Araştırma Makalesi
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Nostalgia. It's Delicate… but potent" - The Transformation of Advertising in the 1960s: The Case of Mad Men

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 56, 356 - 395, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1598706

Öz

The 1960s represent a period in advertising known as the “creative revolution,” characterized by a transition from lengthy written texts to a balanced use of concise copy and visuals. This study critically examines this transformation through the television series Mad Men and analyzes the interplay among communication, culture, and consumer behavior.
Drawing on case study and content analysis methods, the research demonstrates that advertising in the 1960s was largely built upon intuition, creativity, and the establishment of emotional connections with consumers. The absence of advanced data and technological tools directed advertisers toward reliance on intuitive and creative strategies.
The findings reveal a shift from product-oriented marketing to a strategic structure addressing consumers’ identity, status, and value pursuits. This transformation developed in parallel with social and cultural change, fostering brand loyalty and turning products into symbols of social identity.
In conclusion, the study highlights how pre-digital strategies laid the groundwork for contemporary advertising and emphasizes that advertising functions not only as an economic activity but also as a practice shaping social values.

Kaynakça

  • Aaker, D. A. (1996). Building strong brands. New York: The Free Press.
  • Agirre, K. (2014). "Am I supposed to say how shocked I was?" Audience responses to Mad Men. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 17(6), 631-646. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549414544115
  • Berger, W. (2004). Advertising today. London ve New York: Phaidon Press.
  • Booker, M. K., & Batchelor, B. (2023). Mad Men: A cultural history. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Buzzanell: M., & D'Enbeau:(2013). Explicating creativity and design: The nature and meaningfulness of work in Mad Men. Western Journal of Communication, 77(1), 54-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2012.742558
  • Cracknell, A. (2012). The Real Mad Men: The Remarkable True Story of Madison Avenue's Golden Age. London: Hachette UK.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • D'Alessandro, D. F. (2001). Brand warfare: Ten rules for building the killer brand. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • de Groot, J. (2011). ‘Perpetually dividing and suturing the past and present’: Mad Men and the illusions of history. Rethinking History, 15(2), 269-285. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642529.2011.564833
  • Eckhardt, G., & Arvidsson, A. (2015). Ad agencies. Consumption Markets & Culture, 19(2), 167–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2015.1079960
  • Eysenbach, G., & Köhler, C. (2002). How do consumers search for and appraise health information on the world wide web? Qualitative study using focus groups, usability tests, and in-depth interviews. BMJ, 324(7337), 573–577. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7337.573
  • Fox:R. (1984). The mirror makers: A history of American advertising and its creators. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Frank, T. (1997). The conquest of cool: Business culture, counterculture, and the rise of hip consumerism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Gobe, M. (2010). Emotional branding: The new paradigm for connecting brands to people. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Goodlad, L. M., Kaganovsky, L., & Rushing, R. A. (2013). Mad Men, mad world: Sex, politics, style, and the 1960s. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Greyser:A., & Bauer, R. A. (1966). Americans and Advertising: Thirty Years of Public Opinion. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 30(1), 69–78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2747371
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.) içinde. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. 105–163
  • Gutiérrez-Martínez, B. (2020). Advertising Seduction in Mad Men. Fonseca, Journal of Communication, 20, 181-200. https://doi.org/10.14201/fjc202020181200
  • Holt, D. B. (2004). How brands become icons: The principles of cultural branding. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
  • Jones, J. P. (1992). How much is enough? Getting the most from your money. Lexington: Lexington Books.
  • Klenke, K. (2016). Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing.
  • Koslow, S., Sasser:L., & Riordan, E. A. (2006). Do marketers get the advertising they need or the advertising they deserve? Agency views of how clients influence creativity. Journal of Advertising, 35(3), 85–105.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Kumar, V., & Gupta:(2016). Conceptualizing the Evolution and Future of Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 45(3), 302–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2016.1199335
