptsd.va.gov
  • Şar, V., Necef, I., Mutluer, T., Parmis, F. & Kurtça, T. (2021). A revised and expanded version of The Turkish Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33): Overprotection-overcontrol as additional factor. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 22(1), 35 51. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2020.1760171
  • Tottenham, N. (2012, August 1). Risk and developmental heterogeneity in previously institutionalized Children. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51, 29–S33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.04.004
  • Wendt, L. P., Wright, A. G. C., Pilkonis, P. A., Nolte, T., Fonagy, P., Montague, P. R., … Zimmermann, J. (2019). The latent structure of interpersonal problems: Validity of dimensional, categorical, and hybrid models. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(8), 823–839. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000460
  • Wills T. A., & Bantum, C. (2012). SociAl SuPPoRt, Self-RegulAtion, And ReSilience in tWo PoPulAtionS: geneRAl-PoPulAtion AdoleScentS And Adult cAnceR SuRvivoRS. In Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31,6, https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2012.31.6.568
  • Wright, M. O., & Masten, A. S. (2007). Resilience Processes in Development. In Handbook of Resilience in Children (pp. 17–37). https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48572-9_2
  • Yiğit, İ., Yiğit, M.G. (2019).Psychometric properties of Turkish version of difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16). Current Psychology, 38, 1503–1511, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9712-7
  • Zhao, Y., Lee, Y. T., & Chen, L. (2020). Cumulative interpersonal relationship risk and resilience models for bullying victimization and depression in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109706. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2019.109706

Childhood Traumas, Emotional Differences and Resilience as Predictives of Interpersonal Problems

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 129 - 139, 27.06.2023

Öz

This study was carried out to investigate childhood traumas, difficulty in emotion regulation and psychological resilience in the predictors of interpersonal problems in adult individuals in the healthy population. The data of the sample group consisting of a total of 423 participants, 313 women and 110 men, between the ages of 18-60, were included in the Childhood Traumas Scale (CTS-33), Interpersonal Problems Inventory (IPI), Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale-Short Form (ERDS-16), It was collected using the Short Psychological Resilience Scale (SPRS) and the Sociodemographic Data Form. The predictors of the variables were made using multiple regression and simple regression analysis. According to the results of the analysis, childhood traumas explained 20.9% of the variance, difficulty in emotion regulation explained 39% of the variance, and resilience 01.0% of the variance in the predictor of interpersonal problems. In the predictor of interpersonal problems, childhood traumas were emotional abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, and physical neglect, respectively; The sub-dimensions of difficulty in emotion regulation are listed as openness, refusal, and strategies, respectively. The findings of the study will contribute to the psychoeducation and health policies to be carried out in the healthy population in addition to the therapeutic process in clinical studies.

