İskoç Aydınlanması ve Amerika

Yıl 2011, Sayı: 63, 235 - 256, 01.06.2011

Mümin Köktaş

Öz

Felsefe, siyaset ve tarih felsefesi açısından Aydınlanma Yüzyılı (18. Yüzyıl) modernleşme tarihinin temel aşamalarından biri olmuştur. 19. ve 20. Yüzyıllarda Aydınlanmaya yönelik dikkate değer eleştiriler yapılmasına rağmen, Aydınlanma düşüncesi çağdaş düşünce dünyamızı etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Aydınlanma düşüncesi genellikle tekil bir hareket olarak ele alınmakla birlikte, aslında Fransız Aydınlanması, İngiliz Aydınlanması, Alman Aydınlanması, İspanyol Aydınlanması ve Amerikan Aydınlanması gibi birçok Aydınlanmanın olduğu aşikârdır. Batı düşüncesinde İskoç Aydınlanması etkili bir gelenek olmakla birlikte, ülkemizde İskoç Aydınlanması görece yeni bir çalışma alanıdır. Bunun önemli bir nedeni ülkemizdeki liberal düşünce geleneğinin akademi ve siyaset dünyasında etkili olmamasıdır.

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