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“Nerdesin Eski Türkiyemmm”: Bir Karşı-Mağduriyet Söylemi Olarak Yitirilmiş Rejim Nostaljisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 55, 103 - 144, 28.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1478228

Öz

Nostalji literatürü yaygın olarak, radikal değişim dönemlerinde, daha sabit, sakin ve mutlu algılanan bir geçmiş imgesine yönelik özlemin, yani kolektif nostaljinin arttığını varsayar. Türkiye’nin özellikle son on yılda bu tarz bir kökten dönüşüm geçirdiği ileri sürülebilir. Bu süreç, “Eski-Yeni Türkiye” karşıtlığında vücut bulan, kutuplaşmayı artırıcı, politik bir söyleme de dönüşmüştür. Eski Türkiye’yi “altın çağ” olarak görenler için bu dönemin popüler kültürü, iyileştirici, bugünden kaçışı sağlayan bir işlev edinmektedir. Şüphesiz bu durum, nostaljinin bir “duygu” olarak sadece olumlu olana yönelmesiyle ilgilidir. Bu çalışma, “Eski-Yeni Türkiye” gerilimini, “yitirilmiş rejim nostaljisi” kavramı bağlamında, Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdayss) adlı Instagram hesabı üzerinden okumayı hedeflemektedir. Paylaşımlar incelendiğinde, yitirilmiş rejim nostaljisi (geçmişi yüceltme), geçmiş ile bugünü kıyaslama, iç-şarkiyatçılık ve bastırılmış hıncı dolayımlama temalarının baskın olduğu görülmektedir.

Kaynakça

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  • Androutsopoulos, J. (2013). “Online Data Collection”. Data Collection in Sociolinguistics: Methods and Applications. C. Mallinson, B. Childs, & G. V. Herk (Der.) içinde. Routledge. 236–249. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203136065
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  • Arslan, Can (2024). “Güzel Günler Mazide Kaldı: 2000’ler Nostaljisi”. https://birikimdergisi.com/guncel/11821/guzel-gunler-mazide-kaldi-2000-ler-nostaljisi. Erişim tarihi: 28.08.2024.
  • Aydeniz, Sema (2023). Yeni Medya Çağında Nostalji: Bir Bellek Mekânı Olarak Old Laik Days. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Barlas, Mehmet (2014). “Yeni Türki’yi eski bilgilerle anlayamayız”. https://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/barlas/2014/05/21/yeni-turkiyeyi-eski-bilgilerle-anlayamayiz. 21 Mayıs 214. Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2021
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“Where are you my old Turkeyyy”: Nostalgia for a Lost Country as a Counter-Victimization Discourse

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 55, 103 - 144, 28.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1478228

