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A Critical Look at the Paleo Diet as a Popular Topic

Yıl 2024, , 165 - 191, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1431307

Öz

In recent years, the topic of nutrition and diet has become quite popular. The Paleo diet is an approach that exemplifies the dietary model of the Paleolithic Age, which dates back to 2.5 million to 10 thousand years ago. Focusing on the period before the modern agricultural revolution, this diet is based on the dietary habits of Paleolithic Age humans. The Paleo diet is frequently recommended across various platforms, from daily newspapers to books, gaining popularity due to its sensitivity to the relationship between health and dietary habits.
Corresponding to the popularity of the Paleo diet, there are heated debates regarding its possibilities and feasibility. Researchers supporting the Paleo diet argue that our genetic and anatomical structures have hardly changed since the Paleolithic Ages, thus claiming that the Paleo diet is more suitable for our genetic makeup. On the other hand, researchers opposing this view point out that changes in agriculture and food processing techniques make it difficult to mimic the Paleo diet.
The aim of this study is to examine the promises of the increasingly popular Paleo diet from archaeological and anthropological perspectives. In this regard, the existing literature will be reviewed, and accompanied by scientific information, a discussion will be conducted on the definition of the Paleo diet and its possibilities and feasibility.

Kaynakça

  • Arsebük, Güven (2012). Uzak Geçmişimize Dair Okumalar. İstanbul: Ege Yayınları.
  • Bedford, Jennifer L. ve Susan I Barr (2005). “Diets and selected lifestyle practices of self-defined adult vegetarians from a population-based sample suggest they are more 'health conscious'”. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2(4): 1-11.
  • Ben-Dor Miki, Avi Gopher, Israel Hershkovitz ve Ran Barkai (2011). “Man the Fat Hunter: The Demise of Homo erectus and the Emergence of a New Hominin Lineage in the Middle Pleistocene (ca. 400 kyr) Levant”. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28689. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028689
  • Ben-Dor, Miki (2018). “How carnivorous are we? The implication for protein consumption”. Journal of Evolution and Health An Ancestral Health Society Publication, 3(1): Article 10. DOI:10.15310/2334-3591.1096
  • Bernstein, Adam M ve Qi Sun, Frank B Hu, Meir J Stampfer, JoAnn E Manson ve Walter C Willett (2010). “Major dietary protein sources and risk of coronary heart disease in women”. Circulation, 122/9: 876-883. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.915165
  • Brand-Miller, Jennie C ve Susan H. A. Holt (1998). “Australian Aboriginal Plant Foods: A Consideration of Their Nutritional Composition and Health Implications”. Nutrition Research Reviews, 11(1): 5-23.
  • Brand-Miller, Jennie C ve Stephen Colagiuri (1994). “The Carnivore Connection: Dietary Carbohydrate in the Evolution of NIDDM”. Diabetologia, 37: 1280-1286.
  • Chang, L Melanie ve April Nowell (2016). “How To Make Stone Soup: Is The “Paleo Diet” a Missed Opportunity for Anthropologists?”. Evolutionary Anthropology, 25: 228-231.
  • Conklin-Brittain NancyLou, Richard W. Wrangham ve Catherine C. Smith (2002). “A Two-Stage Model of Increased Dietary Quality in Early Hominid Evolution: The Role of Fiber”. Human Diet: : Its Origin and Evolution. Peter S. Ungar ve Mark F. Teaford (der) içinde. Connecticut: Bergin & Garvey, Westport, 61-76.
  • Cordain, Loren (2006). “Implications of Plio-Pleistocene Hominin Diets for Modern Humans”. Early Hominin Diets: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable. Peter S. Ungar (der) içinde. UK: Oxford University Press, 363-383.
  • Cordain, Loren, Anthony Sebastian, Neil Mann, Staffan Lindeberg, Bruce A. Watkins, James H O’Keefe ve Janette Brand-Miller (2005). “Origins and Evolution of the Western Diet: Health İmplications for the 21st Century”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81(2): 341- 354.