  • Laczniak, G. R., & Murphy: E. (2006). Normative Perspectives for Ethical and Socially Responsible Marketing. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(2), 154-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146706290924
  • Lears, J. (1987). Uneasy courtship: Modern art and modern advertising. American Quarterly, 39(1), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.2307/2712634
  • Maillos, M. (2016). From "Downton Abbey" to "Mad Men": TV series as the privileged format for transition eras. Series - International Journal of TV Serial Narratives, 2(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2421-454X/6161
  • Marchand, R. (2023). Advertising the American dream: Making way for modernity, 1920-1940. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2008). Designing a qualitative study. L. Bickman & D. J. Rog (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of applied social research methods (2nd ed.) içinde. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. 214–253
  • McDonald, R. E., Laverie, D. A., & Manis, K. T. (2021). The Interplay between Advertising and Society: An Historical Analysis. Journal of Macromarketing, 41(4), 585-609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146720964324
  • McDonough, J., & Egolf, K. (2015). The advertising age encyclopedia of advertising. London ve New York: Routledge.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Nixon:(2016). Hard sell: Advertising, affluence and transatlantic relations, c. 1951–69. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Paulson, E. L., & O’Guinn, T. C. (2018). Marketing Social Class and Ideology in Post-World-War-Two American Print Advertising. Journal of Macromarketing, 38(1), 7-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146717733788
  • Pergelova, A., Prior, D., & Rialp, J. (2010). Assessing Advertising Efficiency. Journal of Advertising, 39(3), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367390303
  • Polan, D. (2013). Maddening times: Mad Men in its history. L. M. E. Goodlad, L. Kaganovsky, & R. A. Rushing (Eds.), Mad Men, mad world: Sex, politics, style, and the 1960s içinde. Duke University Press. 35-52 https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv120qtws.5
  • Pollay, R. W. (1986). The distorted mirror: Reflections on the unintended consequences of advertising. Journal of Marketing, 50(2), 18-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298605000202
  • Pope, C., Ziebland, S., & Mays, N. (2006). Analysing qualitative data. C. Pope & N. Mays (Eds.), Qualitative research in health care içinde. Wiley-Blackwell. 63-81 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470750841.ch7
  • Pracejus, J. W., Olsen, G. D., & O'Guinn, T. C. (2006). How nothing became something: White space, rhetoric, history, and meaning. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(1), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1086/504138
  • Ries, A., & Ries, L. (1998). The 22 immutable laws of branding. New York: HarperCollins.
  • Rossiter, J. R. (2022). Creativity in advertising: How to test for highly creative individuals, how to generate alternative creative ideas, and how to pretest them. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 43(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2021.2010245
  • Rossman, G. B., & Rallis:F. (2011). Learning in the field: An introduction to qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Schroeder, J. E. (1995). Fables of abundance: A cultural history of advertising in America. New York: Basic Books.
  • Schudson, M. (2013). Advertising, the uneasy persuasion (RLE Advertising): Its dubious impact on American society. London ve New York: Routledge.
  • Schultz, D. E. (2003). IMC: The next generation: Five steps for delivering value and measuring returns using marketing communication. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Soetaert, R., & Rutten, K. (2017). Rhetoric, narrative, and management: Learning from Mad Men. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 30(3), 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-10-2016-0203
  • Spigel, L. (1992). Make room for TV: Television and the family ideal in postwar America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Stoddart:F. (Ed.). (2011). Analyzing Mad Men: Critical essays on the television series. Jefferson: McFarland.
  • Sutherland, M. (2020). Advertising and the mind of the consumer: What works, what doesn't and why (3rd ed.). London ve New York: Routledge.
  • Twitchell, J. B. (1996). Adcult USA: The triumph of advertising in American culture. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Vonderau:, Florin, B., & Zimmermann, Y. (2021). Advertising and Modernity: A Critical Reassessment. Advertising and the Transformation of Screen Cultures içinde. Amsterdam University Press. 51-76 https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1t1kgh7.5
  • Weilbacher, W. M. (1993). Brand marketing. Lincolnwood: NTC Business Books.
  • Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

"Nostalji. Hassas… ama güçlü.” - 1960'larda Reklamcılığın Dönüşümü: Mad Men Dizisi Örneği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 56, 356 - 395, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1598706