Öz

The literature on nostalgia agrees with the assumption that drastic changes nurture feelings of longing, namely collective nostalgia, towards a stable, calm and happy past perceived as such. It can be asserted that Turkiye has passed through such a deep transformation in the last decade. This transformation, embodied in the concepts of “Old-New Turkiye” in daily language, is also used as a political discourse that increases polarization. This study aims at tackling the “Old–New Turkiye” discourse within the concept of “nostalgia for a lost country (ex regime)”, by examining the Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdayss) Instagram account. The results indicate that the reiterating themes are nostalgia for a lost country (comparison of the old and the new), glorification of the past, self-orientalism and mediation of repressed resentment.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkel, Fethi (1996). “Kutsal Mazlumluğun Psikopatolojisi”. Toplum ve Bilim, 70: 153-198.
  • Ahıska, Meltem (2003). “Occidentalism: The Historical Fantasy of the Modern”. The South Atlantic Quarterly, 102 (2 / 3): 351-379.
  • Angé, Olivia. ve Berliner, David (der.) (2015). Anthropology and Nostalgia. NY, Oxford: Berghahn.
  • Androutsopoulos, J. (2013). “Online Data Collection”. Data Collection in Sociolinguistics: Methods and Applications. C. Mallinson, B. Childs, & G. V. Herk (Der.) içinde. Routledge. 236–249. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203136065
  • Aslan, Senem (2016). “Piety, Intimacy, and Emotions: Political Symbolism of the AKP Government”. Pomeps Studies, 22: 24-28. https://pomeps.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/POMEPS_Studies_22_Turkish_Politics_Web.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 10.04. 2024.
  • Arslan, Can (2024). “Güzel Günler Mazide Kaldı: 2000’ler Nostaljisi”. https://birikimdergisi.com/guncel/11821/guzel-gunler-mazide-kaldi-2000-ler-nostaljisi. Erişim tarihi: 28.08.2024.
  • Aydeniz, Sema (2023). Yeni Medya Çağında Nostalji: Bir Bellek Mekânı Olarak Old Laik Days. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Barlas, Mehmet (2014). “Yeni Türki’yi eski bilgilerle anlayamayız”. https://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/barlas/2014/05/21/yeni-turkiyeyi-eski-bilgilerle-anlayamayiz. 21 Mayıs 214. Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2021
  • Barlas, Mehmet (2020). “Yeni Türkiye’nin ağırlığı hesap edilmeden bu bölgede siyaset yapılamaz”. https://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/barlas/2020/12/09/yeni-turkiyenin-agirligi-hesap-edilmeden-bu-bolgede-siyaset-yapilamaz. 9 Aralık 2020. Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2021.
  • Başaran-İnce, Gökçen (2014). Domatesi Çiçek Sananlar: İç-Şarkiyatçılık, Erken Cumhuriyet Basını ve Kürtler, İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Bauman, Zygmunt (2018). Retrotopya. Çev.Ali Karatay. İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Batcho, Kyristine Irene (1995). “Nostalgia: A Psychological Perspective”. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 80: 131-143.
  • Batcho, Kyristine Irene (1998). “Personal Nostalgia, World View, Memory, And Emotionality”. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 87: 411-432.
  • Batcho, Kyristine Irene (2007). “Nostalgia and the emotional tone and content of song lyrics”. The American Journal of Psychology, 120 (3): 361-381.
  • Batuman, Bülent (2018). New Islamist Architecture and Urbanism, Negotiating Nation and Islam through Built Environment in Turkey. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bennett, Julia (2015). “Narrating family histories: Negotiating identity and belonging through tropes of nostalgia and authenticity”. Current Sociology, 66(3): 449-465. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392115578984.
  • Berliner, David (2015). “Are Anthropologists Nostalgist?”. Anthropology and Nostalgia Olivia Angé ve David Berliner (der.) içinde. NY, Oxford: Berghahn. 17-34.
  • Bora, T. (2016). “Yeni Türkiye”. https://birikimdergisi.com/haftalik/7718/yeni-turkiye. 7 Haziran 2016. Erişim tarihi: 16.10.2021.