  • Cordain, Loren, Michael R. Eades ve Mary D. Eades (2003). “Hyperinsulinemic Diseases of Civilization: More Than Just Syndrome X”. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 136(1):95-112.
  • Cordain, Loren, Stanley Boyd Eaton, Jennie C Brand-Miller, Neil J Mann ve Kim R. Hill (2002b). “The Paradoxical Nature of Hunter-gatherer Diets: Meat Based, Yet Non-atherogenic”. Eurepean Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56 (1 Suppl.): 42–52.
  • European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56, Suppl 1, S42–Cordain,Loren (2002a), “ Fatty Acid Analysis of Wild Ruminant Tissues: Evolutionary Implications for Reducing Diet-related Chronic Disease”, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 56, 181–191Cordain, Loren ve diğ. (2001), “Fatty Acid Composition and Energy Density of Foods available to African Hominids: Evolutionary İmplications for human brain development”. World Rev.Nutr.Dİet.90, 144–161.
  • Cordain,Loren, Janette Brand Miller, Stanley Boyd Eaton, Neil Mann, Susanne HA Holt ve John D Speth (2000). “Plant-animal Subsistence ratios and Macronutrient Energy Estimations in Worldwide Hunter-Gatherer Diets”. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71 (3): 682-692.
  • Cordain, Loren, Robert W Gotshall, Stanley Boyd Eaton ve S. Boyd Eaton III (1998). “Physical Activity, Energy Expenditure and Fitness: An Evolutionary Perspective”. International Journal of Sports Medicine; 19(5), 328-335. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-971926
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd ve S. Boyd Eaton III (2002). “Evolution, Diet, and Health”. Human Diet: Its Origin and Evolution. Peter S. Ungar ve Mark F. Teaford (der) içinde. Connecticut: Bergin & Garvey, Westport.7-17.
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd and Melvin Konner (1985). “Paleolithic Nutrition: A Consideration of Its Natureand Current Implications”. New England Journal of Medicine, 312: 283–289. DOI:10.1056/NEJM198501313120505
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd, Melvin Conner ve Marjorie Shostak (1988). “Stone Agers in the Fast Lane: Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Evolutionary Perspective”. American Journal of Medicine 84 (4): 739–749.
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd ve Dorothy A. Nelson (1991). “Calcium in Evolutionary Perspective”. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54(1 Suppl): 281-287. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/54.1.281S.
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd (1992). “Humans, Lipids and Evolution”. Lipids 27: 814–820.
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd, S. Boyd Eaaton III ve,Melvin J. Konner (1997). “Review: Paleolithic Nutrition Revised: A Twelve-Year Retrospective on Its Nature and Implication”. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51: 207-216.
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd ve Loren Cordain, (1997), “Evolutionary aspects of diet: old genes, new fuels. Nutritional changes since agriculture”. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 81:26-37. DOI: 10.1159/000059599
  • EastAgri (2009). Handbook Agribusiness: Sugar Beet White Sugar, https://www.fao.org/3/ae377e/ae377e.pdf 25.01.2024
  • Ekici, Lütfiye, Osman Sağdıç ve Hasan Yetim (2012). “Et tüketimi ve kanser”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(2): 136-145.
  • Haviland, William A.(1994). Human Evolution And Prehistory. Orlando: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
  • Hawks, John, Eric T. Wang, Gregory M. Cochran, ve Robert K. Moyzis (2007). “Recent acceleration of human adaptive evolution”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,104(52): 20753-20758 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707650104
  • Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar Nicholas Kruys ve Thomas Ranius ( 2005). “Ecology of Species Living on Dead Wood – Lessons for Dead Wood Management”. Silva Fennica 39(2): 289-309.
  • Konner, Melvin, Stanley Boyd Eaton (2010). “Paleolithic nutrition: twenty-five years later”. Nutrition of Clinical Practice, 25(6): 594-602.
