Sıcak Stresi ve Termotolerans: Sığırlarda Moleküler Çalışmalar

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 59 Sayı: Ek Sayı, 117 - 129, 04.06.2020

Özge Şebnem Çıldır , Özge Özmen

Öz

Küresel iklim değişikliği riski insan nüfusu, çevre kirliliği ve atmosferdeki sera gazları oranlarında görülen artış nedeniyle gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Yüzey sıcaklığında 2100’lerin sonunda yaklaşık 1,8 ile 4,8°C aralığında artış beklenmektedir. Ilıman iklimlerde yaşamakta olan sığırlar gelecekte artan sıcaklıklarla ve dolayısıyla da sıcak stresi ile karşı karşıya kalacaklardır. Sıcak etkisi ile ortaya çıkan stres yanıtları aynı zamanda verim kaybıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. Yüksek sıcaklık ve nem seviyeleri verim özelliklerini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Tüm bu gerekçeler sıcak stresi ve termotolerans ile ilişkili moleküler çalışmaların gerekliliğini gözler önüne sermektedir. Bilim insanları genom boyu ilişkilendirme çalışması (GWAS), gen ifadesi, polimorfizm ve mikroRNA çalışmaları gibi birçok farklı yaklaşım ile sıcak stresini ve termotoleransın moleküler mekanizmalarını araştırmışlardır. Bu derlemede sıcak stresi ve zararlı etkileri tanımlanmış, sığırlar üzerinde yapılmış moleküler çalışmalar ise tek bir yayın altında toplanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sıcak stresi, GWAS, polimorfizm, gen ifadesi, miRNA

Kaynakça

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