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Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 57, 77 - 108, 01.08.2009

Öz

An important component of an educational leadership preparation program is the requirement of practicum experiences. The rationale for the practicum requirement is to expose educational leadership program candidates to real-world school leadership experiences. A successful implementation of the practicum experience involves the collaboration among three stakeholders: university professors as supervisors, school administrators as mentors and the program candidates. The stakeholders' perceptions of the quality of the practicum experience are most valuable to continuous improvement of the educational leadership program. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stakeholders' perceived effectiveness of the practicum experience in an educational leadership program in a large public university in the southeastern United States. The findings of this study identified practicum areas that met the educational demands of the program candidates while highlighting practicum areas that needed improvement.

Kaynakça

  • Aiken, J. A. (2001). Supporting and sustaining school principals through a state-wide new principals’ institute. Planning and Changing, 32(3/4), 144- 163.
  • Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Razavieh, A. (1996). Introduction to research in education (5th ed.). Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
  • Belcher, D. (1999). Authentic interaction in a virtual classroom: Leveling the playing field in a graduate seminar. Computers and Composition, 16(2), 253- 267.
  • Bradshaw, L. K., Perreault, G., McDowelle, J. O., & Bell, E. W. (1997, November). Evaluating the results of innovative practices in educational leadership programs. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Southern Regional Council for Educational Administration at Charleston, SC.
  • Brogan, B. R. (1994, August). Outcome-based education and administrative training: What educational leaders need to know and be able to do. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Conference of Professors of Educational Administration, Indian Wells, CA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 378 670)
  • Chan, T.C., Jiang, B., & Patterson, J. (2008). Redesigning educational leadership programs: Graduates and their principals can help. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association in New York.
  • Chan, T. C., Richardson, M. D., & Pool, H. (2003). Warranting the field performance of educational leadership graduates: How one university acts. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education & Development, 6 (2), 77-98.
  • Chance, E. W. (1990). The administrative internship: Effective program Characteristics. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED330113)
  • Chenoweth, T., Carr, C. & Ruhl, T. (2002). Best Practice in Educational Leadership Preparation Programs, retrieved on September, 3, 2007 from http://www.ode.state.or.us/opportunities/grants/saelp/edleaderforum.pdf.
  • Clark, D. C., & Clark, S. N. (1997). Addressing dilemmas inherent in educational leadership preparation programs through collaborative restructuring. Peabody Journal of Education, 72(2), 21-41.
  • Cohen, M. (2001). Transforming the American high School: New Directions for State and Local Policy. Aspen Institute: Washington, DC.
  • Coleman, M., Low, G. T., Bush, T., & Chew, O. A. J. (1996, April). Rethinking training for principals: The role of mentoring. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 397 479)
  • Cordeiro, P. A., & Smith-Sloan, E. (1995, April). Apprenticeships for administrative interns: Learning to talk like a principal. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association at San Francisco, CA.
  • Creighton, T. B. (2001, November). Towards a leadership practice field: An antidote to an ailing internship experience. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the University Council for Educational Administration at Cincinnati, OH.
  • Crews, A. C., & Weakley, S. (1995). Hungry for leadership: Educational leadership programs in the SREB states. Atlanta, GA: Southern Regional Education Board.
  • Daresh, J. C. (1997). Improving principal preparation: A review of common strategies. NASSP Bulletin, 81(585), 3-8.
  • Daresh, J. C. (2002). U.S. school administrator development: Issues and a plan for improvement. In Proceedings of International Conference on School Leader Preparation, Licensure/Certification, Selection, Evaluation, and Professional Development, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Darling-Hammond, L., LaPointe, M., Meyerson, D., & Orr, M. (2007). Preparing school leaders for a changing world: Executive summary. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Stanford Educational Leadership Institute.
  • Davis, S., Darling-Hammond, L., LaPointe, M., Meyerson, D. (2005). School leadership study: Developing successful principals (Review of research). Stanford, CA; Stanford University, Stanford Educational Leadership Institute.
  • Fry, B., O’Neill, K., & Bottoms, G. (2006). The principal internship: How can we get it right. Atlanta: SREB.
  • Gantner, M. W., & Halsall, A. (2003, April). Restructuring the administrative internship: Strengthening the leader’s capacity to influence school improvement through action research. A paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association at Chicago.
  • Gaudreau, P. A., Kufel, A. P., & Parks, D. J. (2006). Quality internships for school leaders: Meeting the challenge. AASA Journal of Scholarship and Practice, 3(3), 27-32.
  • Georgia Board of Regents (2007). Commission’s framework for performance- based educational leadership certification programs. Atlanta, GA: Author.
  • Goldring, E., & Sims, P. (2005). Modeling creative and courageous school leadership through district-university-community partnerships. Educational Policy, 19(1), 223-249.
  • Gordon, D., & Moles, M. (1994). Mentoring becomes staff development: A case of serendipity. NASSP Bulletin, 78(559), 66-70.
  • Grogan, M., & Andrews, R. (2002). Defining preparation and Professional development for the future. Educational Administration Quarterly 38(2), 233-256.
  • Grogan, M., & Roberson, S. (2002). Developing a new generation of educational leaders by capitalizing on partnerships. International Journal of Educational Management, 16(7), 314-318.
  • Gupton, S. L. (1998, November). State-mandated reform of programs preparing school principals: One university's experience. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 428 438)
  • Hall, R. F. & Lutz, K. W. (1989). Clinical field experience in educational administration: A regional study. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED311530)
  • Hartzell, G. N., Williams, R. C., & Nelson, K. T. (1994, February). Addressing the problems of first-year assistant principals. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of Secondary School Principals. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 369 179)
  • Hoban, G., Neu, B., & Castle, S. R. (2003, April). Assessment of on- ground/online instruction in educational administration programs: Instructor/student interaction as a defining variable. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association at Chicago.
  • Henderson, M. (2002). Beginning principals’ self-perceptions of administrative task proficiencies in Georgia elementary schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia.
  • Jackson, B. L., & Kelley, C. (2002). Exceptional and innovative programs in educational leadership. Educational administration quarterly, 38(2), 192-212.