  • Kiple, Kenneth F (2010). Gezgin Şölen: Gıda Küreselleşmesinin On Bin Yılı. Çev., Nurettin Elhüseyni. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Knight, Christine (2011). “‘Most people are simply not designed to eat pasta’: evolutionary explanations for obesity in the low-carbohydrate diet movement”. Public Understanding of Science. 20 (5): 706-719.
  • Mann, Neil J. (2000). “Dietary lean red meat and human evolution”. European Journal of Nutrition, 39 (2): 71–79. DOI: 10.1007/s003940050005
  • Mann, Neil J. (2018). “A brief history of meat in the human diet and current health implications”. Meat Science 144: 169–179.
  • Melamed, Yoel, Mordechai E. Kislev, Eli Geffen ve Naama Goren-Inbar (2016), “The plant component of an Acheulian diet at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel”. PNAS 113 (51):14674–14679. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607872113
  • Milton, Katharine (1993), “Diet and Primate Evolution”. Scientific American, 269 (2): 86-93.
  • Milton, Katharine (2000). “Back to basics: why foods of wild primates have relevance for modern human health”. Nutrition,16 (7-8): 480-483.
  • Önder. Hazel ve Alev Yüksel-Aydar (2022). “Şekerleme Üretiminde Kullanılan Hammaddeler ve Fonksiyonel Yumuşak Şekerleme Üretimi”, AYDIN GASTRONOMY, 6(1): 65-78.
  • Özbek, Metin (2013). Beslenme Kültürü ve İnsan-Niçin Sağlıksız Besleniyoruz. Ankara: Alter Yayıncılık.
  • Pontzer, Herman ve Brain M Wood (2021). “Effects of Evolution, Ecology, and Economy on Human Diet: Insights from Hunter-Gatherers and Other Small-Scale Societies”. Annual Review of Nutrition 41: 363-385. https:// https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-111120-105520
  • Soylu,Güner,(1980). “Prehistorik Devirlerde Beslenme Sorunu”. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Antropoloji Dergisi 12: 437-450.
  • Ströhle, Alexander ve Andreas Hahn (2011). “Diets of modern hunter-gatherers vary substantially in their carbohydrate content depending on ecoenvironments: results from an ethnographic analysis”. Nutrition Research, 31 (6): 429–435.
  • Turner, Bethany L ve Amanda L. Thompson (2013). “Beyond the Paleolithic prescription: incorporating diversity and flexibility in the study of human diet evolution”. Nutrition Reviews, 71 (8): 501-510.
  • Turnbaugh, William, Robert Jurmain, Harry Nelson, Lynn Kilgore (1999). Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaelogy (7 th edition). USA: West Wadsworth.
  • Wagemakers, Jessie J.M.F., Celia J. Prynne, Alison M. Stephen ve Michael E.J. Wadsworth (2009). “Consumption of red or processed meat does not predict risk factors for coronary heart disease; results from a cohort of British adults in 1989 and 1999”. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63 (3): 303-311. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602954. Epub 2007 Nov 14.
  • Wrangham, Richard (2009). Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human, New York: Basic Books.
  • Zuk, Marlene (2013). Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells Us about Sex, Diet, and How We Live. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Publisher.