  • Bora, Tanıl (2017). Cereyanlar: Türkiye’de Siyasi İdeolojiler. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Boym, Svetlana (2007). “Nostalgia and its discontents”. The Hedgehog Review, 9 (2): 7-18.
  • Boym, Svetlana (2009) Nostaljinin Geleceği. Çev. Ferit Burak Aydar. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Brown, Andrew ve Humphreys, Michael (2002). “Nostalgia and the Narrativization of Identity: A Turkish Case Study”. British Journal of Management, 13: 141–159.
  • Çevik, Senem (2020). ): The Empire Strikes Back: Propagating AKP’s Ottoman Empire Narrative on Turkish Television. Middle East Critique, DOI: 10.1080/19436149.2020.1732031
  • Çınar, Reyhan Ünal (2020). Ecdadın İcadı: AKP İktidarında Bellek Mücadelesi. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Cross, Gary (2018). Tüketilen Nostalji, Hızlı Kapitalizm Çağında Hatıralar. Çev: Eren Turan. İstanbul: TheKitap Yayınları.
  • Davis, Fred (1977). “Nostalgia, Identity and the Current Nostalgia Wave”. Journal of Popular Culture, onlinelibrary.wiley.com, Erişim tarihi: 10.01.2021
  • Davis, Fred (1979). Yearning for Yesterday: A Sociology of Nostalgia. New York and London: The Free Press.
  • Dede, Kadir ve Çoruk, Elifcan (2020).” ‘Eski’ ve ‘Yeni’ Türkiye Arasinda Özal Nostaljisi”. Moment, 7(1): 5-27.
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  • Dwyer, Michael. D (2015). Back to Fifties Nostalgia, Hollywood Film, and Popular Music of the Seventies and Eighties (Oxford Music/Media Series). New York: Oxford University Press.
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  • Ewen, Neil (2020). “Talk to Each Other Like It’s 1995: Mapping Nostalgia for the 1990s in Contemporary Media Culture”. Television & New Media, 21(6): 574–580.
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  • Havlena, William. J. ve Holak, Susan. L (1991). “The good old days. Observations on nostalgia and its role in consumer behaviour.” Advances in Consumer Research, 18: 323-329.
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  • Huyssen, Andreas (2003). Present Pasts: Urban Palimpsests and the Politics of Memory. Stanford and California: Stanford University Press.
  • Huyssen, Andreas (2006). “Nostalgia for Ruins”. Grey Room, 23: 6-21.
  • İnce, Devrim (2015). “Televizyon Haberlerinde Garbiyatçılık: TRT Örneği”. Journal of Yasar University, 10 (38): 6478-6554.
  • Jameson, Frederick (1991). Postmodernism or the cultural logic of late capitalism. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Kalinina, Ekaterina (2016). “What Do We Talk About When We Talk About Media and Nostalgia?”. Medien& Zeit, 31(4): 6-15.
  • Keller, Mario (2016). “Experienced Mood and Commodified Mode, Forms of nostalgia in the television commercials of Manner”. Medien& Zeit, 31(4): 61-72.
  • Lasch, Christopher. 1990. “Memory and Nostalgia, Gratitude and Pathos”. Salmagundi, 85/86: 18-26.
  • Lau, Lisa (2009). Re-orientalism: The Perpetration and Development of Orientalism by Orientals. Modern Asia Studies, 43(2):571-590.
  • Lee, M. (2011). Nostalgia as a Feature of "Glocalization": Use of the Past in Post-Soviet Russia. Post-Soviet Affairs, 27(2), 158-177. doi: 10.2747/1060-586X.27.2.158
  • Lie, J. (2001). Ruth Benedict’s Legacy of Shame: Orientalism and Occidentalism in the Study of Japan. Asian Journal of Social Science, 29(2): 249-261.
  • Lowenthal, David (1985). The Past is a Foreing Country. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lowenthal, David (2015). The Past is a Foreing Country Revisited. Cambride: Cambridge University Press.
  • Maier, Charles (1999). “The End of Longing? Notes toward a History of Postwar German National Longing”. The Postwar Transformation of Germany, John S. Brady ve Ann Arbor (der.) içinde, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 225-240.
  • Margalit, Avishai (2011). “Nostalgia”. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 21: 271–280.
  • Menke, Manuel ve Schwarzenegger, Christian (2016). “Media, Communication and Nostalgia Finding a better tomorrow in the yesterday?”. Medien& Zeit, 31(4): 2-6.
  • Menke, Manuel (2017). “Seeking Comfort in Past Media: Modeling Media Nostalgia as a Way of Coping with Media Change”. International Journal of Communication, 11: 626-646.