  • Jacobson, S. L. (1996). School leadership in an age of reform: New directions in principal preparation. International Journal of Educational Reform, 5(3), 271-277.
  • Jean, E. W., & Evans, R. D. (1995) Internship/mentorship for first-year principals: implications for administrative certification and graduate program design. CSPAC Research Study: Missoula, Montana.
  • Joachim, P., & Klotz, J. (2000). Interviewing practicing administrators: An underutilized field based instructional strategy. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED450458)
  • Kraus, C. M. (1996, April). Administrative training: What really prepares administrators for the job? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York. (ERIC Document Reproduction No. ED 396 447)
  • Kraus, C. M., & Cordeiro, P. A. (1995, October). Challenging tradition: Reexamining the preparation of educational leaders for the workplace. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the University Council for Educational Administration, Salt Lake City, UT. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 390 129)
  • Krueger, J. A., & Milstein, M. M. (1995). Promoting excellence in educational leadership: What really matters? Planning and changing, 26,148-167.
  • Laing, P., & Bradshaw, L. K. (2003, April). Maximizing positive effects of cohort models in the preparation of school leaders. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association at Chicago.
  • Lashway, L. (1997). Standards for administrators. Research Roundup, 15(1).
  • Lee, G. V., & Keiffer, V. A. (2003, April). Leadership for school improvement: Fostering the development of appropriate dispositions among aspiring principals. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association in Chicago.
  • Lovette, O. K. (1997, November). Principalship preparation programs: The principal's perspective. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mid- South Educational Research Association, Memphis, TN. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 415 780)
  • Lyons, J. E. (1992). Competencies of beginning principals: Are they prepared for the role? (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 346 589)
  • Marcoux, J., Brown, G., Irby, B. J., & Lara-Alecio, R. (2003, April). A case study on the use of portfolios in principal evaluation. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association at Chicago.
  • Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1999). Designing qualitative research. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publisher.
  • Miller, T. N., Devin, M., & Shoop, R. J. (2007). Closing the leadership gap. Thousand Oak, CA: Corwin Press.
  • Milstein, M. M. (1995). Progress and perils: Development of the field-based Ed.D. program in educational administration at the University of New Mexico. Planning and Changing, 26(3/4), 130-147.
  • Milstein, M. M., & Krueger, J. A. (1997). Improving educational administration preparation programs: What we have learned over the past decade. Peabody Journal of Education, 72(2), 100-116.
  • Opsal, C., Brunner, C. C., & Virnig, S. (2005, November). Unprecedented liberation,unparalleled leadership: The case of a deaf school administrator’s superintendency preparation experience. Paper presented at the annual conference of the University Council for Educational Administration, Nashville, Tennessee.
  • Parkay, F. W., & Currie, G. (1992). Sources of support for the beginning principal. In Parkay, F. W. & Hall, G. E. (Eds.) Becoming a principal: The challenges of beginning leadership. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Pautler, A. J., Jr. (1991). Structured clinical experiences for the preparation of educational leadership personnel for the future. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED331173)
  • Preis, S., Grogan, M., Sherman, W., & Beaty, D. (2007). What the research and literature say about the delivery of educational leadership preparation in the United States. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 2(1), Retrieved on September 5, 2007 from http://www.ucea.org/JRLE/pdf/vol2_issue1__2007/Preisetal.pdf.
  • Restine, L. N. (1990). The preparation of aspiring educational administrators: Transition and transformation in the internship. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED326946)
  • Restine, L. N. (1997). Experience, meaning, and principal development. Journal of Educational Administration, 35(3-4), 253-267.
  • Richardson, M. D., & Lane, K. E. (1994). Reforming principal preparation: From training to learning. Catalyst for Change, 23(2), 14-18.
  • Roberts, L., Lindsey, R., & Jones, F. L. (2003, April). Using a cultural proficiency continuum and an action-learning lab protocol to reveal and improve leadership practice. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association at Chicago.
  • Savicki, V., Kelley, M., & Lingenfelter, D. (1996). Gender, group composition, and task type in small task groups using computer-mediated communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 12(4), 549-565.
  • Sherman, W. H., & Beaty, D. M. (2007). The use of distance technology in leadership preparation. Journal of Educational Administration, 45(5), 605- 620.
  • Sorenson, D., & Machell, J. (1996, March). Quality schools through quality leadership. Paper presented at the Annual National Conference on Creating the Quality School, Oklahoma City, OK. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 402 676)
  • Sullivan, P. (2002). “It’s easier to be yourself when you are invisible”: Female college students discuss their online classroom experiences. Journal of Innovative Higher Education, 27(2), 129-144.
  • Van Berkum, D. W., Richardson, M. D., & Lane, K. E. (1994, August). Professional development in educational administration programs: Where does it exist? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Conference of Professors of Educational Administration, Indian Wells, CA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 376 566)
  • Whitaker, K. S., King, R., & Vogel, L. R. (2004). School district-university partnerships: Graduate student perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of a reformed leadership development program. Planning and Changing, (35)3/4, 209-222.
  • White, E., & Crow, G. M. (1993). Rites of passage: The changing role perceptions of interns in their preparation for principalship. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED362973)
  • Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S. G. (2005). Research methods in education. (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Williamson, R., & Hudson, M. (2001, August). The good, the bad, the ugly: Internships in principal preparation. Paper presented at the National Council for Professors of Educational Administration at Houston, TX.
  • Wilmore, E. L., & Bratlien, M. J. (2005). Mentoring and tutoring within administrative internship programs in American universities. Mentoring & Tutoring, 13(1), 23-37.
  • Wilmore, E. L., & Erlandson, D. A. (1995, January). Portfolio assessment in the preparation of school administrators. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, Dallas, TX. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 394 906) Communication:
  • Dr. Binbin Jiang, Associate Professor, bjiang@kennesaw.edu
  • Dr. Judith Patterson, Assistant Professor, jpatters@kennesaw.edu
  • Dr. Mary Chandler, Assistant Professor, mchand18@kennesaw.edu
  • Dr. Tak Cheung Chan, Professor, tchan@kennesaw.edu
  • Department of Educational Leadership
  • Kennesaw State University

Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 57, 77 - 108, 01.08.2009

Öz

An important component of an educational leadership preparation program is the requirement of practicum experiences. The rationale for the practicum requirement is to expose educational leadership program candidates to real-world school leadership experiences. A successful implementation of the practicum experience involves the collaboration among three stakeholders: university professors as supervisors, school administrators as mentors and the program candidates. The stakeholders’ perceptions of the quality of the practicum experience are most
valuable to continuous improvement of the educational leadership program. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stakeholders’ perceived effectiveness of the practicum experience in an educational leadership program in a large public university in the southeastern United States. The findings of this study identified practicum areas that met the educational demands of the program candidates while highlighting practicum areas that needed improvement. 

Kaynakça

  • Aiken, J. A. (2001). Supporting and sustaining school principals through a state-wide new principals’ institute. Planning and Changing, 32(3/4), 144- 163.
  • Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Razavieh, A. (1996). Introduction to research in education (5th ed.). Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
  • Belcher, D. (1999). Authentic interaction in a virtual classroom: Leveling the playing field in a graduate seminar. Computers and Composition, 16(2), 253- 267.
  • Bradshaw, L. K., Perreault, G., McDowelle, J. O., & Bell, E. W. (1997, November). Evaluating the results of innovative practices in educational leadership programs. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Southern Regional Council for Educational Administration at Charleston, SC.
  • Brogan, B. R. (1994, August). Outcome-based education and administrative training: What educational leaders need to know and be able to do. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Conference of Professors of Educational Administration, Indian Wells, CA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 378 670)
  • Chan, T.C., Jiang, B., & Patterson, J. (2008). Redesigning educational leadership programs: Graduates and their principals can help. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association in New York.
  • Chan, T. C., Richardson, M. D., & Pool, H. (2003). Warranting the field performance of educational leadership graduates: How one university acts. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education & Development, 6 (2), 77-98.
  • Chance, E. W. (1990). The administrative internship: Effective program Characteristics. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED330113)
  • Chenoweth, T., Carr, C. & Ruhl, T. (2002). Best Practice in Educational Leadership Preparation Programs, retrieved on September, 3, 2007 from http://www.ode.state.or.us/opportunities/grants/saelp/edleaderforum.pdf.
  • Clark, D. C., & Clark, S. N. (1997). Addressing dilemmas inherent in educational leadership preparation programs through collaborative restructuring. Peabody Journal of Education, 72(2), 21-41.
  • Cohen, M. (2001). Transforming the American high School: New Directions for State and Local Policy. Aspen Institute: Washington, DC.
  • Coleman, M., Low, G. T., Bush, T., & Chew, O. A. J. (1996, April). Rethinking training for principals: The role of mentoring. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 397 479)
  • Cordeiro, P. A., & Smith-Sloan, E. (1995, April). Apprenticeships for administrative interns: Learning to talk like a principal. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association at San Francisco, CA.
  • Creighton, T. B. (2001, November). Towards a leadership practice field: An antidote to an ailing internship experience. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the University Council for Educational Administration at Cincinnati, OH.
  • Crews, A. C., & Weakley, S. (1995). Hungry for leadership: Educational leadership programs in the SREB states. Atlanta, GA: Southern Regional Education Board.
  • Daresh, J. C. (1997). Improving principal preparation: A review of common strategies. NASSP Bulletin, 81(585), 3-8.
  • Daresh, J. C. (2002). U.S. school administrator development: Issues and a plan for improvement. In Proceedings of International Conference on School Leader Preparation, Licensure/Certification, Selection, Evaluation, and Professional Development, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Darling-Hammond, L., LaPointe, M., Meyerson, D., & Orr, M. (2007). Preparing school leaders for a changing world: Executive summary. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Stanford Educational Leadership Institute.
  • Davis, S., Darling-Hammond, L., LaPointe, M., Meyerson, D. (2005). School leadership study: Developing successful principals (Review of research). Stanford, CA; Stanford University, Stanford Educational Leadership Institute.
