Experimental Evidence for the Effects of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) on Freshwater Ecosystems: A Narrative Review with Management Directions for Turkish Inland Waters

Abstract

The management of common carp Cyprinus carpio has become a priority issue in most of its native range and where it has been introduced. This is because of the effects (both documented and anecdotal) on freshwater ecosystems that the species is able to exert. To provide a general framework for future management of introductions of this species, this study presents a near-comprehensive, “narrative” review (complementing a “systematic” review: Vilizzi, Tarkan, Copp 2015) of experimental studies of the impacts of common carp spanning almost nine decades. Based on 139 experiments presenting results for a total of 400 “assessments” aimed at evaluating the effects of C. carpio on selected ecological components, a conceptual model linking both abiotic (i.e. turbidity/suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus) and biotic components (i.e. phytoplankton/chlorophyll a, aquatic macrophytes, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, amphibians, waterfowl, fish) was refined. Given the status of C. carpio as a species of low concern in Turkish inland waters and its overall unsuccessful recruitment in stocked reservoirs, in the light of the present findings it is suggested that environmental managers should consider targeting shallow (natural) lakes for successful fisheries yields, but conditional upon careful assessment of the economic benefits vs. ecological risks involved.

Keywords

• laboratory, field, natural, reservoirs, shallow lakes

Sazanın (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) Tatlısu Ekosistemlerine Etkileri İçin Deneysel Kanıt: Türkiye İç Suları İçin Yönetim Yönlendirmeleri Derlemesi

Öz

Sazan Cyprinus carpio balığının yönetimi türün doğal olarak bulunduğu alanların çoğunda ve aşılandığı alanlarda öncelikli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu durum türün tatlısu ekosistemlerine yaptığı hem belgelenmiş hem de anlatılan etkileri nedeniyle ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu türün aşılamalarının gelecekteki yönetimi için genel bir çerçeve oluşturmayı amaçlayan bu çalışma, sazanın etkileri üzerine gerçekleştirilen deneysel çalışmaların neredeyse 90 yıllık bir taramasını içeren ve yakın zamanda bu konuda yayımlanan “sistematik” bir derlemenin (Vilizzi, Tarkan, Copp 2015) tamamlayıcısı olacak şekilde dizayn edilen kapsamlı bir derlemesidir. Seçilmiş ekolojik bileşenler üzerine C. carpio’nun etkilerini değerlendirmeyi hedefleyen 139 deneysel çalışmaya dayalı toplam 400 “değerlendirme” için, abiotik (bulanıklık/askıda katı madde, nitrojen, fosfor) ve biotik (fitoplankton/klorofil a, sucul makrofitler, zooplankton, bentik omurgasızlar, amfibiler, su kuşları ve balıklar) faktörleri ilişkilendiren kavramsal bir model önceki çalışmalardan ayıklanmıştır. C. carpio’nun Türkiye içsularındaki ekosistem etkileri anlamında az endişe veren durumu ve stoklandığı rezervuarlardaki başarısız stok oluşturma durumundan dolayı, elde edilen bulgular ışığında çevresel yöneticilerin bu balıktan başarılı balıkçılık ürünleri elde edebilmek için stoklamalarda sığ doğal gölleri hedeflemesi gerektiği ancak bunun türün ekonomik yararlarına karşı içerdiği ekolojik riskleri de hesaba katarak yapması gerektiği önerilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Laboratuvar; arazi; doğal; rezervuar; sığ göller

Kaynakça

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