İslam’da ve John Rawls’un Siyaset Felsefesinde Sosyal Adalet

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 90, 109 - 123, 15.06.2018

Elshad Assadullayev

Öz

The idea of developing a just and well-ordered society has been central both to western political theory and to Islamic thought. John Rawls is a contemporary philosopher who has revived Anglo-American political thought and offered one of the most comprehensive theories of society. The Rawlsian ideas of justice, public reason, and political liberalism have instigated many interesting discussions, some aspects of which I will try to highlight here. While the basic doctrines of Islam always remain sacred, it is also important to acknowledge the heavy influence of the modernity in the present-day Islamic ideologies. The principles of distributive justice in Islamic tradition have been debated and theorized extensively since the classical times. In the article, I will talk about these arguments and address the topics where these two distinct models interact.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islam, Justice, Difference Principle, Public Reason, Liberalism, Society

Social Justice in Islam and in the Political Philosophy of John Rawls

Öz

Adil ve iyi düzenlenmiş bir toplum geliştirme fikri, hem Batı siyaset teorisinde hem de İslam düşüncesinde merkezi bir konuma sahiptir. John Rawls, Anglo-Amerikan siyasi düşüncesini yeniden canlandıran ve en kapsamlı toplum kuramını teklif eden çağdaş bir filozoftur. Rawls’un adalet, kamusal akıl ve siyasal liberalizme ilişkin fikirleri, makalenin genelinde vurgulamaya çalıştığım üzere, birçok açıdan siyaset teorisi alanında çarpıcı tartışmalar başlatmıştır. İslam’ın temel tezleri daimi bir sürekliliğe sahip olmakla beraber, günümüz İslami arayışlarda modern fikriyatın güçlü etkisini dikkate almak gerekmektedir. İslam geleneğinde de, dağıtımcı adalet ilkeleri, klasik zamanlardan bu yana geniş ölçüde tartışılmış ve kuramsallaştırılmıştır. Bu temel argümanlar çerçevesinde Rawlsçu ve İslami iki farklı modelin etkileşimi karşılaştırmalı olarak makalede değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islam, Adalet, Fark İlkesi, Kamusal Akıl, Liberalizm, Toplum

Kaynakça

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