Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Paranın Taşlardan Dijital Bloklara Evrimi: Değerin Dönüşümü

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 109, 231 - 245, 20.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1256320

Öz

Bu çalışma paranın geçmişten günümüze evrimini ele alarak dijitalleşme ile günümüzdeki değişimini ele almaktadır. İktisadi düşünce dönemler boyunca farklı başlıklara eğilmiş, farklı analizleri gündeme almış olsa da değer ve adalet gibi kavramlar daima tartışmaların içinde yer almıştır. Dijitalleşme ile beraber paranın fonksiyonları hakkındaki yaklaşımlar da farklılık göstermiş, sosyal yapı üzerindeki etkilerine dair yeni olanaklar ortaya çıkmış. Bitcoin ile başlayan ve gücünü blok zincirden alan bu yolculuğa Merkez Bankalarının da dahil olduğu düşünüldüğünde, hayata geçirilecek uygulamaların geçmişteki endişeleri gidermesi, eşitlik ve adalet özelinde işlevsel olması büyük öneme sahiptir. Mevcut durumun iktisada ait önemli başlıklarla birlikte tartışıldığı bu çalışmada dağıtık para teknolojilerinin geçmişte günümüze nasıl geldiğine, taşıdığı fırsatlar ve olası riskler vurgulanarak geleceğe dair olası senaryolara değinilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ammous, S. (2018). The bitcoin standard: the decentralized alternative to central banking. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bailey, A. M., Rettler, B., & Warmke, C. (2021). Philosophy, politics, and economics of cryptocurrency II: The moral landscape of monetary design. Philosophy Compass, 16(11), e12784.
  • Bank of International Settlements. (2022). BIS Annual Economic Report 2022 The future monetary system. https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2022e3.htm
  • Bank of International Settlements. (2022). CBDCs in emerging market economies. https://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap123.htm
  • Bjerg, O. (2017). Designing New Money - The Policy Trilemma of Central Bank Digital Currency. CBS Working Paper, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=298538
  • Bordo, M. D. (1993). The Bretton Woods international monetary system: a historical overview. In A retrospective on the Bretton Woods system: Lessons for international monetary reform (pp. 3-108). University of Chicago Press.
  • Brunnermeier, M. K., James, H., & Landau, J. P. (2019). The digitalization of money (No. w26300). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Butler, S. (2022). The Philosophy of Bitcoin and the Question of Money. Theory, Culture & Society, 39(5), 81-102.
  • Caliskan, K. (2020). Data money: The socio-technical infrastructure of cryptocurrency blockchains. Economy and Society, 49(4), 540-561.
  • Cohen, G. A. (2011). On the currency of egalitarian justice, and other essays in political philosophy. Princeton University Press.
  • Dietsch, P. (2021). Money creation, debt, and justice. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 20(2), 151-179.
  • Dodd, N. (2018). The social life of Bitcoin. Theory, culture & society, 35(3), 35-56.
  • Eichengreen, B. (2019). From commodity to fiat and now to crypto: what does history tell us? (No. w25426). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Fukuyama, F. (1996). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. Simon and Schuster. Goldstein, J. (2020). Money: The True Story of a Made-Up Thing. Atlantic Books.
  • Hayek, F.A. (1984) F. A. Hayek on Monetary Policy, the Gold Standard, Deficits, Inflation, and John Maynard Keynes [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYhEDxFwFRU
  • Humphrey, T. M. (1991). Nonneutrality of money in classical monetary thought. FRB Richmond Economic Review, 77(2), 3-15.
  • International Monetary Fund. (2022). Nigeria: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; Staff Statement, and Statement by the Executive Director for Nigeria. IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2022/02/09/Nigeria-2021-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-Staff-Statement-and-512944
  • López-Córdova, J. E., & Meissner, C. M. (2003). Exchange-rate regimes and international trade: Evidence from the classical gold standard era. American economic review, 93(1), 344-353.
  • Mooradian, N. (2009). The importance of privacy revisited. Ethics and information technology, 11(3), 163-174.
  • Morillon, T. G., & Chacon, R. G. (2022). Dissecting the stock to flow model for Bitcoin. Studies in Economics and Finance.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized business review, 21260.
  • Nelms, T. C., Maurer, B., Swartz, L., & Mainwaring, S. (2018). Social payments: Innovation, trust, Bitcoin, and the sharing economy. Theory, culture & society, 35(3), 13-33.
  • Ozili, P.K, eNaira Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) For Financial Inclusion In Nigeria (2023). Digital Economy, Energy and Sustainability, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4237168
  • Ozili, P. K. (2023). Determinants of interest in eNaira and financial inclusion information in Nigeria: role of Fintech, cryptocurrency and central bank digital currency. Digital Transformation and Society, (ahead-of-print).
  • Peneder, M. (2022). Digitization and the evolution of money as a social technology of account. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 32(1), 175-203.
  • Sahin, G. & Bulut, E. (2021). Paranın Evrim Sürecinde Kriptoparaların Geleceği. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi , 23 (2) , 485-508 .
  • Sandelin, B., & Trautwein, H. M. (2014). A short history of economic thought. Routledge.
  • Togay, S. (1998). Paranın ve Bankacılık Sektörünün Evrim Süreci. Ekonomik Yaklasim, 9(28), 45-63.
  • Trozze, A., Kamps, J., Akartuna, E. A., Hetzel, F. J., Kleinberg, B., Davies, T., & Johnson, S. D. (2022). Cryptocurrencies and future financial crime. Crime Science, 11, 1-35.
  • Wezel, T., & Ree, J. (2023). Nigeria—Fostering Financial Inclusion through Digital Financial Services. https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/Selected-Issues Papers/2023/English/SIPEA2023020.ashx
  • Wray, L. R. (2002). State money. International Journal of Political Economy, 32(3), 23-40.

