Araştırma Makalesi
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Mardin Örneğinde Suriyeli Sığınmacılar: Türkiye’de Kalmak ya da Geri Dönmek

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 99, 105 - 123, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.785172

Öz

Nisan 2011’den itibaren kitlesel göçlerle karşı karşıya kalan Türkiye dünyanın en fazla mülteci barındıran ülkesi olmuştur. Suriyeliler ülkelerine geri dönecek mi? sorusu Türkiye’de sıkça tartışma konusu olmaktadır. Türkiye’de yaşayan Suriyelilerin kısa, orta ve uzun vadede ülkelerine dönme veya Türkiye’de kalma ihtimalleri hususunda gerçekçi tespitler yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırma Suriyeli sığınmacıların mevcut durumunu çoklu açılardan ele alarak hem bir durum saptaması hem de “geri dönme eğilimlerini’’ anket ve sosyal uyum modeliyle ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. 284 Suriyeli ile yapılan yüz yüze sonucuna göre sığınmacıların %56,3’ü Türkiye’den ayrılmak istememektedir. Çalışmada uyguladığımız bir diğer değerlendirme aracımız olan sosyal uyum kendini değerlendirme ölçeğine göre ise sığınmacıların sosyal uyumları ile ülkelerine geri dönme eğilimi arasında bir ilişki bulunamamıştır (p>0.05).

