Araştırma Makalesi
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The mediator role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between perceived stress and somatic symptoms

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 255 - 261, 25.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.24.3.07

Öz

Introduction: Experiential avoidance is a coping strategy which is adopted so often when dealing with unwanted internal experiences such as emotions, thoughts and memories. Experiential avoidance is associated with mental disorders such as depression and PTSD as well as manifestation of somatic symptoms despite of providing short-term relief. This study aimed to explore the mediator role of experiential avoidance in relationship between perceived stress and somatic symptoms.
Methods: Data was collected from 371 participants who filled the survey on online platforms. The survey consisted of demographic form and scales for experiential avoidance, perceived stress and somatic symptoms.
Results: According to the research analysis, it was revealed that experiential avoidance has a mediator role in relationship between perceived stress and somatic symptoms intensity. Furthermore, three variables have been found significantly correlated with each other.
Conclusion: Experiential avoidance as a coping strategy with perceived stress is a mediator for manifestation of somatic symptoms burden. The results will guide mental health professionals and individuals with chronic somatic symptom burden such as headaches, dizziness and fibromyalgia to adopt more acceptance based strategies in dealing with stressful situations.

Kaynakça

  • Aldrich, S., Eccleston, C., & Crombez, G. (2000). Worrying about chronic pain: vigilance to threat and misdirected problem solving. Behaviour research and therapy, 38(5), 457-470.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Bakhshaie, J., Kauffman, B. Y., Viana, A. G., Garza, M., Ochoa-Perez, M., Lemaire, C., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2017). Synergistic effects of pain intensity and experiential avoidance in relation to anxiety symptoms and disorders among economically disadvantaged latinos in a community-based primary care setting. Journal of anxiety disorders, 48, 54-62.
  • Campbell, R., Greeson, M. R., Bybee, D., & Raja, S. (2008). The co-occurrence of childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and sexual harassment: A mediational model of posttraumatic stress disorder and physical health outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(2), 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.76.2.194
  • Campbell, L. C., Andrews, N., Scipio, C., Flores, B., Feliu, M. H., & Keefe, F. J. (2009). Pain coping in Latino populations. The Journal of Pain, 10(10), 1012-1019.
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1994). Perceived stress scale. Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists, 10(2), 1-2.
  • Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. (2007). Psychological stress and disease. Jama, 298(14), 1685-1687.
  • Eriksen, H. R., & Ursin, H. H. (2004). Subjective health complaints, sensitization, and sustained cognitive activation (stress). Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56(4), 445-448. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00629-9
  • Farr, J., Ononaiye, M., & Irons, C. (2021). Early shaming experiences and psychological distress: The role of experiential avoidance and self‐compassion. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 94(4), 952-972.
  • Fink, P., & Rosendal, M. (2008). Recent developments in the understanding and management of functional somatic symptoms in primary care. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21(2),182–188. https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0b013e3282f51254
  • Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., Suzuki, N., & Watson, D. (2014). The brief experiential avoidance questionnaire: development and initial validation. Psychological assessment, 26(1), 35.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2018). Descriptive statistics. In IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step by Step (pp. 126-134). Routledge.
  • Gierk, B., Kohlmann, S., Kroenke, K., Spangenberg, L., Zenger, M., Brähler, E., & Löwe, B. (2014). The somatic symptom scale–8 (SSS-8): a brief measure of somatic symptom burden. JAMA internal medicine, 174(3), 399-407.
  • Gilbert, P. (2005). Social Mentalities: A Biopsychosocial and Evolutionary Approach to Social Relationships.
  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behaviour change. New York, NY US: Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, A. F., & Aut, V. X. X. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis a Regression-Based Approach Andrew f. Hayes; Series Editor’s Note by Todd d. Little.
  • Hjern, A., Alfven, G., & Östberg, V. (2008). School stressors, psychological complaints and psychosomatic pain. Acta paediatrica, 97(1), 112-117.
  • Husain, K., Browne, T., & Chalder, T. (2007). A Review of Psychological Models and Interventions for Medically Unexplained Somatic Symptoms in Children. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 12(1), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00419.x
  • Irons, C., Gilbert, P., Baldwin, M. W., Baccus, J. R., & Palmer, M. (2006). Parental recall, attachment relating and self‐attacking/self‐reassurance: Their relationship with depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45(3), 297-308. Jacobson, N. S., Martell, C. R., & Dimidjian, S. (2001). Behavioral activation treatment for depression: returning to contextual roots. Clinical Psychology: science and practice, 8(3), 255.
  • Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer: New York.
  • Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(5), 887.
  • Lee, E. H. (2012). Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Asian nursing research, 6(4), 121-127.
  • Lipowski, Z. J. (1968). Review of Consultation Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine. Psychosomatic Medicine, 30(4), 395–422. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-196807000-00005
  • MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical psychology review, 32(6), 545-552.
  • Mayorga, N. A., Manning, K. F., Derrick, J. L., Viana, A. G., Garey, L., Nizio, P., ... & Zvolensky, M. J. (2022). Evaluating experiential avoidance in terms of COVID-19 fear and pandemic emotional distress symptoms among Latinx adults. Cognitive therapy and research, 46(2), 358-366.
  • Miller, M. W., Fogler, J. M., Wolf, E. J., Kaloupek, D. G., & Keane, T. M. (2008). The internalizing and externalizing structure of psychiatric comorbidity in combat veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(1), 58–65. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20303
  • Ursin, H. (1997). Sensitization, somatization, and subjective health complaints. International journal of behavioral medicine, 4, 105-116.