Öz

1960’lı yıllar, reklamcılıkta “yaratıcı devrim” olarak adlandırılan ve uzun yazılı metinlerden kısa metin ile görsellerin dengeli kullanımına geçilen bir dönemi ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Mad Men dizisi üzerinden söz konusu dönüşümü eleştirel bir perspektifle ele almakta; iletişim, kültür ve tüketici davranışları arasındaki etkileşimi incelemektedir.
Vaka ve içerik analizi yöntemleriyle yürütülen araştırma, 1960’lardaki reklamcılığın sezgilere dayalı yaratıcılık ve tüketiciyle duygusal bağ kurma üzerine inşa edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Veri ve teknolojik araçların sınırlı olması, reklamcıları sezgiye ve yaratıcı süreçlere yöneltmiştir.
Bulgular, reklamcılığın ürün odaklı pazarlamadan kimlik, statü ve değer arayışlarına hitap eden stratejik bir yapıya dönüştüğünü göstermektedir. Bu dönüşüm, toplumsal ve kültürel değişimlerle paralel gelişmiş; marka sadakati oluşturma ve ürünleri sosyal kimlik sembollerine dönüştürme hedefini beraberinde getirmiştir.
Sonuç olarak çalışma, dijitalleşme öncesi stratejilerin günümüz reklamcılığına nasıl temel oluşturduğunu ortaya koymakta ve reklamcılığın yalnızca ekonomik bir faaliyet değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal değerleri şekillendiren bir pratik olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aaker, D. A. (1996). Building strong brands. New York: The Free Press.
  • Agirre, K. (2014). "Am I supposed to say how shocked I was?" Audience responses to Mad Men. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 17(6), 631-646. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549414544115
  • Berger, W. (2004). Advertising today. London ve New York: Phaidon Press.
  • Booker, M. K., & Batchelor, B. (2023). Mad Men: A cultural history. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Buzzanell: M., & D'Enbeau:(2013). Explicating creativity and design: The nature and meaningfulness of work in Mad Men. Western Journal of Communication, 77(1), 54-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2012.742558
  • Cracknell, A. (2012). The Real Mad Men: The Remarkable True Story of Madison Avenue's Golden Age. London: Hachette UK.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • D'Alessandro, D. F. (2001). Brand warfare: Ten rules for building the killer brand. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • de Groot, J. (2011). ‘Perpetually dividing and suturing the past and present’: Mad Men and the illusions of history. Rethinking History, 15(2), 269-285. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642529.2011.564833
  • Eckhardt, G., & Arvidsson, A. (2015). Ad agencies. Consumption Markets & Culture, 19(2), 167–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2015.1079960
  • Eysenbach, G., & Köhler, C. (2002). How do consumers search for and appraise health information on the world wide web? Qualitative study using focus groups, usability tests, and in-depth interviews. BMJ, 324(7337), 573–577. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7337.573
  • Fox:R. (1984). The mirror makers: A history of American advertising and its creators. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  • Frank, T. (1997). The conquest of cool: Business culture, counterculture, and the rise of hip consumerism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Gobe, M. (2010). Emotional branding: The new paradigm for connecting brands to people. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Goodlad, L. M., Kaganovsky, L., & Rushing, R. A. (2013). Mad Men, mad world: Sex, politics, style, and the 1960s. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Greyser:A., & Bauer, R. A. (1966). Americans and Advertising: Thirty Years of Public Opinion. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 30(1), 69–78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2747371
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.) içinde. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. 105–163
  • Gutiérrez-Martínez, B. (2020). Advertising Seduction in Mad Men. Fonseca, Journal of Communication, 20, 181-200. https://doi.org/10.14201/fjc202020181200
  • Holt, D. B. (2004). How brands become icons: The principles of cultural branding. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
  • Jones, J. P. (1992). How much is enough? Getting the most from your money. Lexington: Lexington Books.
  • Klenke, K. (2016). Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing.
  • Koslow, S., Sasser:L., & Riordan, E. A. (2006). Do marketers get the advertising they need or the advertising they deserve? Agency views of how clients influence creativity. Journal of Advertising, 35(3), 85–105.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Kumar, V., & Gupta:(2016). Conceptualizing the Evolution and Future of Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 45(3), 302–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2016.1199335
  • Laczniak, G. R., & Murphy: E. (2006). Normative Perspectives for Ethical and Socially Responsible Marketing. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(2), 154-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146706290924