Kaynakça

  • Acet İnce, G. (2020), Uluslararası Hukuk Bağlamında Fırat Kalkanı, Zeytin Dalı ve Barış Pınarı Harekatları Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi İşletme ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi , 1 (1) , 65-92 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/mtuiyb/issue/53412/681513
  • Aktürk, Ş.(2019),Turkey’s Operation Peace Spring and the Battle for a Free Syria, Trt world research center, policy outlook, https://researchcentre.trtworld.com/images/files/policy_briefs/Turkey-Op-Peace-Spring.pdf
  • Alptekin, H. (2019), Suriye’de Oluşturulacak Güvenli Bölgede Taraflar ve Tutumlar, Nisan 2019, sayı 278, Seta Analiz, https://setav.org/assets/uploads/2019/04/A-278.pdf
  • Akkaya, C., Sarandöl, A., Esen-Danacı, A., Sivrioğlu, E.Y., Kaya, E. ve Kırlı, S. (2008), Sosyal Uyum Kendini Değerlendirme Ölçeği (SUKDÖ) Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19(3), 292-299.
  • Anadolu Ajansı (2014),Yeni göç dalgaları kapıda https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/yeni-goc-dalgalari-kapida/98227 (accessed on 01 March 2019).
  • Bosc M, Dubini A, Polin V. ve ark. (1997), Development and validation of a social functioning scale, the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 7 (Suppl 1): 57-70.
  • Baban,F. Ilcan,S. and Rygiel R. (2017), Syrian refugees in Turkey: pathways to precarity, differential inclusion, and negotiated citizenship rights, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43:1, 41-57, DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2016.1192996
  • Bbc (2020), İdlib'de Türkiye ve Suriye ordularını karşı karşıya getiren çatışma hakkında neler biliniyor https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-51355155 (accessed on 10 March 2020).
  • Bosc M, Dubini A, Polin V. ve et. al. (1997), Development and validation of a social functioning scale, the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 7 (Suppl 1): 57-70.
  • Cengiz, S. (2020), Assessing the Astana Peace Process for Syria: Actors, Approaches, and Differences. Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 7(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347798920901876
  • Deutsche Welle (2018), Türkiye’deki Suriyelilerin Geri Dönüşü Mümkün mü?’’ https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyedeki-suriyelilerin-geri d%C3%B6n% C3%BC%C5% 9F%C3% BC-m%C3%BCmk%C3%BCn-m%C3%BC/a-46297498 (accessed on 15 February 2020).
  • Eren, E. (2019), Is Temporary Protection Eternal? The Future of Temporary Protection Status of Syrians in Turkey, July-December 2019 Volume: 9, No: 2, pp. 125 – 134.
  • Global Trends Forced Displacement in 2018 UNCHR (2019), https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/5d08d7ee7/unhcr-global-trends-2018.html (accessed on 03 March 2020).
  • Hoffmann,S. and Samuk. S. (2016), Turkish Immigration Politics and the Syrian Refugee Crisis, Working Paper Research Division Global Issues, 2016/No. 01, March 2016 SWP Berlin.
  • Hürriyet (2017), Suriyelilerin yüzde 80’i kalacak gibi duruyor’’ http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/malkoc-suriyelilerin-yuzde-80i-kalacak-gibi-gorunuyor-40336827 (accessed on 05 March 2020). Hürriyet (2019), Adalet Bakanı Gül: 315 bin Suriyeli memleketine döndü’’ https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/adalet-bakani-gul-315-bin-suriyeli-memleketine-dondu-41135354 (accessed on 01 December 2019).
  • Hürriyet (2016), Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Suriyelilere vatandaşlık imkânı vereceğiz’’ https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-suriyelilere-vatandaslik-imkani-verecegiz-37304608 (accessed on 01 March 2020).
  • Helms L., Femke Van Esch and Beverly C. (2019), Merkel III: From Committed Pragmatist to ‘Conviction Leader’? German Politics, 28:3, 350-370, DOI: 10.1080/09644008.2018.1462340
  • Istanbul Governorship (2019), Düzensiz Göç, Kayıtsız Suriyeliler ve Kayıt Dışı İstihdam İle İlgili Basın Açıklaması’’http://istanbul.gov.tr/duzensiz-goc-kayitsiz-suriyeliler-ve-kayit-disi-istihdam-ile-ilgili-basin-aciklamasi (accessed on 24 December 2019).
  • Kirişci, K.(2014),Syrian Refugees and Turkey’s Challenges: Going Beyond Hospitality. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Syrian-Refugees-and-Turkeys-Challenges-May-14-2014.pdf
  • Kumaraswamy P. and Manjari Singh (2017), Population pressure in Jordan and the role of Syrian refugees, Migration and Development, 6:3, 412-427, DOI:10.1080/21632324.2016.1141500
  • Loveluck,L.(2019), Assad urged Syrian refugees to come home. Many are being welcomed with arrest and interrogation https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/assad-urged-syrian-refugees-to-come-home-many-are-being-welcomed-with-arrest-and-interrogation/2019/06/02/54bd696a-7bea-11e9-b1f3-b233fe5811ef_story.html (accessed on 20 April 2019).
  • Mckay, H. (2019), Turkey to create 'safe zones' in Syria - with or without US support’’ https://www.foxnews.com/world/erdogan-insists-safe-zones-in-syria-will-enable-refugee-return-others-express-skepticism (accessed 01 February 2020).
  • Onder, H. (2020), The Mobility of Displaced Syrians An Economic and Social Analysis, World Bank, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/syria/publication/the-mobility-of-displaced-syrians-an-economic-and-social-analysis
  • Parker, J.(2019),Between Russia and Iran: Room to Pursue American Interests in Syria, Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University, https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/INSS_Strategic-Perspectives-27.pdf
  • Special Report for Syrians in Turkey (Ombudsman Institution) (2018), Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler Özel Rapor, https://www.ombudsman.gov.tr/suriyeliler/ozel_rapor.pdf (accessed on 15 April 2019).
  • Syrian Regional Refugee Response(UNCHR)(2019), https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria/location/36 (accessed on 31 December 2019).
  • Turkish Statistic Institute (TSI) (2020), Turkish Population http://www.tuik.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=33705 (accessed on 23 February 2020).
  • Turkey Grand National Parlament (TGNP)(2019),Göç ve Uyum Raporu’’ https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/docs/2018/goc_ve_uyum_raporu.pdf (accessed on 01 March 2020).
  • Tanrıkulu, F. (2018), Suriye Krizi Sonrası Türkiye’deki Sığınmacıların ve Göçmenlerin Eğitimi: Geçmiş, Bugün ve Gelecek Perspektifleri”, Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sayı 3.