  • Fry, B., O’Neill, K., & Bottoms, G. (2006). The principal internship: How can we get it right. Atlanta: SREB.
  • Gantner, M. W., & Halsall, A. (2003, April). Restructuring the administrative internship: Strengthening the leader’s capacity to influence school improvement through action research. A paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association at Chicago.
  • Gaudreau, P. A., Kufel, A. P., & Parks, D. J. (2006). Quality internships for school leaders: Meeting the challenge. AASA Journal of Scholarship and Practice, 3(3), 27-32.
  • Georgia Board of Regents (2007). Commission’s framework for performance- based educational leadership certification programs. Atlanta, GA: Author.
  • Goldring, E., & Sims, P. (2005). Modeling creative and courageous school leadership through district-university-community partnerships. Educational Policy, 19(1), 223-249.
  • Gordon, D., & Moles, M. (1994). Mentoring becomes staff development: A case of serendipity. NASSP Bulletin, 78(559), 66-70.
  • Grogan, M., & Andrews, R. (2002). Defining preparation and Professional development for the future. Educational Administration Quarterly 38(2), 233-256.
  • Grogan, M., & Roberson, S. (2002). Developing a new generation of educational leaders by capitalizing on partnerships. International Journal of Educational Management, 16(7), 314-318.
  • Gupton, S. L. (1998, November). State-mandated reform of programs preparing school principals: One university's experience. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 428 438)
  • Hall, R. F. & Lutz, K. W. (1989). Clinical field experience in educational administration: A regional study. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED311530)
  • Hartzell, G. N., Williams, R. C., & Nelson, K. T. (1994, February). Addressing the problems of first-year assistant principals. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of Secondary School Principals. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 369 179)
  • Hoban, G., Neu, B., & Castle, S. R. (2003, April). Assessment of on- ground/online instruction in educational administration programs: Instructor/student interaction as a defining variable. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association at Chicago.
  • Henderson, M. (2002). Beginning principals’ self-perceptions of administrative task proficiencies in Georgia elementary schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia.
  • Jackson, B. L., & Kelley, C. (2002). Exceptional and innovative programs in educational leadership. Educational administration quarterly, 38(2), 192-212.
  • Jacobson, S. L. (1996). School leadership in an age of reform: New directions in principal preparation. International Journal of Educational Reform, 5(3), 271-277.
  • Jean, E. W., & Evans, R. D. (1995) Internship/mentorship for first-year principals: implications for administrative certification and graduate program design. CSPAC Research Study: Missoula, Montana.
  • Joachim, P., & Klotz, J. (2000). Interviewing practicing administrators: An underutilized field based instructional strategy. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED450458)
  • Kraus, C. M. (1996, April). Administrative training: What really prepares administrators for the job? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York. (ERIC Document Reproduction No. ED 396 447)
  • Kraus, C. M., & Cordeiro, P. A. (1995, October). Challenging tradition: Reexamining the preparation of educational leaders for the workplace. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the University Council for Educational Administration, Salt Lake City, UT. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 390 129)
  • Krueger, J. A., & Milstein, M. M. (1995). Promoting excellence in educational leadership: What really matters? Planning and changing, 26,148-167.
  • Laing, P., & Bradshaw, L. K. (2003, April). Maximizing positive effects of cohort models in the preparation of school leaders. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association at Chicago.
  • Lashway, L. (1997). Standards for administrators. Research Roundup, 15(1).
  • Lee, G. V., & Keiffer, V. A. (2003, April). Leadership for school improvement: Fostering the development of appropriate dispositions among aspiring principals. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association in Chicago.
  • Lovette, O. K. (1997, November). Principalship preparation programs: The principal's perspective. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mid- South Educational Research Association, Memphis, TN. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 415 780)
  • Lyons, J. E. (1992). Competencies of beginning principals: Are they prepared for the role? (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 346 589)
  • Marcoux, J., Brown, G., Irby, B. J., & Lara-Alecio, R. (2003, April). A case study on the use of portfolios in principal evaluation. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association at Chicago.
  • Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1999). Designing qualitative research. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publisher.
