Türkiye’deki Bir Baraj Gölünde Doğal Olarak Bulunan Yayın Balıklarının (Silurus glanis) Besin Değişimi ve Av Seçiciliği

Öz

Bu çalışmada Menzelet Baraj Gölü’ndeki (Türkiye) yayın balıklarının besin değişimleri ve av seçicilikleri çalışılmıştır. Yayın balığının beslenme diyeti 6 balık türü, 1 yengeç (Potamon sp.) ve 1 sülük (Hirudo sp.)’ten oluşmuştur. Besin kompozisyonunu ağırlıklı olarak Alburnus kotsychyi, Capoeta angorae, Capoeta erhani, Luciobarbus pectoralis ve Silurus glanis‘i içeren balıklar oluşturmuş ve en önemli besinsel av ise A. kotsychyi olmuştur. Yayın balıklarının besin kompozisyonu kış ve sonbaharda sadece balıklardan oluşurken, bahar ve yaz döneminde diyette çok küçük bir oranda yengeç ve sülük bulunmuştur. Bu nedenle, bahar ve yaz döneminde besleneme kış ve sonbahara göre daha heterojendir. X² ve G istatistik değerlerine göre av çeşitleri mevsimsel olarak değişiklik göstermiş (P<0,05) ve bu varyasyonun kaynağı özellikle kış sezonundan ve C. angorae’dan kaynaklanmıştır. Av boyu avcı boyuna göre değişmemiştir. Besin seçicilik indeksine (V) göre, yayın balıkları besinsel seçicilik göstermemişlerdir. En çok tercih edilen besinsel av A. kotsychyi’dür ancak bu avın da seçicilik indeksi istatistiki açıdan önemsiz bulunmuştur (V=-0,112, X²=2,509 ve P>0,05).  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yayın balığı
• Silurus glanis
• diyet
• besin seçiciliği

Diet Shift and Prey Selection of the Native European Catfish, Silurus glanis, in a Turkish Reservoir

Abstract

Diet and prey selection of European catfish were studied in Menzelet Reservoir in Turkey. Diet of European catfish composed of 6 prey fish species, 1 crab (Potamon sp.) and 1 leech (Hirudo sp.). Diet composition was dominated by fish, including Alburnus kotsychyi, Capoeta angorae, Capoeta erhani, Luciobarbus pectoralis, Silurus glanis and the most important prey item was A. kotsychyi. The diet of European catfish was constituted solely by fish in winter and autumn while crab and leech contributed to a small part of the diet in spring and summer. Therefore, feeding was more heterogeneous in spring and summer than winter and autumn. The values of X² and G statistics indicated a significant difference (P<0.05) in the seasonal proportions of prey types consumed and main source of variation comes from C. angorae in winter. Prey size did not change according to the predator size. According to the prey selection indices (V), European catfish did not show prey selectivity. A. kotsychyi was the most preferred prey, but its selection index was not statistically significant (V=-0.112, X²=2.509 and P>0.05). 

Keywords

• European catfish
• Silurus glanis
• diet
• prey selection

Kaynakça

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