Syrian Asylum Seekers and The Question of Living in Turkey or Returning to Their Home Country: Mardin Case

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 99, 105 - 123, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.785172

Öz

Turkey, having faced mass migration since April 2011, has been the country hosting world’s largest population asylum seekers. Within Turkey, the question as to whether Syrians will return to their country has often been the subject of debate. The main objective of the study is to discuss and evaluate the issue of Syrians living in Turkey for short, medium, and long-term periods. This study, via a survey, empirically examines the situation of Syrians from multiple perspectives on their returning tendency. The results of face to face interviews with 284 Syrian asylum seekers in Mardin have been reviewed and according to the results, 56.3% of them are reluctant to leave Turkey. In addition, the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS), another assessment tool applied in the study, argued that there was no significant relationship between the social adaptations of the asylum seekers and their tendency to return to their home countries (p>0.05). The low, medium, or high levels of social cohesion of asylum seekers do not affect their views on returning. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that 60.0% of individuals who have spent 5 years and more in Turkey do not plan to return to their home country.

Kaynakça

  • Acet İnce, G. (2020), Uluslararası Hukuk Bağlamında Fırat Kalkanı, Zeytin Dalı ve Barış Pınarı Harekatları Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi İşletme ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi , 1 (1) , 65-92 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/mtuiyb/issue/53412/681513
  • Aktürk, Ş.(2019),Turkey’s Operation Peace Spring and the Battle for a Free Syria, Trt world research center, policy outlook, https://researchcentre.trtworld.com/images/files/policy_briefs/Turkey-Op-Peace-Spring.pdf
  • Alptekin, H. (2019), Suriye’de Oluşturulacak Güvenli Bölgede Taraflar ve Tutumlar, Nisan 2019, sayı 278, Seta Analiz, https://setav.org/assets/uploads/2019/04/A-278.pdf
  • Akkaya, C., Sarandöl, A., Esen-Danacı, A., Sivrioğlu, E.Y., Kaya, E. ve Kırlı, S. (2008), Sosyal Uyum Kendini Değerlendirme Ölçeği (SUKDÖ) Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19(3), 292-299.
  • Anadolu Ajansı (2014),Yeni göç dalgaları kapıda https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/politika/yeni-goc-dalgalari-kapida/98227 (accessed on 01 March 2019).
  • Bosc M, Dubini A, Polin V. ve ark. (1997), Development and validation of a social functioning scale, the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 7 (Suppl 1): 57-70.
  • Baban,F. Ilcan,S. and Rygiel R. (2017), Syrian refugees in Turkey: pathways to precarity, differential inclusion, and negotiated citizenship rights, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43:1, 41-57, DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2016.1192996
  • Bbc (2020), İdlib'de Türkiye ve Suriye ordularını karşı karşıya getiren çatışma hakkında neler biliniyor https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-51355155 (accessed on 10 March 2020).
  • Bosc M, Dubini A, Polin V. ve et. al. (1997), Development and validation of a social functioning scale, the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 7 (Suppl 1): 57-70.
  • Cengiz, S. (2020), Assessing the Astana Peace Process for Syria: Actors, Approaches, and Differences. Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 7(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347798920901876
  • Deutsche Welle (2018), Türkiye’deki Suriyelilerin Geri Dönüşü Mümkün mü?’’ https://www.dw.com/tr/t%C3%BCrkiyedeki-suriyelilerin-geri d%C3%B6n% C3%BC%C5% 9F%C3% BC-m%C3%BCmk%C3%BCn-m%C3%BC/a-46297498 (accessed on 15 February 2020).
  • Eren, E. (2019), Is Temporary Protection Eternal? The Future of Temporary Protection Status of Syrians in Turkey, July-December 2019 Volume: 9, No: 2, pp. 125 – 134.
  • Global Trends Forced Displacement in 2018 UNCHR (2019), https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/5d08d7ee7/unhcr-global-trends-2018.html (accessed on 03 March 2020).