  • Miller, T. N., Devin, M., & Shoop, R. J. (2007). Closing the leadership gap. Thousand Oak, CA: Corwin Press.
  • Milstein, M. M. (1995). Progress and perils: Development of the field-based Ed.D. program in educational administration at the University of New Mexico. Planning and Changing, 26(3/4), 130-147.
  • Milstein, M. M., & Krueger, J. A. (1997). Improving educational administration preparation programs: What we have learned over the past decade. Peabody Journal of Education, 72(2), 100-116.
  • Opsal, C., Brunner, C. C., & Virnig, S. (2005, November). Unprecedented liberation,unparalleled leadership: The case of a deaf school administrator’s superintendency preparation experience. Paper presented at the annual conference of the University Council for Educational Administration, Nashville, Tennessee.
  • Parkay, F. W., & Currie, G. (1992). Sources of support for the beginning principal. In Parkay, F. W. & Hall, G. E. (Eds.) Becoming a principal: The challenges of beginning leadership. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Pautler, A. J., Jr. (1991). Structured clinical experiences for the preparation of educational leadership personnel for the future. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED331173)
  • Preis, S., Grogan, M., Sherman, W., & Beaty, D. (2007). What the research and literature say about the delivery of educational leadership preparation in the United States. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 2(1), Retrieved on September 5, 2007 from http://www.ucea.org/JRLE/pdf/vol2_issue1__2007/Preisetal.pdf.
  • Restine, L. N. (1990). The preparation of aspiring educational administrators: Transition and transformation in the internship. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED326946)
  • Restine, L. N. (1997). Experience, meaning, and principal development. Journal of Educational Administration, 35(3-4), 253-267.
  • Richardson, M. D., & Lane, K. E. (1994). Reforming principal preparation: From training to learning. Catalyst for Change, 23(2), 14-18.
  • Roberts, L., Lindsey, R., & Jones, F. L. (2003, April). Using a cultural proficiency continuum and an action-learning lab protocol to reveal and improve leadership practice. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association at Chicago.
  • Savicki, V., Kelley, M., & Lingenfelter, D. (1996). Gender, group composition, and task type in small task groups using computer-mediated communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 12(4), 549-565.
  • Sherman, W. H., & Beaty, D. M. (2007). The use of distance technology in leadership preparation. Journal of Educational Administration, 45(5), 605- 620.
  • Sorenson, D., & Machell, J. (1996, March). Quality schools through quality leadership. Paper presented at the Annual National Conference on Creating the Quality School, Oklahoma City, OK. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 402 676)
  • Sullivan, P. (2002). “It’s easier to be yourself when you are invisible”: Female college students discuss their online classroom experiences. Journal of Innovative Higher Education, 27(2), 129-144.
  • Van Berkum, D. W., Richardson, M. D., & Lane, K. E. (1994, August). Professional development in educational administration programs: Where does it exist? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Conference of Professors of Educational Administration, Indian Wells, CA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 376 566)
  • Whitaker, K. S., King, R., & Vogel, L. R. (2004). School district-university partnerships: Graduate student perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of a reformed leadership development program. Planning and Changing, (35)3/4, 209-222.
  • White, E., & Crow, G. M. (1993). Rites of passage: The changing role perceptions of interns in their preparation for principalship. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED362973)
  • Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S. G. (2005). Research methods in education. (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Williamson, R., & Hudson, M. (2001, August). The good, the bad, the ugly: Internships in principal preparation. Paper presented at the National Council for Professors of Educational Administration at Houston, TX.
  • Wilmore, E. L., & Bratlien, M. J. (2005). Mentoring and tutoring within administrative internship programs in American universities. Mentoring & Tutoring, 13(1), 23-37.
  • Wilmore, E. L., & Erlandson, D. A. (1995, January). Portfolio assessment in the preparation of school administrators. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, Dallas, TX. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 394 906) Communication:
  • Dr. Binbin Jiang, Associate Professor, bjiang@kennesaw.edu
  • Dr. Judith Patterson, Assistant Professor, jpatters@kennesaw.edu
  • Dr. Mary Chandler, Assistant Professor, mchand18@kennesaw.edu
  • Dr. Tak Cheung Chan, Professor, tchan@kennesaw.edu
  • Department of Educational Leadership
  • Kennesaw State University
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Binbin Jiang Bu kişi benim