Kaynakça

  • Akyunus, M., Gençöz, T. (2016). Kişilerarası problemler envanteri-döngüsel ölçekleri kısa formu psikometrik özellikleri: bir güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 29:36-48 DOI: 10.5350/DAJPN2016290104
  • Alden, L. E., Wiggins, J. S., & Pincus, A. L. (1990). Construction of Circumplex Scales for the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3–4), 521–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1990.9674088
  • Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, Trauma, and Human Resilience Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20 Booth, J. W., & Neill, J. T. (2017). Coping strategies and the development of psychological resilience. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 20(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03401002
  • Christ, C., de Waal, M. M., Dekker, J. J. M., van Kuijk, I., van Schaik, D. J. F., Kikkert, M. J., … Messman-Moore, T. L. (2019). Linking childhood emotional abuse and depressive symptoms: The role of emotion dysregulation and interpersonal problems. PLOS ONE, 14(2), e0211882. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211882
  • Cicchetti, D., & Garmezy, N. (1993). Prospects and promises in the study of resilience. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 497–502. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006118
  • D’Agostino, A., Covanti, S., Rossi Monti, M., & Starcevic, V. (2017). Reconsidering Emotion Dysregulation. Psychiatric Quarterly, 88(4), 807–825. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11126-017-9499-6 Doğan, T (2015). Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık ölçeği’nin türkçe uyarlaması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
  • Dvir, Y., Ford, J. D., Hill, M., & Frazier, J. A. (2014). Childhood maltreatment, emotional dysregulation, and psychiatric comorbidities. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 22(3), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000014
  • Euler, S., Nolte, T., Constantinou, M., Griem, J., Read Montague, P., & Fonagy, P. (2019). ınterpersonal problems ın borderlıne personalıty dısorder: assocıatıons wıth mentalızıng, emotıon regulatıon, and ımpulsıveness. In Journal of Personality Disorders,35(2):177-193. doi: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_427.
  • Finzi-Dottan, R., & Karu, T. (2006). From emotional abuse in childhood to psychopathology in adulthood: A path mediated by immature defense mechanisms and self-esteem. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(8), 616–621. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000230654.49933.23 Fletcher, D., & Sarkar, M. (2013). Psychological resilience: A review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory. European Psychologist,18, 1. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000124
  • Gadassi, R., & Rafaeli, E. (2015). Interpersonal perception as a mediator of the depression-interpersonal difficulties link: A review. PAID, 87, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.023
  • Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004a). Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
  • Halilova, J. G., Struthers, C. W., Guilfoyle, J. R., Shoikhedbrod, A., Van Monsjou, E., & George, M. (2020). Does resilience help sustain relationships in the face of interpersonal transgressions? Personality and Individual Differences, 160, 109928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109928
  • Hammen, C. (2006). Stress generation in depression: Reflections on origins, research, and future directions. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(9), 1065–1082. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20293
  • Herr, N. R., Rosenthal, M. Z., Geiger, P. J., & Erikson, K. (2013). Difficulties with emotion regulation mediate the relationship between borderline personality disorder symptom severity and interpersonal problems. Personality and Mental Health, 7(3), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1204
  • Hughes, M., & Cossar, J. (2016). The Relationship between Maternal Childhood Emotional Abuse/Neglect and Parenting Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Child Abuse Review, 25(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2393
  • Huh Hyu J., Kim, S. Y., Yu, J. J., & Chae, J. H. (2014). Childhood trauma and adult interpersonal relationship problems in patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Annals of General Psychiatry, 13(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-014-0026-y
  • Janovsky, T., Rock, A. J., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & Clark, G. (2020). The Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Interpersonal Problems: A Meta-analytic Review. Clinical Psycchology & Psychoterapy. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2439
  • Keating, L., Muller, R. T., & Classen, C. C. (2018). Changes in attachment organization, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal problems among women in treatment for abuse. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 19(2), 247–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2017.1331946
  • Lee, T., Wu, Y., Chao, E., … C. C.-J. of A., & 2020, undefined. (n.d.). Resilience as a mediator of interpersonal relationships and depressive symptoms amongst 10th to 12th grade students. Elsevier. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032720327282
  • Lakey, B., & Cronin, A. (2008). Low Social Support and Major Depression. Research, Theory and Methodological Issues. In Risk Factors in Depression (pp. 385–408). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-045078-0.00017-4
  • Lakey, B., Vander Molen, R. J., Fles, E., & Andrews, J. (2016). Ordinary Social Interaction and the Main Effect Between Perceived Support and Affect. Journal of Personality, 84(5), 671–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12190
  • Leising, D., & Zimmermann, J. (2011). An Integrative Conceptual Framework for Assessing Personality and Personality Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025070
  • Leising, D., Krause, S., Köhler, D., Hinsen, K., & Clifton, A. (2011). Assessing interpersonal functioning: Views from within and without. Journal of Research in Personality, 45(6), 631–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.08.011
  • Masten, A. S. (2018, March 1). Resilience Theory and Research on Children and Families: Past, Present, and Promise. Journal of Family Theory and Review, Vol. 10, pp. 12–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12255
  • Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2016). Resilience in Development: Progress and Transformation. In Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 1–63). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy406
  • McMain, S. F., Guimond, T., Streiner, D. L., Cardish, R. J., & Links, P. S. (2012). Dialectical behavior therapy compared with general psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder: Clinical outcomes and functioning over a 2-year follow-up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(6), 650–661. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11091416
  • Moormann, P. P., Albach, F., Bermond, B., Dijke, A. van, Jong, J. de, Wineke, J., … Karanafti, A. (2012). Gender Differences in the Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Alexithymia, Dissociation and Self. Sexual Abuse - Breaking the Silence. https://doi.org/10.5772/26047
  • Ochsner, K. N., Bunge, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2002). Rethinking feelings: An fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(8), 1215–1229.https://doi.org/10.1162/089892902760807212
  • Poole, J. C., & Dobson, K. (2018). Do adverse childhood experiences predict adult interpersonal difficulties? The role of emotion dysregulation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.006
  • Poole, J. C., Dobson, K., Dobson, K. S., & Pusch, D. (2017). Anxiety among adults with a history of childhood adversity: Psychological resilience moderates the indirect effect of emotion dysregulation. J Affect Disord, 1;217:144-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.047
  • Reviere, S. L., & Bakeman, R. (2001). The Effects of Early Trauma on Autobiographical Memory and Schematic Self-Representation. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15(7 SPEC. ISS.). https://doi.org/10.1002/ACP.836
  • Shin, K. E., & Newman, M. G. (2019). Self- and other-perceptions of interpersonal problems: Effects of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 65, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.04.005
  • Southwick, S. M., Pietrzak, R. H., Tsai, J., Krystal, J. H., & Charney, D. (n.d.). Resilience: An Update. Retrieved from www.ptsd.va.gov
  • Şar, V., Necef, I., Mutluer, T., Parmis, F. & Kurtça, T. (2021). A revised and expanded version of The Turkish Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33): Overprotection-overcontrol as additional factor. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 22(1), 35 51. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2020.1760171
  • Tottenham, N. (2012, August 1). Risk and developmental heterogeneity in previously institutionalized Children. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51, 29–S33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.04.004
  • Wendt, L. P., Wright, A. G. C., Pilkonis, P. A., Nolte, T., Fonagy, P., Montague, P. R., … Zimmermann, J. (2019). The latent structure of interpersonal problems: Validity of dimensional, categorical, and hybrid models. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(8), 823–839. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000460
  • Wills T. A., & Bantum, C. (2012). SociAl SuPPoRt, Self-RegulAtion, And ReSilience in tWo PoPulAtionS: geneRAl-PoPulAtion AdoleScentS And Adult cAnceR SuRvivoRS. In Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31,6, https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2012.31.6.568
  • Wright, M. O., & Masten, A. S. (2007). Resilience Processes in Development. In Handbook of Resilience in Children (pp. 17–37). https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48572-9_2
  • Yiğit, İ., Yiğit, M.G. (2019).Psychometric properties of Turkish version of difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16). Current Psychology, 38, 1503–1511, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9712-7
  • Zhao, Y., Lee, Y. T., & Chen, L. (2020). Cumulative interpersonal relationship risk and resilience models for bullying victimization and depression in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109706. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAID.2019.109706
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Elif Yöyen 0000-0002-0539-9263

Umut Bozacı 0000-0002-9678-0210

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 19 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yöyen, E., & Bozacı, U. (2023). Childhood Traumas, Emotional Differences and Resilience as Predictives of Interpersonal Problems. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(2), 129-139.