  • Hoffmann,S. and Samuk. S. (2016), Turkish Immigration Politics and the Syrian Refugee Crisis, Working Paper Research Division Global Issues, 2016/No. 01, March 2016 SWP Berlin.
  • Hürriyet (2017), Suriyelilerin yüzde 80’i kalacak gibi duruyor’’ http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/malkoc-suriyelilerin-yuzde-80i-kalacak-gibi-gorunuyor-40336827 (accessed on 05 March 2020). Hürriyet (2019), Adalet Bakanı Gül: 315 bin Suriyeli memleketine döndü’’ https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/adalet-bakani-gul-315-bin-suriyeli-memleketine-dondu-41135354 (accessed on 01 December 2019).
  • Hürriyet (2016), Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Suriyelilere vatandaşlık imkânı vereceğiz’’ https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-suriyelilere-vatandaslik-imkani-verecegiz-37304608 (accessed on 01 March 2020).
  • Helms L., Femke Van Esch and Beverly C. (2019), Merkel III: From Committed Pragmatist to ‘Conviction Leader’? German Politics, 28:3, 350-370, DOI: 10.1080/09644008.2018.1462340
  • Istanbul Governorship (2019), Düzensiz Göç, Kayıtsız Suriyeliler ve Kayıt Dışı İstihdam İle İlgili Basın Açıklaması’’http://istanbul.gov.tr/duzensiz-goc-kayitsiz-suriyeliler-ve-kayit-disi-istihdam-ile-ilgili-basin-aciklamasi (accessed on 24 December 2019).
  • Kirişci, K.(2014),Syrian Refugees and Turkey’s Challenges: Going Beyond Hospitality. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Syrian-Refugees-and-Turkeys-Challenges-May-14-2014.pdf
  • Kumaraswamy P. and Manjari Singh (2017), Population pressure in Jordan and the role of Syrian refugees, Migration and Development, 6:3, 412-427, DOI:10.1080/21632324.2016.1141500
  • Loveluck,L.(2019), Assad urged Syrian refugees to come home. Many are being welcomed with arrest and interrogation https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/assad-urged-syrian-refugees-to-come-home-many-are-being-welcomed-with-arrest-and-interrogation/2019/06/02/54bd696a-7bea-11e9-b1f3-b233fe5811ef_story.html (accessed on 20 April 2019).
  • Mckay, H. (2019), Turkey to create 'safe zones' in Syria - with or without US support’’ https://www.foxnews.com/world/erdogan-insists-safe-zones-in-syria-will-enable-refugee-return-others-express-skepticism (accessed 01 February 2020).
  • Onder, H. (2020), The Mobility of Displaced Syrians An Economic and Social Analysis, World Bank, https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/syria/publication/the-mobility-of-displaced-syrians-an-economic-and-social-analysis
  • Parker, J.(2019),Between Russia and Iran: Room to Pursue American Interests in Syria, Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University, https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/INSS_Strategic-Perspectives-27.pdf
  • Special Report for Syrians in Turkey (Ombudsman Institution) (2018), Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler Özel Rapor, https://www.ombudsman.gov.tr/suriyeliler/ozel_rapor.pdf (accessed on 15 April 2019).
  • Syrian Regional Refugee Response(UNCHR)(2019), https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria/location/36 (accessed on 31 December 2019).
  • Turkish Statistic Institute (TSI) (2020), Turkish Population http://www.tuik.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=33705 (accessed on 23 February 2020).
  • Turkey Grand National Parlament (TGNP)(2019),Göç ve Uyum Raporu’’ https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/docs/2018/goc_ve_uyum_raporu.pdf (accessed on 01 March 2020).
  • Tanrıkulu, F. (2018), Suriye Krizi Sonrası Türkiye’deki Sığınmacıların ve Göçmenlerin Eğitimi: Geçmiş, Bugün ve Gelecek Perspektifleri”, Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sayı 3.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Faik Tanrıkulu 0000-0002-0654-3140

Sibel Doğan 0000-0003-4026-1419

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 99

Kaynak Göster

APA Tanrıkulu, F., & Doğan, S. (2020). Syrian Asylum Seekers and The Question of Living in Turkey or Returning to Their Home Country: Mardin Case. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 25(99), 105-123. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.785172