  • https://thepaleodiet.com/ 22.09.2023
  • https://www.paleofx.com/07/07/2022
  • https://evrimagaci.org/bizler-halen-avci-toplayici-bedenler-icerisinde-yasayan-modernlesmis-bireyleriz-4955 23.09.2023
  • Sabah (2021). “Paleo diyeti nasıl yapılır, faydaları nelerdir? Paleo diyeti örnek menü listesi” https://www.sabah.com.tr/saglik/2021/02/15/paleo-diyeti-nedir-nasil-yapilir-paleo-diyeti-ornek-menu-listesi-s1
  • Posta (2022). “Paleo diyetiyle zayıflayan ünlüler”, https://www.posta.com.tr/galeri/paleo-diyetiyle-zayiflayan-unluler-2333299/1
  • Cumhuriyet (2023). “Mağara insanı’ gibi beslenin! Paleo diyeti nedir?”, https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/saglik/magara-insani-gibi-beslenin-paleo-diyeti-nedir-2112808
  • Cumhuriyet (2023). “Ünlüler bu diyetle fit kalıyor! Pegan diyeti nedir, nasıl yapılır?” https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/yasam/unluler-bu-diyetle-fit-kaliyor-pegan-diyeti-nedir-nasil-yapilir-2120244
  • Thrivemarket (2023). “8 Stars Whose Bodies Totally Transformed When They Went Paleo”, https://thrivemarket.com/blog/8-stars-whose-bodies-totally-transformed-when-they-went-paleo
  • Global Confectionery Market Report (2019). Confectionery Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Type(Chocolate, Sugar and Gums) and Distribution Channel (Hypermarket/Supermarket, Convenience Stores, Departmental Storesand Online Retails) and Regional Forecast. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/ industry-reports/confectionery-market-100542
  • The Paleo Diet (2023). The Natural Human Diet, https://thepaleodiet.com/why-paleo/ Erişim tarihi: 28.02.2024
  • Food Dive (2023). Large-Scale Study Finds The Paleo Diet Healthier than Mediterranean, Plant-Based, and DASH Diets, https://www.fooddive.com/press-release/20230307-large-scale-study-finds-the-paleo-diet-healthier-than-mediterranean-plant/ Erişim tarihi: 28.02.2024
  • Hellomagazine (2014). “The Paleo Diet: the celebs who love it and why”, https://www.hellomagazine.com/cuisine/2014022817163/about-paleo-diet-recipes/ Erişim tarihi: 28.02.2024

Popüler Bir Konu Olarak Paleo Diyete Eleştirel Bakmak

Yıl 2024, , 165 - 191, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1431307

Öz

Son yıllarda beslenme ve diyet konusu oldukça popüler hale gelmiştir. Paleo diyeti, 2.5 milyon ile 10 bin yıl önceye kadar olan Paleolitik Çağın beslenme modelini örnekleyen bir yaklaşımdır. Bu diyet, modern tarım devriminden önceki döneme odaklanarak, Paleolitik Çağ insanlarının beslenme alışkanlıklarını temel alır. Paleo diyeti, günlük gazetelerden kitaplara kadar birçok platformda sıkça önerilmekte ve sağlık ile beslenme alışkanlıkları arasındaki ilişkinin hassasiyeti nedeniyle popülerlik kazanmaktadır.
Paleo diyetinin popülerliğiyle orantılı olarak, bu diyetin olanakları ve olabilirliği konusunda iki farklı görüş arasında hararetli tartışmalar yaşanmaktadır. Paleo diyetini destekleyen araştırmacılar, genetik ve anatomik yapılarımızın Paleolitik Çağlardan bu yana neredeyse değişmediğini savunmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, Paleo diyetinin insanların genetik yapılarına daha uygun olduğunu iddia ederler. Diğer taraftan, bu görüşe karşı çıkan araştırmacılar, tarımın gelişimi ve besin işleme tekniklerindeki değişikliklerin Paleo diyetinin taklit edilmesini zorlaştırdığını belirtirler.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, her geçen gün popülerliği artan Paleo diyetinin vaatlerini, arkeolojik ve antropolojik bakış açılarıyla incelemektir. Bu kapsamda, mevcut literatür taranacak ve bilimsel bilgiler eşliğinde Paleo diyetin tanımı yapılacak ve bu diyetin olanakları ve olabilirliği üzerine bir tartışma yürütülecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Arsebük, Güven (2012). Uzak Geçmişimize Dair Okumalar. İstanbul: Ege Yayınları.
  • Bedford, Jennifer L. ve Susan I Barr (2005). “Diets and selected lifestyle practices of self-defined adult vegetarians from a population-based sample suggest they are more 'health conscious'”. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2(4): 1-11.