Evolution of Money from Stones to Digital Blocks: Transformation of Value

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 109, 231 - 245, 20.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1256320

Öz

This study examines the evolutionary route of money and discusses its transformation with increasing digitalization. Although economic thought has focused on different topics and employed different analyses throughout history, concepts such as value and justice have always been part of the discussion. Approaches regarding the functions of money have also changed with digitalization and new possibilities have emerged regarding its impact on social structure. As central banks are also joining this journey, which started with bitcoin using blockchain technology, it is of great importance that the practices to be implemented eliminate concerns raised in the past and are functional in terms of equality and justice. This paper discusses the current framework, along with important themes in economic history and the development of decentralized technologies that aim to alter functions of money. The opportunities and potential risks are identified and possible scenarios for the future are discussed in conclusion.

Kaynakça

  • Ammous, S. (2018). The bitcoin standard: the decentralized alternative to central banking. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bailey, A. M., Rettler, B., & Warmke, C. (2021). Philosophy, politics, and economics of cryptocurrency II: The moral landscape of monetary design. Philosophy Compass, 16(11), e12784.
  • Bank of International Settlements. (2022). BIS Annual Economic Report 2022 The future monetary system. https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2022e3.htm
  • Bank of International Settlements. (2022). CBDCs in emerging market economies. https://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap123.htm
  • Bjerg, O. (2017). Designing New Money - The Policy Trilemma of Central Bank Digital Currency. CBS Working Paper, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=298538
  • Bordo, M. D. (1993). The Bretton Woods international monetary system: a historical overview. In A retrospective on the Bretton Woods system: Lessons for international monetary reform (pp. 3-108). University of Chicago Press.
  • Brunnermeier, M. K., James, H., & Landau, J. P. (2019). The digitalization of money (No. w26300). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Butler, S. (2022). The Philosophy of Bitcoin and the Question of Money. Theory, Culture & Society, 39(5), 81-102.
  • Caliskan, K. (2020). Data money: The socio-technical infrastructure of cryptocurrency blockchains. Economy and Society, 49(4), 540-561.
  • Cohen, G. A. (2011). On the currency of egalitarian justice, and other essays in political philosophy. Princeton University Press.
  • Dietsch, P. (2021). Money creation, debt, and justice. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 20(2), 151-179.
  • Dodd, N. (2018). The social life of Bitcoin. Theory, culture & society, 35(3), 35-56.
  • Eichengreen, B. (2019). From commodity to fiat and now to crypto: what does history tell us? (No. w25426). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Fukuyama, F. (1996). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. Simon and Schuster. Goldstein, J. (2020). Money: The True Story of a Made-Up Thing. Atlantic Books.
  • Hayek, F.A. (1984) F. A. Hayek on Monetary Policy, the Gold Standard, Deficits, Inflation, and John Maynard Keynes [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYhEDxFwFRU
  • Humphrey, T. M. (1991). Nonneutrality of money in classical monetary thought. FRB Richmond Economic Review, 77(2), 3-15.
  • International Monetary Fund. (2022). Nigeria: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; Staff Statement, and Statement by the Executive Director for Nigeria. IMF. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2022/02/09/Nigeria-2021-Article-IV-Consultation-Press-Release-Staff-Report-Staff-Statement-and-512944
  • López-Córdova, J. E., & Meissner, C. M. (2003). Exchange-rate regimes and international trade: Evidence from the classical gold standard era. American economic review, 93(1), 344-353.
  • Mooradian, N. (2009). The importance of privacy revisited. Ethics and information technology, 11(3), 163-174.
  • Morillon, T. G., & Chacon, R. G. (2022). Dissecting the stock to flow model for Bitcoin. Studies in Economics and Finance.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Decentralized business review, 21260.
  • Nelms, T. C., Maurer, B., Swartz, L., & Mainwaring, S. (2018). Social payments: Innovation, trust, Bitcoin, and the sharing economy. Theory, culture & society, 35(3), 13-33.
  • Ozili, P.K, eNaira Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) For Financial Inclusion In Nigeria (2023). Digital Economy, Energy and Sustainability, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4237168
  • Ozili, P. K. (2023). Determinants of interest in eNaira and financial inclusion information in Nigeria: role of Fintech, cryptocurrency and central bank digital currency. Digital Transformation and Society, (ahead-of-print).
  • Peneder, M. (2022). Digitization and the evolution of money as a social technology of account. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 32(1), 175-203.
  • Sahin, G. & Bulut, E. (2021). Paranın Evrim Sürecinde Kriptoparaların Geleceği. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi , 23 (2) , 485-508 .
  • Sandelin, B., & Trautwein, H. M. (2014). A short history of economic thought. Routledge.
  • Togay, S. (1998). Paranın ve Bankacılık Sektörünün Evrim Süreci. Ekonomik Yaklasim, 9(28), 45-63.
  • Trozze, A., Kamps, J., Akartuna, E. A., Hetzel, F. J., Kleinberg, B., Davies, T., & Johnson, S. D. (2022). Cryptocurrencies and future financial crime. Crime Science, 11, 1-35.
  • Wezel, T., & Ree, J. (2023). Nigeria—Fostering Financial Inclusion through Digital Financial Services. https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/Selected-Issues Papers/2023/English/SIPEA2023020.ashx
  • Wray, L. R. (2002). State money. International Journal of Political Economy, 32(3), 23-40.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Orhon Can Dağtekin 0000-0002-8680-6114

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 109

Kaynak Göster

APA Dağtekin, O. C. (2023). Evolution of Money from Stones to Digital Blocks: Transformation of Value. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi(109), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1256320