Critical Perspectives on Social Capital and Development: Theory and Practice

Yıl 2023, , 105 - 126, 20.03.2023

Fatmanil Döner

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1171327

Öz

This study intends to investigate the concept of social capital on the basis of evidence provided by theoretical perspectives and empirical studies. Various definitions of social capital touch upon beliefs, values, networks, and trust by complicating the meaning and creating conceptual chaos. In addition to shaky conceptual foundations, methodological inadequacies are also framing numerous problems and challenges. Moreover, lack of power, class, race, gender etc. analysis in the literature makes it difficult to contribute to poverty alleviation. In this respect, first, the origins of the social capital, definition, and the development of the concept will be explored. The investigation of the role of the World Bank in the promotion of the concept and the empirical evidences will constitute second part of this work. It is argued here in order to foster mechanisms of development, social capital projects require broader, more collaborative, and innovative approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social capital, Development, Poverty, World Bank

Sosyal Sermaye ve Kalkinma Uzerine Elestirel Yaklasimlar

Öz

Bu çalışma, sosyal sermaye kavramını alandaki teorik yaklaşımlara ve ampirik çalışmalara dayanarak eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sosyal sermaye kavramının toplumdaki inanç, değer ve güven ilişkilerine dokunan çok sayıdaki tanımı anlam karmaşası ve kavramsal karışıklık yaratmaktadır. Bu çok sağlam olmayan kavramsal altyapıya ek olarak metodolojik yetersizlikler de bilimsel açıdan kavramın sorgulanmasına neden olmaktadır. Sosyal sermaye literatüründe güç, sınıf, ırk, toplumsal cinsiyet analizlerinin eksik olması kavramın yoksulluğun giderilmesi
ve kalkınma konularında katkıda bulunmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın ilk bölümü sosyal sermaye kavramının çıkış noktası, tanımı ve gelişmesine odaklanacaktır. Dünya Bankası’nın ampirik tasarımları ve teşvikleri bu çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde incelenecektir. Sonuç olarak, kalkınma mekanizmalarını harekete geçirebilmek için sosyal sermaye kavramı daha geniş, kapsayıcı ve yenilikçi bakış açılarına ihtiyaç duymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Sermaye, Yoksulluk, Kalkınma, Dünya Bankası