  • Ben-Dor Miki, Avi Gopher, Israel Hershkovitz ve Ran Barkai (2011). “Man the Fat Hunter: The Demise of Homo erectus and the Emergence of a New Hominin Lineage in the Middle Pleistocene (ca. 400 kyr) Levant”. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28689. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028689
  • Ben-Dor, Miki (2018). “How carnivorous are we? The implication for protein consumption”. Journal of Evolution and Health An Ancestral Health Society Publication, 3(1): Article 10. DOI:10.15310/2334-3591.1096
  • Bernstein, Adam M ve Qi Sun, Frank B Hu, Meir J Stampfer, JoAnn E Manson ve Walter C Willett (2010). “Major dietary protein sources and risk of coronary heart disease in women”. Circulation, 122/9: 876-883. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.915165
  • Brand-Miller, Jennie C ve Susan H. A. Holt (1998). “Australian Aboriginal Plant Foods: A Consideration of Their Nutritional Composition and Health Implications”. Nutrition Research Reviews, 11(1): 5-23.
  • Brand-Miller, Jennie C ve Stephen Colagiuri (1994). “The Carnivore Connection: Dietary Carbohydrate in the Evolution of NIDDM”. Diabetologia, 37: 1280-1286.
  • Chang, L Melanie ve April Nowell (2016). “How To Make Stone Soup: Is The “Paleo Diet” a Missed Opportunity for Anthropologists?”. Evolutionary Anthropology, 25: 228-231.
  • Conklin-Brittain NancyLou, Richard W. Wrangham ve Catherine C. Smith (2002). “A Two-Stage Model of Increased Dietary Quality in Early Hominid Evolution: The Role of Fiber”. Human Diet: : Its Origin and Evolution. Peter S. Ungar ve Mark F. Teaford (der) içinde. Connecticut: Bergin & Garvey, Westport, 61-76.
  • Cordain, Loren (2006). “Implications of Plio-Pleistocene Hominin Diets for Modern Humans”. Early Hominin Diets: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable. Peter S. Ungar (der) içinde. UK: Oxford University Press, 363-383.
  • Cordain, Loren, Anthony Sebastian, Neil Mann, Staffan Lindeberg, Bruce A. Watkins, James H O’Keefe ve Janette Brand-Miller (2005). “Origins and Evolution of the Western Diet: Health İmplications for the 21st Century”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81(2): 341- 354.
  • Cordain, Loren, Michael R. Eades ve Mary D. Eades (2003). “Hyperinsulinemic Diseases of Civilization: More Than Just Syndrome X”. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 136(1):95-112.
  • Cordain, Loren, Stanley Boyd Eaton, Jennie C Brand-Miller, Neil J Mann ve Kim R. Hill (2002b). “The Paradoxical Nature of Hunter-gatherer Diets: Meat Based, Yet Non-atherogenic”. Eurepean Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56 (1 Suppl.): 42–52.
  • European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56, Suppl 1, S42–Cordain,Loren (2002a), “ Fatty Acid Analysis of Wild Ruminant Tissues: Evolutionary Implications for Reducing Diet-related Chronic Disease”, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 56, 181–191Cordain, Loren ve diğ. (2001), “Fatty Acid Composition and Energy Density of Foods available to African Hominids: Evolutionary İmplications for human brain development”. World Rev.Nutr.Dİet.90, 144–161.
  • Cordain,Loren, Janette Brand Miller, Stanley Boyd Eaton, Neil Mann, Susanne HA Holt ve John D Speth (2000). “Plant-animal Subsistence ratios and Macronutrient Energy Estimations in Worldwide Hunter-Gatherer Diets”. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71 (3): 682-692.
  • Cordain, Loren, Robert W Gotshall, Stanley Boyd Eaton ve S. Boyd Eaton III (1998). “Physical Activity, Energy Expenditure and Fitness: An Evolutionary Perspective”. International Journal of Sports Medicine; 19(5), 328-335. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-971926
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd ve S. Boyd Eaton III (2002). “Evolution, Diet, and Health”. Human Diet: Its Origin and Evolution. Peter S. Ungar ve Mark F. Teaford (der) içinde. Connecticut: Bergin & Garvey, Westport.7-17.
