Fikri Mülkiyete Liberteryen Bakış: Deontolojik ve Sonuçsalcı Yaklaşımlar

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 114, 21 - 44

Dilara Buket Didin

https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.1448987

Cited By: 1

Öz

Son yıllarda giderek artan sayıda liberteryen, fikri mülkiyet haklarının meşruiyetin- den şüphe duymaya başlamıştır. Liberteryenler, “sonuçsalcı” ve “deontolojik” olmak üzere iki felsefi çizgide konumlandırılabilir. Sonuçsalcı çizgidekiler, “laissez faire”in, toplumun tüm üyeleri ya da en azından çoğu tarafından tercih edilen fayda mak- simizasyonunu gerçekleştireceği fikrine dayanmakta; deontolojik çizgidekiler ise ahlaki normlardan hareket etmektedir. Makalede bu ayrıma istinaden fikri mülkiyeti kabul eden ve reddeden liberteryenlerin görüşleri ikiye ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca liberteryen düşünürlerin görüşleri, ilk olarak öncü ve daha sonra modern liberteryenler olmak üzere kronolojik olarak ele alınmıştır. Son olarak bu makalenin temel odağı telif hakkı ve patenttir. Zira fikri mülkiyetle ilgili tartışmaların çoğunun telif hakkı ve patentin meşruiyetine odaklanmaktadır. Fikri mülkiyeti deontolojik çizgiden kabul eden düşünürler, Locke’çu emek teorisinden hareket etmekte; reddedenler, fikri mülkiyetin diğer insanların özgürlüğünü sınırlandıran devlet imtiyazları olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Sonuçsalcı yaklaşımdan fikri mülkiyeti kabul edenler ise fikri mülkiyetin inovasyona teşvik ederek faydayı artırdığını iddia etmekte, reddedenler de bunun aksini savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fikri mülkiyet, liberteryenizm, telif hakkı, patent

A Libertarian View of Intellectual Property: Deontological and Consequentialist Approaches

Öz

In recent years, a growing number of libertarians have begun to doubt the legitimacy of intellectual property (IP) rights. Libertarians can be positioned along two philosophical lines: “Consequentialist” and “deontological”. Consequentialists believe that laissez-faire will lead to utility maximization preferred by all or at least most members of society; deontologists are guided by moral norms. Based on this distinction, the article analyzes the views of libertarians who accept and reject IP. In addition, the views of libertarians are analyzed chronologically, first the pioneer and then the modern. Finally, the main focus of this article is copyrights and patents. This is because most of the debates on IP focus on the legitimacy of copyrights and patents. Thinkers who accept IP from the deontological line are based on Lockean labor theory; those who reject it argue that IP is a state privilege that limits the freedom of other people. Those who accept IP from a consequentialist approach argue that IP increases utility by encouraging innovation, while those who reject it argue the opposite.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intellectual property, libertarianism, copyright, patent

Kaynakça

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