Kaynakça

• Avdeenko, A., and Gilligan, M. (2015). International Interventions to Build Social Capital: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Sudan. American Political Science Review, 109 (3), 427-440. Doi:10.1017/S0003055415000210.
• Bebbington, A., Woolcock, M., Guggenheim, S. E. and Olson, E. (Eds.). (2006). The Search for Empowerment: Social Capital as Idea and Practice at the World Bank. Kumaran Press. Boix, C. and Posner, D. N. (1998). Social Capital: Explaining Its Origins and Effects on Government Performance, British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 28, No.4, 686-693.
• Borghans, L., Weel, B. t. and Weinberg, B. A. (2006). People People: Social Capital and the Labor-Market Outcomes of Underrepresented Groups, NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 11985.
• Boutilier, R. (2017). Stakeholder politics: Social capital, sustainable development, and the corporation. Routledge.
• Bowles, S. and Gintis, H. (2002), Social Capital And Community Governance. The Economic Journal, 112: F419-F436. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00077
• Cameron, A. and Palan, R. (2004). The Imagined Economies of Globalization. London: Thousand Oaks CA:SAGE.
• Carmeci, G., Mauro, L. and Privileggi, F. (2021). Growth maximizing government size, social capital, and corruption. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 23(3), 438-461.
• Center for Economic and Social Studies. (2002). Integrated Questionnaire for the Measurement of Social Capital Albania Field Test Final Report. Tirana Albania. http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website00518/WEB/PDF/ALBANIAF.PDF
• Chase, R. and Woolcock, M. (2005). Social Capital and the Micro-Institutional Foundations of CDD Approaches in East Asia: Evidence, Theory, and Policy Implications. In Arusha Conference ‘New Frontiers of Social Policy’, December 12-15, 2005.
• Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94. Supplement: Organizations and Institutions: Sociological and Economic Approaches to the Analysis of Social Structure.
• Collier, M. W. (1999). Explaining Political Corruption: An Institutional-Choice Approach. In International Studies Association 40th Annual Convention Washington DC: Department of International Relations, Florida International University Press, https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/isa/com01.
• Collier, M. W. (2013). Political corruption in the Caribbean Basin: Constructing a theory to combat corruption. Routledge.
• Davis, M. (2001). Late Victorian Holocaust: El Nino Famines and the Making of the Third World. Verso Books.
• Durlauf, S. N. (2002). On the Empirics of Social Capital, The Economic Journal, 112, November.
• Durlauf, S. N. and Fafchamps, M. (2004). Social Capital. NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 10485.
• Edelman, L. F., Bressnen, M., Newell, S., Scarbrough, H. and Swan, J. (2002). The Darker Side of Social Capital, In 3. European Conference on Organizational Knowledge, Learning and Capabilities, Athens, Greece.
• Edwards, M. (2000). More Social Capital, Less Global Poverty?. Development Outreach, Vol.2, Number 3. https://docplayer.net/135639690-T-n-all-a-a-efica-gg-ar-p-public-disclosure-authorized-public-disclosure-authorized-public-disclosure-authorized.html
• Fedderke, J, de Kadt, R. and Luiz, J. (1999). Economic Growth and Social Capital: A Critical Reflection. Theory and Society, Vol.28, No.5, 709-745. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3108590
• Fine, B. (2001). It Ain’t Social and It Ain’t Capital, Ginny Morrow (Ed.). An Appropriate Capital-isation? Questioning Social Capital, Issue I.
• Fine, B. and Green, F. (2000). Economics, Social Capital, and the Colonization of the Social Sciences, S. Baron, J. Field, and T. Schuller (Eds) Social Capital Critical Perspectives, NewYork: Oxford University Press.
• Fred-Mensah, B. K. (2005). Nugormesese: An Indigenous Basis of Social Capital in a West African Community, IK Notes, No.86. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/10748;
• Grootaert, C. (2001). Does Social Capital Help the Poor? A Synthesis of Findings from the Local Level Institutions Studies in Bolivia, Burkina Faso and Indonesia. The World Bank Working Paper. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/368221468743373459/does-social-capital-help-the-poor-a-synthesis-of-findings-from-the-local-level-institutions-studies-in-bolivia-burkina-faso-and-indonesia
• Grootaert, C., Narayan, D., Jones, V. N. and Woolcock, M. (2004). Measuring Social Capital An Integrated Questionnaire. Washington D.C: World Bank.
• Gugerty, M. K. and Kremer, M. (2000). Does Development Assistance Help Build Social Capital?. Social Capital Initiative Working Paper, No.20. http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website00522/WEB/PDF/SCI_WP-6.PDF
• Halpern, D. (2005). Social Capital. Cambridge: Polity Press.
• Harriss, J. (2002). Depoliticizing Development: The World Bank and Social Capital. Anthem Press.
• Helliwell, J. F. (1996). Economic Growth and Social Capital in Asia. NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 5470. https://www.nber.org/papers/w5470