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd and Melvin Konner (1985). “Paleolithic Nutrition: A Consideration of Its Natureand Current Implications”. New England Journal of Medicine, 312: 283–289. DOI:10.1056/NEJM198501313120505
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd, Melvin Conner ve Marjorie Shostak (1988). “Stone Agers in the Fast Lane: Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Evolutionary Perspective”. American Journal of Medicine 84 (4): 739–749.
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd ve Dorothy A. Nelson (1991). “Calcium in Evolutionary Perspective”. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54(1 Suppl): 281-287. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/54.1.281S.
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd (1992). “Humans, Lipids and Evolution”. Lipids 27: 814–820.
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd, S. Boyd Eaaton III ve,Melvin J. Konner (1997). “Review: Paleolithic Nutrition Revised: A Twelve-Year Retrospective on Its Nature and Implication”. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51: 207-216.
  • Eaton, Stanley Boyd ve Loren Cordain, (1997), “Evolutionary aspects of diet: old genes, new fuels. Nutritional changes since agriculture”. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 81:26-37. DOI: 10.1159/000059599
  • EastAgri (2009). Handbook Agribusiness: Sugar Beet White Sugar, https://www.fao.org/3/ae377e/ae377e.pdf 25.01.2024
  • Ekici, Lütfiye, Osman Sağdıç ve Hasan Yetim (2012). “Et tüketimi ve kanser”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(2): 136-145.
  • Haviland, William A.(1994). Human Evolution And Prehistory. Orlando: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
  • Hawks, John, Eric T. Wang, Gregory M. Cochran, ve Robert K. Moyzis (2007). “Recent acceleration of human adaptive evolution”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,104(52): 20753-20758 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707650104
  • Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar Nicholas Kruys ve Thomas Ranius ( 2005). “Ecology of Species Living on Dead Wood – Lessons for Dead Wood Management”. Silva Fennica 39(2): 289-309.
  • Konner, Melvin, Stanley Boyd Eaton (2010). “Paleolithic nutrition: twenty-five years later”. Nutrition of Clinical Practice, 25(6): 594-602.
  • Kiple, Kenneth F (2010). Gezgin Şölen: Gıda Küreselleşmesinin On Bin Yılı. Çev., Nurettin Elhüseyni. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Knight, Christine (2011). “‘Most people are simply not designed to eat pasta’: evolutionary explanations for obesity in the low-carbohydrate diet movement”. Public Understanding of Science. 20 (5): 706-719.
  • Mann, Neil J. (2000). “Dietary lean red meat and human evolution”. European Journal of Nutrition, 39 (2): 71–79. DOI: 10.1007/s003940050005
  • Mann, Neil J. (2018). “A brief history of meat in the human diet and current health implications”. Meat Science 144: 169–179.
  • Melamed, Yoel, Mordechai E. Kislev, Eli Geffen ve Naama Goren-Inbar (2016), “The plant component of an Acheulian diet at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel”. PNAS 113 (51):14674–14679. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607872113
  • Milton, Katharine (1993), “Diet and Primate Evolution”. Scientific American, 269 (2): 86-93.
  • Milton, Katharine (2000). “Back to basics: why foods of wild primates have relevance for modern human health”. Nutrition,16 (7-8): 480-483.
  • Önder. Hazel ve Alev Yüksel-Aydar (2022). “Şekerleme Üretiminde Kullanılan Hammaddeler ve Fonksiyonel Yumuşak Şekerleme Üretimi”, AYDIN GASTRONOMY, 6(1): 65-78.
  • Özbek, Metin (2013). Beslenme Kültürü ve İnsan-Niçin Sağlıksız Besleniyoruz. Ankara: Alter Yayıncılık.
  • Pontzer, Herman ve Brain M Wood (2021). “Effects of Evolution, Ecology, and Economy on Human Diet: Insights from Hunter-Gatherers and Other Small-Scale Societies”. Annual Review of Nutrition 41: 363-385. https:// https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-nutr-111120-105520
  • Soylu,Güner,(1980). “Prehistorik Devirlerde Beslenme Sorunu”. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi Antropoloji Dergisi 12: 437-450.