  • Milliyet, 2014. “Gazeteci-yazar Yıldıray Oğur “Yeni Türkiye” kavramını anlattı https://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/istanbul/gazeteci-yazar-yildiray-ogur-yeni-turkiye-kavramini-anlatti-10509727.6 Haziran 2014. Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2022.
  • Mills, Marie. A. ve Coleman, Peter. G (1994). “Nostalgic memories in dementia. A case study”. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 38 (3), 203-219.
  • Niemeyer, Katharina (der.) (2014). Media and Nostalgia, Yearning for the Past, Present and Future. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Niemeyer, Katharina. 2014. “Introduction”. Media and Nostalgia, Yearning for the Past, Present and Future. Katharina Niemeyer (der.) içinde. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 1-27.
  • Niemeyer, Katharina ve Keightley, Emily (2020). “The commodification of time and memory: Online communities and the dynamics of commercially produced nostalgia”. New Media & Society, 22(9): 1639-1662.
  • Nguyen, D. (2021). “Dialect Variation on Social Media.” Similar Languages, Varieties, and Dialects. M. Zampieri & P. Nakov (der.) içinde. Cambridge University Press. 204–218.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2020). Ağır Roman. Instagram video, 28 Haziran 2020.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2020). Kibar Feyzo. Instagram video, 1 Temmuz 2020.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2020). Cem Uzan. Instagram video, 18 Kasım 2020.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2020). Troy Birası, Instgram video, Aralık 16, 2020.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2020). Takva, Instagram video. 16 Aralık 2020.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2020). Nez, Sakın Ha, Instagram video. 25 Aralık 2020.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2021). Adnan Şenses, Instagram video]. 8 Ocak 2021.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2021). Ankara Birası, Instagram fotoğrafı. 28 Ocak 2021.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2021). Ahmet Necdet Sezer. Instagram videosu, 31Ocak 2021.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2021). İstiklal Caddesi-2002. Instagram fotoğrafı, 17 Şubat 2021.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdays) (2022). Ahmet Necdet Sezer. Instagram video, 27 Aralık 2022.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdayss) (2023). 1957 yılında Taksim Meydanı ve İstiklal Caddesi. İnstagram video. 22 Ekim 2023.
  • Old Laik Day (@oldlaikdayss) (2024). Sokağa çıkma yasağı uygulanarak gerçekleşen 1993 nüfus sayımı. İnstagram video. 28 Ocak 2024.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdayss) (2024). Istiklal Caddesi. İnstagram fotoğraf. 2 Mart 2024.
  • Old Laik Days (@oldlaikdayss) (2024). 29 yıl önce İstiklal Caddesi. İnstagram video. 23 Mart 2024.
  • Onaran, Burak (2022). “New Histories for a New Turkey: The First Battle of Kut (1916) and the Reshaping of the Ottoman Past”. The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Turkey. Pierre Hecker, Ivo Furman, Kaya Akyıldız (der.) içinde. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 209-225
  • Ongur, Ovunc Hakan (2015). “Identifying Ottomanisms: The Discursive Evolution of Ottoman Pasts in the Turkish Presents. Middle Eastern Studies. 51(3): 416-432. DOI:10.1080/00263206.2014.976622
  • Onur, Petek (2022). “The Politics of Nostalgia: The New Urban Culture in Ankara’s Historic Neighbourhoods”. The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Turkey. Pierre Hecker, Ivo Furman, Kaya Akyıldız (der.) içinde. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 253-277.
  • Orhon, Göze (2020). “Modernlikten kaçış: Kolektif nostalji ve Yeni Türkiye’nin toprağa dönenleri”. Toplum ve Bilim. 151: 30-48.
  • Özdemirci, İlbey.C.N (2022). Fötr Şapkalı Şıh: Cumhuriyet Sekülerleşmesi ve Taşra. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Özmen, Erdoğan (2024). “Mağduriyet ve Hınç Toplumu”. Toplum ve Bilim. 167: 117-121.
  • Özyürek, Esra (2006). Nostalgia for the Modern: State Secularism and Everyday Politics in Turkey. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
  • Patton, M. (2002). “Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry”. Qualitative Social Work, 1(3), 261-283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325002001003636
