Britanya'nın Demir Leydisi: Margaret Thatcher'ın 1983’e Kadar Yaşamı

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 1, 49 - 61, 01.07.2021

Teval Özdikmen Cengiz Kartın

Öz

Margaret Thatcher 13 Ekim 1925 tarihinde Beatrice ve Alfred Roberts çiftinin ikinci çocuğu (Margaret Hilda Roberts) olarak dünyaya gelmiştir. Babası Alfred ve annesi Beatrice' in son derece koyu Metodist olmalarından dolayı çocukluğu Metodizm Kilisesi etrafında geçmiştir. Oldukça başarılı bir öğrenci olan Margaret 1947 senesinde onur derecesi ile Oxford Üniversitesi Kimya bölümünden mezun olmuştur. 1951 senesinde Denis Thatcher ile evlenmiştir ve bu evlilikten ikiz çocuğu olmuştur. 1959 senesinde Finchley' in Muhafazakâr milletvekili seçilmiş ve parlamentoya girmiştir. 1975 senesinde Muhafazakâr Parti lideri olmuştur. Margaret Thatcher, ataerkil bir toplumda, kadınların siyasi veya sosyal olarak ön plana çıkmasının çok zor olduğu bir dönemde, tüm engellere rağmen pes etmemiş ve 1979 senesinde Britanya'nın ilk kadın Başbakanı olmayı başarmıştır. Uyguladığı politikalardan dolayı çok fazla destekçisi olmasına karşın bir o kadar da nefret edeni bulunmaktaydı. Thatcher siyasi hayatı boyunca çeşitli lakaplar almıştır. Bunlardan en bilinenleri, ''süt hırsızı'' ve ''demir leydi'' olmuştur. Margaret Thatcher üç dönem boyunca iktidarı elinde tutmayı başararak İngiltere'nin en uzun süre görev yapan başbakanı olmuştur. Uluslararası bir etkinlik kazanan Margaret Thatcher, tüm dünyanın dikkatini çekmeyi başarmıştır. Bu makalede, yirminci yüzyılın bu önemli siyasi figürünün hayatının erken dönemini, aile yaşantısını, yetiştirilme tarzını, eğitim hayatını, siyasete girişini, başbakanlığa yükselişini ve Falkland Savaşında nasıl bir yol izlediğini ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Thatcher' ın politikaları ışığında ''Thatcherizm'' kavramına odaklanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Metodizim, Demir Leydi, Muhafazakâr Parti, Falkland Savaşı, Thatcherizm

The Iron Lady Of Britain: The Life of Margaret Thatcher Until 1983

Öz

Margaret Thatcher was born on October 13, 1925, as the second child of Beatrice and Alfred Roberts couple (Margaret Hilda Roberts). Her childhood passed around the Methodism church, as her father Alfred and his mother Beatrice were extremely strict Methodists. Margaret who was a pretty successful student graduated from Oxford University Department Chemistry in 1947 with an honorary degree. She married Denis Thatcher in 1951 and had twins from this marriage. In 1959 Finchley was elected as conservative deputy and entered the parliament. He became the leader of the Conservative Party in 1975. Despite all obstacles, Margaret Thatcher did not give up and successfully became Britain's first female Prime Minister in 1979 at a time when it was very difficult for women to come to the fore politically or socially in a patriarchal society. She also had so many haters, although she had a lot of supporters due to the policies she implemented. Thatcher has gotten various nicknames throughout her political life. The best known of her nicknames were the "milk thief" and "iron lady". Margaret Thatcher succeeded in holding the power for three terms, becoming Britain's longest-serving prime minister. Margaret Thatcher, who got popular worldwide, managed to attract the attention of the whole world. This article is aimed to reveal the early life of the important political figure of the twentieth century, her family life, her upbringing, her education life, her entry into politics, her rise to the prime minister, and the path she followed in the Falkland War. It focuses on the concept of "Thatcherism" in the light of Thatcher's policies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Methodism, Iron Lady, Conservative Party, Falkland War, Thatcherism

