The Effect of Health Expenditures on Human Capital: A Panel Data Analysis of OECD Economies

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 112, 103 - 134, 05.12.2023

Aslı Zakire Yüksel , Haluk Şengün

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1168935

Öz

Health is one of the basic components of Human Capital according to The World Bank Human Capital Index, along with education. Health status is the physical and mental performance of individuals in sustaining their daily normal activities. The health expenditures are one of the most prominent determinants of health status. This paper estimates the effects of health expenditures on health status as an input and a proxy of human capital for OECD Economies through a Health Production Function based on The Grossman Model. Life Expectancy at Birth (LEBIRTH), Infant Mortality Rates (IMR), Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) are used as measures of health status. The Ratio of Total Health Expenditures to GDP, percapita Total Health Expenditures, percapita Public Health Expenditures, percapita Private Health Expenditures, percapita Pharmaceutical Health Expenditures are specified as independent variables. Fixed Effects and Random Effects models are used due to the results of Haussman Test. Results suggest that health expenditures have significant effects on health status and so on human capital and economic growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Healthcare Expenditure, Health Status, Human Capital, Growth

Sağlık Harcamalarının Beşeri Sermayeye Etkisi: OECD Ekonomilerinin Panel Veri Analizi

Öz

Dünya Bankası Beşeri Sermaye Endeksi’ne göre beşeri sermaye, “eğitim ve sağlık” bileşenlerinden oluşmaktadır. Sağlık statüsü, bir toplumda bireylerin normal gündelik aktivitelerini sürdürebilmesini sağlayabilecek fiziksel ve mental performansıdır. Sağlık statüsünün en önemli belirleyicilerinden biri ise sağlık harcamalarıdır. Bu çalışmada; Grossman Modeli’ne dayanan bir Sağlık Üretim Fonksiyonu aracılığıyla, 32 OECD ekonomisinin 2000-2018 dönemi dengesiz panel veri seti ve 24 OECD ekonomisinin 2000-2015 dönemi dengeli panel veri seti kullanılarak; sağlık harcamalarının beşeri sermayenin bir girdisi ve aynı zamanda proxy’si olan sağlık statüsüne etkisi tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılan sağlık statüsü ölçütleri şunlardır: Doğuştan Yaşam Beklentisi (LEBIRTH), Bir Yaş Altı Bebek Ölüm Oranları (IMR), Kaybedilen Potansiyel Yaşam Yılları’dır (PYLL). Bağımsız değişkenler ise Toplam Sağlık Harcamalarının GSYİH’ya Oranı, Kişibaşı Kamusal Sağlık Harcamaları, Kişibaşı Özel Sağlık Harcamaları ve Kişibaşı İlaç Harcamalarıdır. Analizlerde Hausman Testi sonuçlarına göre Sabit Etkiler ve Rassal Etkiler modelleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular; sağlık harcamalarının sağlık statüsünü, dolayısıyla da beşeri sermaye ve ekonomik büyümeyi anlamlı ve beklenen yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sağlık harcamaları, sağlık statüsü, beşeri sermaye, büyüme

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Kaynakça

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