  • Ströhle, Alexander ve Andreas Hahn (2011). “Diets of modern hunter-gatherers vary substantially in their carbohydrate content depending on ecoenvironments: results from an ethnographic analysis”. Nutrition Research, 31 (6): 429–435.
  • Turner, Bethany L ve Amanda L. Thompson (2013). “Beyond the Paleolithic prescription: incorporating diversity and flexibility in the study of human diet evolution”. Nutrition Reviews, 71 (8): 501-510.
  • Turnbaugh, William, Robert Jurmain, Harry Nelson, Lynn Kilgore (1999). Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaelogy (7 th edition). USA: West Wadsworth.
  • Wagemakers, Jessie J.M.F., Celia J. Prynne, Alison M. Stephen ve Michael E.J. Wadsworth (2009). “Consumption of red or processed meat does not predict risk factors for coronary heart disease; results from a cohort of British adults in 1989 and 1999”. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63 (3): 303-311. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602954. Epub 2007 Nov 14.
  • Wrangham, Richard (2009). Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human, New York: Basic Books.
  • Zuk, Marlene (2013). Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells Us about Sex, Diet, and How We Live. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Publisher.
  • https://thepaleodiet.com/ 22.09.2023
  • https://www.paleofx.com/07/07/2022
  • https://evrimagaci.org/bizler-halen-avci-toplayici-bedenler-icerisinde-yasayan-modernlesmis-bireyleriz-4955 23.09.2023
  • Sabah (2021). “Paleo diyeti nasıl yapılır, faydaları nelerdir? Paleo diyeti örnek menü listesi” https://www.sabah.com.tr/saglik/2021/02/15/paleo-diyeti-nedir-nasil-yapilir-paleo-diyeti-ornek-menu-listesi-s1
  • Posta (2022). “Paleo diyetiyle zayıflayan ünlüler”, https://www.posta.com.tr/galeri/paleo-diyetiyle-zayiflayan-unluler-2333299/1
  • Cumhuriyet (2023). “Mağara insanı’ gibi beslenin! Paleo diyeti nedir?”, https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/saglik/magara-insani-gibi-beslenin-paleo-diyeti-nedir-2112808
  • Cumhuriyet (2023). “Ünlüler bu diyetle fit kalıyor! Pegan diyeti nedir, nasıl yapılır?” https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/yasam/unluler-bu-diyetle-fit-kaliyor-pegan-diyeti-nedir-nasil-yapilir-2120244
  • Thrivemarket (2023). “8 Stars Whose Bodies Totally Transformed When They Went Paleo”, https://thrivemarket.com/blog/8-stars-whose-bodies-totally-transformed-when-they-went-paleo
  • Global Confectionery Market Report (2019). Confectionery Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Type(Chocolate, Sugar and Gums) and Distribution Channel (Hypermarket/Supermarket, Convenience Stores, Departmental Storesand Online Retails) and Regional Forecast. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/ industry-reports/confectionery-market-100542
  • The Paleo Diet (2023). The Natural Human Diet, https://thepaleodiet.com/why-paleo/ Erişim tarihi: 28.02.2024
  • Food Dive (2023). Large-Scale Study Finds The Paleo Diet Healthier than Mediterranean, Plant-Based, and DASH Diets, https://www.fooddive.com/press-release/20230307-large-scale-study-finds-the-paleo-diet-healthier-than-mediterranean-plant/ Erişim tarihi: 28.02.2024
  • Hellomagazine (2014). “The Paleo Diet: the celebs who love it and why”, https://www.hellomagazine.com/cuisine/2014022817163/about-paleo-diet-recipes/ Erişim tarihi: 28.02.2024
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Antropoloji (Diğer), Sosyal ve Kültürel Antropoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Evun Okumuş 0009-0007-8636-9384

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 8 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Okumuş, E. (2024). Popüler Bir Konu Olarak Paleo Diyete Eleştirel Bakmak. Kültür Ve İletişim, 27(53), 165-191. https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1431307