Kaynakça

• Aitken, J., Margaret Thatcher: Power And Personality, London: Bloomsbury. 2013.
• Berlinski, C., There is No Alternative, New York: Basic Books. 2008.
• Blundell, J., Margaret Thatcher: A Potrait Of The Iro Lady, New York: Algora Publishing. 2008.
• Cannadine, D., Margaret Thatcher: A Life And Legacy, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2017.
• Champbell, J., The Iron Lady: Margaret Thatcher, from Grocer’s Daughter to Prime Minister, London: Penguin Books. 2009.
• Cooper, J., Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan:A Very Political Special Relationship, London: Palgrave Macmillan. 2012.
• Crines, A. S., Rhetoric, Politics and Society: The Political Rhetoric and Oratory of Margaret Thatcher, London: Palgrave Macmillan. 2016.
• Evans, J.E., Thatcher and Thatcherizm, London: Routledge. 1997.
• Finlayson, A., Rhetoric, Politics and Society; The Political Rheotoric and Oratory of Margaret Thatcher, London: Palgrave Macmillan. 2016.
• Gamble, A., The Free Economy and the Strong State: the Politics of Thatcherism, London: Macmillan Education LTD. 1988.
• Güngör, K., ''Thatcher' ın Temel Maliye Ekonomi Politikaları ve Birleşik Krallık' taki Etkileri''. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 18/2 (2017), 1-20.
• Hadley, L., Responding to Margaret Thatcher’s Death. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 2014.
• Helvacı, A. ve Demirtepe M.T., ''Muhafazakar Parti’nin Dönüşümü: Thatcherizm ve Yeni Sağ''. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi 3/9 (1996), 96-115.
• Jackson, B. ve R. Saunders,. Making Thatcher’s Britain, Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristiy Press. 2012.
• Jessop, B., ''Margaret Thatcher and Thatcherism: Dead But Not Buried'', British Politics, 10 (2015), 1-18.
• Lewis, R., A Personal and Political Biography, London: Routledge&Kegan Paul. 1984.
• Mclean, I., Rational Choice and Britsh Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001.
• Moore, C., Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography, Volume One: Not For Turning, London: Penguin Books. 2013.
• MTF (Margaret Thatcher Foundation), Falklands: Carrington Minute to MT (''Falkland Islands''), London, 1979.
• Mullen, J., Britain in the 1970s–an Annotated Timeline, Star e-books. 2016.
• Nunn, H., Thatcher, Politics and Fantasy: The Political Culture of Gender and Nation, London: Lawrance and Wishard. 2002.
• Reitan, E. A., The Thatcher Revolution: Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, and the Transformation of Modern Britain, 1979–2001, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2003.
• Smith, E. W., ''The Construction of a Female Leader''. Forum Filologiczine Ateneum: Ateneum Philological Forum (2014), 9-25.
• Thatcher, M., The Path To Power, Harper Collins E-books. 1995.
• Williamson, A., Conservative Economic Policymaking and the Birth of Thatcherism, Cambridge: Pelgrave Macmillan. 2015.
• Wright, W.S., ''Common Denominators in Successful Female Statecraft: The Political Legacies of Quenn Elizabeth I, Indira Gandhi, and Margaret Thatcher''. Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford RoundRound Table (2012), 1-16.
• Web 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gbiohe_Baks, (01.03.2021)
• Web 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuuEjgP5LxA (17.03.2021)
• Web 3: https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/margaret-thatcher (05.03.2021)
• Web 4: https://www.milligazete.com.tr/haber/1061019/margaret-thatcher-hakkinda-her-sey (15.07.2021)
• Web 5: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/ozeldosyalar/2013/04/130408_thatcher_obit (16.03.2021)
• Web 6: https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-margaret-thatcher (16.03.2021)
• Web 7: https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/dunya-tarihine-atilmis-bir-virgul-margaret-thatcher22995673 (17.03.2021)
• Web 8: https://educalingo.com/en/dic-de/kampfbegriff (11.05.2021)
• Web 9: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-22079683(15.05.2021)