Algılanan stres ve somatik semptomlar arasındaki ilişkide deneyimsel kaçınmanın aracı rolü.

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 255 - 261, 25.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.24.3.07

Öz

Giriş: Deneyimsel kaçınma; duygu, düşünce ve anılar gibi istenmeyen içsel deneyimlerle uğraşırken sıklıkla benimsenen bir başa çıkma stratejisidir. Deneyimsel kaçınma, kısa süreli rahatlama sağlamasına rağmen, depresyon ve TSSB gibi zihinsel bozuklukların yanı sıra bedensel semptomların ortaya çıkmasıyla da ilişkilidir. Bu çalışma, algılanan stres ile bedensel belirtiler arasındaki ilişkide deneyimsel kaçınmanın aracı rolünü araştırmayı amaçlamıştır.
Yöntem: Hazırlanan anketi çevrimiçi platformlarda dolduran 371 katılımcıdan veri elde edilmiştir. Anket, deneyimsel kaçınma, algılanan stres ve bedensel semptomlara yönelik ölçekler ve demografik formdan oluşmaktadır.
Bulgular: Araştırma analizine göre, algılanan stres ile bedensel belirtilerin yoğunluğu arasındaki ilişkide deneyimsel kaçınmanın aracı rolü olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca üç değişkenin birbiriyle anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Algılanan stresle başa çıkma stratejisi olarak deneyimsel kaçınma, somatik semptomların ortaya çıkmasında aracıdır. Sonuçlar, ruh sağlığı uzmanlarına ve baş ağrısı, baş dönmesi ve fibromiyalji gibi kronik somatik semptom yüküne sahip bireylere, stresli durumlarla başa çıkmada daha kabule dayalı stratejiler benimseme konusunda rehberlik edecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Aldrich, S., Eccleston, C., & Crombez, G. (2000). Worrying about chronic pain: vigilance to threat and misdirected problem solving. Behaviour research and therapy, 38(5), 457-470.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  • Bakhshaie, J., Kauffman, B. Y., Viana, A. G., Garza, M., Ochoa-Perez, M., Lemaire, C., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2017). Synergistic effects of pain intensity and experiential avoidance in relation to anxiety symptoms and disorders among economically disadvantaged latinos in a community-based primary care setting. Journal of anxiety disorders, 48, 54-62.
  • Campbell, R., Greeson, M. R., Bybee, D., & Raja, S. (2008). The co-occurrence of childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and sexual harassment: A mediational model of posttraumatic stress disorder and physical health outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(2), 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.76.2.194
  • Campbell, L. C., Andrews, N., Scipio, C., Flores, B., Feliu, M. H., & Keefe, F. J. (2009). Pain coping in Latino populations. The Journal of Pain, 10(10), 1012-1019.
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1994). Perceived stress scale. Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists, 10(2), 1-2.
  • Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., & Miller, G. E. (2007). Psychological stress and disease. Jama, 298(14), 1685-1687.
  • Eriksen, H. R., & Ursin, H. H. (2004). Subjective health complaints, sensitization, and sustained cognitive activation (stress). Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56(4), 445-448. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00629-9
  • Farr, J., Ononaiye, M., & Irons, C. (2021). Early shaming experiences and psychological distress: The role of experiential avoidance and self‐compassion. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 94(4), 952-972.
  • Fink, P., & Rosendal, M. (2008). Recent developments in the understanding and management of functional somatic symptoms in primary care. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 21(2),182–188. https://doi.org/10.1097/yco.0b013e3282f51254
  • Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., Suzuki, N., & Watson, D. (2014). The brief experiential avoidance questionnaire: development and initial validation. Psychological assessment, 26(1), 35.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2018). Descriptive statistics. In IBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step by Step (pp. 126-134). Routledge.
  • Gierk, B., Kohlmann, S., Kroenke, K., Spangenberg, L., Zenger, M., Brähler, E., & Löwe, B. (2014). The somatic symptom scale–8 (SSS-8): a brief measure of somatic symptom burden. JAMA internal medicine, 174(3), 399-407.
  • Gilbert, P. (2005). Social Mentalities: A Biopsychosocial and Evolutionary Approach to Social Relationships.
  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behaviour change. New York, NY US: Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, A. F., & Aut, V. X. X. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis a Regression-Based Approach Andrew f. Hayes; Series Editor’s Note by Todd d. Little.
  • Hjern, A., Alfven, G., & Östberg, V. (2008). School stressors, psychological complaints and psychosomatic pain. Acta paediatrica, 97(1), 112-117.
  • Husain, K., Browne, T., & Chalder, T. (2007). A Review of Psychological Models and Interventions for Medically Unexplained Somatic Symptoms in Children. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 12(1), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00419.x
  • Irons, C., Gilbert, P., Baldwin, M. W., Baccus, J. R., & Palmer, M. (2006). Parental recall, attachment relating and self‐attacking/self‐reassurance: Their relationship with depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45(3), 297-308. Jacobson, N. S., Martell, C. R., & Dimidjian, S. (2001). Behavioral activation treatment for depression: returning to contextual roots. Clinical Psychology: science and practice, 8(3), 255.
  • Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer: New York.
  • Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of personality and social psychology, 92(5), 887.
  • Lee, E. H. (2012). Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Asian nursing research, 6(4), 121-127.
  • Lipowski, Z. J. (1968). Review of Consultation Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine. Psychosomatic Medicine, 30(4), 395–422. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-196807000-00005
  • MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical psychology review, 32(6), 545-552.
  • Mayorga, N. A., Manning, K. F., Derrick, J. L., Viana, A. G., Garey, L., Nizio, P., ... & Zvolensky, M. J. (2022). Evaluating experiential avoidance in terms of COVID-19 fear and pandemic emotional distress symptoms among Latinx adults. Cognitive therapy and research, 46(2), 358-366.
  • Miller, M. W., Fogler, J. M., Wolf, E. J., Kaloupek, D. G., & Keane, T. M. (2008). The internalizing and externalizing structure of psychiatric comorbidity in combat veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(1), 58–65. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20303
  • Ursin, H. (1997). Sensitization, somatization, and subjective health complaints. International journal of behavioral medicine, 4, 105-116.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Psikolojisi, Stres
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Erinç Erbildim 0009-0005-9958-1849

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 14 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Erbildim, E. (2024). The mediator role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between perceived stress and somatic symptoms. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 6(3), 255-261. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.24.3.07