  • Lears, J. (1987). Uneasy courtship: Modern art and modern advertising. American Quarterly, 39(1), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.2307/2712634
  • Maillos, M. (2016). From "Downton Abbey" to "Mad Men": TV series as the privileged format for transition eras. Series - International Journal of TV Serial Narratives, 2(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2421-454X/6161
  • Marchand, R. (2023). Advertising the American dream: Making way for modernity, 1920-1940. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2008). Designing a qualitative study. L. Bickman & D. J. Rog (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of applied social research methods (2nd ed.) içinde. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. 214–253
  • McDonald, R. E., Laverie, D. A., & Manis, K. T. (2021). The Interplay between Advertising and Society: An Historical Analysis. Journal of Macromarketing, 41(4), 585-609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146720964324
  • McDonough, J., & Egolf, K. (2015). The advertising age encyclopedia of advertising. London ve New York: Routledge.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Nixon:(2016). Hard sell: Advertising, affluence and transatlantic relations, c. 1951–69. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Paulson, E. L., & O’Guinn, T. C. (2018). Marketing Social Class and Ideology in Post-World-War-Two American Print Advertising. Journal of Macromarketing, 38(1), 7-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146717733788
  • Pergelova, A., Prior, D., & Rialp, J. (2010). Assessing Advertising Efficiency. Journal of Advertising, 39(3), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367390303
  • Polan, D. (2013). Maddening times: Mad Men in its history. L. M. E. Goodlad, L. Kaganovsky, & R. A. Rushing (Eds.), Mad Men, mad world: Sex, politics, style, and the 1960s içinde. Duke University Press. 35-52 https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv120qtws.5
  • Pollay, R. W. (1986). The distorted mirror: Reflections on the unintended consequences of advertising. Journal of Marketing, 50(2), 18-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298605000202
  • Pope, C., Ziebland, S., & Mays, N. (2006). Analysing qualitative data. C. Pope & N. Mays (Eds.), Qualitative research in health care içinde. Wiley-Blackwell. 63-81 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470750841.ch7
  • Pracejus, J. W., Olsen, G. D., & O'Guinn, T. C. (2006). How nothing became something: White space, rhetoric, history, and meaning. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(1), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1086/504138
  • Ries, A., & Ries, L. (1998). The 22 immutable laws of branding. New York: HarperCollins.
  • Rossiter, J. R. (2022). Creativity in advertising: How to test for highly creative individuals, how to generate alternative creative ideas, and how to pretest them. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 43(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2021.2010245
  • Rossman, G. B., & Rallis:F. (2011). Learning in the field: An introduction to qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Schroeder, J. E. (1995). Fables of abundance: A cultural history of advertising in America. New York: Basic Books.
  • Schudson, M. (2013). Advertising, the uneasy persuasion (RLE Advertising): Its dubious impact on American society. London ve New York: Routledge.
  • Schultz, D. E. (2003). IMC: The next generation: Five steps for delivering value and measuring returns using marketing communication. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Soetaert, R., & Rutten, K. (2017). Rhetoric, narrative, and management: Learning from Mad Men. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 30(3), 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-10-2016-0203
  • Spigel, L. (1992). Make room for TV: Television and the family ideal in postwar America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Stoddart:F. (Ed.). (2011). Analyzing Mad Men: Critical essays on the television series. Jefferson: McFarland.
  • Sutherland, M. (2020). Advertising and the mind of the consumer: What works, what doesn't and why (3rd ed.). London ve New York: Routledge.
  • Twitchell, J. B. (1996). Adcult USA: The triumph of advertising in American culture. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Vonderau:, Florin, B., & Zimmermann, Y. (2021). Advertising and Modernity: A Critical Reassessment. Advertising and the Transformation of Screen Cultures içinde. Amsterdam University Press. 51-76 https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1t1kgh7.5
  • Weilbacher, W. M. (1993). Brand marketing. Lincolnwood: NTC Business Books.
  • Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim Çalışmaları, Reklam Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Yakın 0000-0002-2603-5741

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 27 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 56

Kaynak Göster

APA Yakın, M. (2025). "Nostalji. Hassas… ama güçlü.” - 1960’larda Reklamcılığın Dönüşümü: Mad Men Dizisi Örneği. Kültür ve İletişim, 28(56), 356-395. https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1598706