  • Pickering, Michael ve Keightley, Emily (2006). “The Modalities of Nostalgia”. Current Sociology, 54(6): 919-941. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392106068458.
  • Pierson, David (2014). “AMC’s Mad Men and the Politics of Nostalgia”. Media and Nostalgia Yearning for the Past, Present and Future. Katharina Niemeyer (der.) içinde. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 139-152.
  • Said, Edward (2003). Şarkiyatçılık, Batı’nın Şark Anlayışları. Çev: Berna Ülner. İstanbul: Metis.
  • Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Arndt, J., Routledge, C (2008a). “Nostalgia: Past, Present, and Future”. Association for Psychological Science, 17(5): 304-307.
  • Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Gaertner, L., Routledge, C., & Arndt, J (2008b). “Nostalgia as enabler of self-continuity”. Self-continuity: Individual and Collective Perspectives Fabio Sani (der) içinde. New York: Psychology Press. 227-239.
  • Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Hepper, E. G. & Zhou, X (2015). “To nostalgize: Mixing memory with affect and desire”. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 51: 189-273.
  • Scheler, Max (2004). Hınç (Ressentiment). Çev.A. Yılmaz. Kanat Kitap: İstanbul.
  • Schwarz, Ori (2009). “Good Young Nostalgia, Camera phones and technologies of self among Israeli youths”. Journal of Consumer Culture, 9(3): 348–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/14695405093420.
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  • Sweeney, Paula (2020). “Nostalgia reconsidered”. Ratio, 33: 184–190.
  • Tannock, Stuart (1995). “Nostalgia Critique”. Cultural Studies, 9 (3): 453–464.
  • Tokdoğan, Nagehan (2020). Yeni Osmanlıcılık: Hınç, Nostalji, Narsisizm. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Yavuz, Hakan (2020). Nostalgia for the Empire, The Politics of Neo-Ottomanism. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Yılmaz, Zafer (2017). “The AKP and the spirit of the ‘new’ Turkey: imagined victim, reactionary mood, and resentful sovereign”. Turkish Studies, 18:3, 482-513. DOI:10.1080/14683849.2017.1314763
  • Vess, M., Arndt, J., Routledge, C., Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T (2012). “Nostalgia as a Resource for the Self”. Self and Identity, 11(3): 273–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2010.521452.
  • Vicente, P. (2023). “Sampling Twitter users for social science research: Evidence from a systematic review of the literature”. Quality & Quantity. 57(6): 5449 5489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-023-01615-w
  • White, Jenny (2014). Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  • Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Arndt, J., & Routledge, C.D (2006). “Nostalgia: Content, triggers, functions”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(5): 975–993.
  • Wildschut, T., Bruder, M., Robertson, S., van Tilburg W., Sedikides, C. (2014). “Collective Nostalgia: A Group-Level Emotion That Confers Unique Benefits on the Group”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107 (5): 844-863.
  • Williams, H. ve Conway, M. (2015). “Otobiyografik Anı Ağları”. Çeviren: Yonca Aşçı. Zihinde ve Kültürde Bellek. Pascal Boyer ve James V. Wertsch (der.) içinde. İş Bankası Kültür Yay. İstanbul: Türkiye. 43-79.
  • Winter, Jay (2006). Remembering War: The Great War and Historical Memory in the Twentieth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Wulf, Tim, Rieger, Diana ve Schmit, Josephine (2018). “Blissed by the past: Theorizing media-induced nostalgia as an audience response factor for entertainment and well-being”. Poetics, 69, 70-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2018.04.001.
Toplam 105 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyal Medya Çalışmaları, Kültür, Temsil ve Kimlik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gökçen Başaran İnce 0000-0002-3114-001X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 55

Kaynak Göster

APA Başaran İnce, G. (2025). “Nerdesin Eski Türkiyemmm”: Bir Karşı-Mağduriyet Söylemi Olarak Yitirilmiş Rejim Nostaljisi. Kültür Ve İletişim, 28(55), 103-144. https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1478228