• Helliwell, J. F. and Huang, H. (2006). How’s Your Government? International Evidence Linking Good Government and Well-Being. NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 11988. https://www.nber.org/papers/w11988
• Hjerppe, R. (2003). Social Capital and Economic Growth Revisited. Government Institute for Economic Research, Finland. https://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/148286
• Katayama, R. and Wadhwa, D. (2019). Half of the world’s poor live in just 5 countries. https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/half-world-s-poor-live-just-5-countries
• Kilpatrick, S., Field, J. and Falk, I. (2003) Social Capital: An Analytical Tool for Exploring Lifelong Learning and Community Development. British Educational Research Journal, 29, 3, 417-433.
• Kolybashkina, N. and Temnenko, K. (2005). Social Capital and Civil Society in the Making of Democracy in the Ukraine: A Case-study of Orange Revolution. http://eng.maidanua.org .
• Kovalainen, A. (2005). Social Capital, Trust and Dependency. S. M. Koniordos (Ed.), Networks, Trust and Social Capital Theoretical and Empirical Investigations from Europe, England: Ashgate.
• Kyoung-SOO, L. (2003). Formation of Social Capital for Poverty Reduction. Korea Research Foundation, KRF-2003-072-BS1030.
• Lederman, D. (2001). Socializing in Argentina: Levels, Geographic Distribution and Determinants of Social Capital. World Bank.
• Lin, N. (2000). Inequality in Social Capital. Contemporary Sociology, Vol.29, No.6.
• Lukatela, A. (2007). The Importance of Trust-Building in Transition: A Look at Social Capital and Democratization in Eastern Europe. Canadian Slavonic Papers, 49:1-2, 49-68, DOI: 10.1080/00085006.2007.11092430
• Mahler, D. G., Yonzan, N., Hill, R., Lakner, C., Wu, H. And Yoshida, N. (2022) Pandemic, Prices, and Poverty. https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/pandemic-prices-and-poverty
• Muringani, J., Fitjar, R. D. and Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2021). Social capital and economic growth in the regions of Europe. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53(6), 1412-1434.
• Narayan, D. and Pritchett, L. (1999). Cents and Sociability: Household Income and Social Capital in Rural Tanzania. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 47:4, 871-897, https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/452436.
• Navarro, V. (2002). A Critique of Social Capital. International Journal of Health Services, Vol.32, Number 3.
• Navarro, V. (2004). Introduction: Objectives and Purposes of the Study. Vicente Navarro (Ed.), Political and Social Context of Health, New York: Baywood, http://www.baywood.com/intro/296-1.pdf .
• Nweze, N. J. (2002). Social Capital (Pilot) Survey in Enugu State, Nigeria. Centre for Rural Development and Cooperatives. University of Nigeria, Nsukka. https://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01360/WEB/IMAGES/ENUGUSTA.PDF
• Onu, J. I. (2002). Report of Social Capital Household Survey Pilot in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria. https://web.worldbank.org/archive/website00518/WEB/PDF/ADAMAWAS.PDF
• Owen, D., Chase, R., Zhou, Y., de Silva, S., Murphy, D. and Holmemo, C. (2005). Mainstreaming Social Development: The Sierra Leone Experience. https://slidetodoc.com/mainstreaming-social-development-the-sierra-leone-experience-sd/
• Polanyi, K. (1957). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon Press.
• Portes, A. (2000). The Two Meanings of Social Capital. Sociological Forum, Vol.15, No.1.
• Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone. New York: Simon and Schuster. Reid, C. and Salmen, L. (2000). Understanding Social Capital Agricultural Extension in Mali: Trust and Social Cohesion. Social Capital Initiative Working Paper No.22. https://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01360/WEB/IMAGES/SCI_W-22.PDF
• Reno, W. (2003). Political Networks in a Failing Stage The Roots and Future of Violent Conflict in Sierra Leone. International Politics and Society, No.2.
• Rotberg, R. I. (1999). Social Capital and Political Culture in Africa, America, Australasia, and Europe. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 29, No.3.
• Sartori, G. (1970). Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics. The American Political Science Review, Vol.64, No.4.
• Serageldin, I. and Grootaert, C. (2000). Defining Social Capital: An Integrating View. P. Dasgupta and I. Serageldin (Eds.). Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective. World Bank, Washington DC, 40-59.
• Sobel, J. (2002). Can We Trust Social Capital?. Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 40, No.1.
• Stanley, A. (2022). Global Inequalities. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2022/03/Global-inequalities-Stanley
• Szreter, S. (2002). The State of Social Capital: Bringing Back in Power, Politics, and History. Theory and Society, Vol.31, No.5.
• Van Domelen, J. (2003). Social Capital in the Operations and Impacts of Social Investment Funds. The World Bank. https://www.findevgateway.org/sites/default/files/publications/files/mfg-en-paper-social-capital-in-the-operations-and-impacts-of-social-investment-funds-2003.pdf
• Wood, E. M. (2002). The Origin of Capitalism. Verso Books.