Judith Patterson Bu kişi benim

Mary Chandler Bu kişi benim

Tak Cheung Chan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 57 Sayı: 57

Kaynak Göster

APA Jiang, B., Patterson, J., Chandler, M., Chan, T. C. (2009). Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 57(57), 77-108.
AMA Jiang B, Patterson J, Chandler M, Chan TC. Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. Ağustos 2009;57(57):77-108.
Chicago Jiang, Binbin, Judith Patterson, Mary Chandler, ve Tak Cheung Chan. “Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates”. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi 57, sy. 57 (Ağustos 2009): 77-108.
EndNote Jiang B, Patterson J, Chandler M, Chan TC (01 Ağustos 2009) Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi 57 57 77–108.
IEEE B. Jiang, J. Patterson, M. Chandler, ve T. C. Chan, “Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates”, Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, c. 57, sy. 57, ss. 77–108, 2009.
ISNAD Jiang, Binbin vd. “Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates”. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi 57/57 (Ağustos 2009), 77-108.
JAMA Jiang B, Patterson J, Chandler M, Chan TC. Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. 2009;57:77–108.
MLA Jiang, Binbin vd. “Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates”. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, c. 57, sy. 57, 2009, ss. 77-108.
Vancouver Jiang B, Patterson J, Chandler M, Chan TC. Practicum Experience in Educational Leadership Program: Perspectives of Supervisors, Mentors and Candidates. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. 2009;57(57):77-108.