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Bellek ve Acı: Tom Stoppard’ın Leopoldstadt Oyununun Holokost Bağlamında İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 73, 1 - 7, 15.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.55590/literatureandhumanities.1470314

Öz

Bugün hayatta olan 1937 doğumlu Yahudi kökenli oyun yazarı Tom Stoppard, 2020 tarihli Leopoldstadt oyununda kendi geçmişini, holokost yani Yahudi soykırımı açısından yansıtır. Leopoldstadt Stoppard’ın geçmişten günümüze kadar olan süreçte yaşantısını otobiyografik bir aile hikâyesi olarak aktarırken, aynı zamanda yazarı modern çağda acıyla örülmüş geçmişiyle de yüzleştirir. Modernite ve Modernizm süreçleri ile gelişim ve dönüşüşüme uğrayan modern bireyin ve Avrupa’nın yanı sıra tarihsel sürecin arka planda bıraktığı travmatik izler holokost gerçeğini gözler önüne serer. Bu bakımdan Leopoldstadt modern dünyanın yol açtığı değişimlerle başa çıkmaya çalışan karakterlerin geçmiş anıları ile yüzleşmelerinin ve holokostun sebep olduğu unutulmaz izleri modern ve postmodern Yahudi toplumlarının belleği üzerindeki etkisini anlamak açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın teorik çerçevesini ise Zygmunt Bauman’ın modernite ile ilgili görüşleri oluşturmaktadır. Bauman, modernite ve holokost konularına önemli katkılarda bulunmuş bir düşünürdür ve çalışmaları, modern dünyanın karmaşıklıklarını anlamak için önemli açıklamalar barındırır. Bauman’ın modernite eleştirisi, Leopoldstadt’ın holokostun etkilerini ve modern dünyanın karanlık yüzlerini ele almasına da öncülük eder. Bu çalışma modernitenin karanlık yanlarından biri olarak holokostun yıkıcı etkilerini tecrübe eden Stoppard’ın, Yahudi kimliği ve modern çağda karşılaştığı zorluklar arasındaki etkileşimi nasıl ele aldığına odaklanır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Leopoldstadt oyununda tarihsel sürecin travmatik acı gerçeklerini bellek ve tarih arasındaki ilişki perspektifinde değerlendirmektir.

Kaynakça

  • Alighieri, D. (1996). The Divine Comedy: Inferno. (R. M. Durling, Ed. & Trans.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Arendt, H. (1976). The origins of totalitarianism. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Barthes, R. (1986). Reality effect. In The rustle of language. (R. Howard, Trans.). New York City: Hill and Wang.
  • Bauman, Z. (1989). Modernity and the holocaust. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Berman, M. (1982). All that is solid melts into air. London: Penguin Books.
  • Bradbury, M., & McFarlane, J. (1978). Modernism: A guide to European literature, 1890-1930. London: Penguin Books.
  • Craig, B. (2002). Selected themes in the literature on memory and their pertinence to archives. The American Archivist, 65(2), 276–289.
  • Friedman, S. S. (2009). Definitional excursions: The meanings of modern/modernity/Modernism. In P. L. Caughie (Ed.), Disciplining modernism, 11-32. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Glancy, J. (2021). Tom Stoppard: My secret holocaust history. The Times, September 5. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/ article/tom-stoppard-my-secret-Holocaust-history-5k58ns9b8.
  • Habermas, J., McCarthy, T., & Lawrence, F. (1990). The philosophical discourse of modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Hellig, J. (2003). The holocaust and anti-semitism: A short history. Oneworld Oxford Publication.
  • Hoffman, E. (2000). The uses of hell. New York Review of Books.
  • Lee, H. (2021). Tom Stoppard: A life. New York: Vintage Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Marcuse, H. (n.d.). Adorno, Poetry and Auschwitz [Web page]. Herbert Marcuse Official Website. Retrieved February 17, 2024, from https://www.marcuse.org/herbert/people/adorno/AdornoPoetryAuschwitzQuote.htm
  • Roth, C. H. (2008). The fate of holocaust memories. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Silman, R. (2021). Book review: Tom Stoppard’s “Leopoldstadt” — Closing the circle, perfectly. The Arts Fuse. April 7. Retrieved from https://artsfuse.org/226212/book-review-tom-stoppards-leopoldstadt-closing-the-circle-perfectly/
  • Stoppard, T. (2020). Leopoldstadt. London: Faber and Faber.
  • Terdiman, R. (1993). Present past: Modernity and the memory crisis. Baltimore, MD, United States: Cornell University Press.
  • Trezise, T. (2017). Witnessing the disaster: Essays on representation and the holocaust. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Memory and Pain: A Critical Examination of Tom Stoppard’s Leopoldstadt through the Holocaust

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 73, 1 - 7, 15.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.55590/literatureandhumanities.1470314

Öz

Tom Stoppard, a playwright of Jewish origin born in 1937 and still alive, reflects his own past in terms of the Holocaust in his 2020 play Leopoldstadt. While Leopoldstadt conveys Stoppard’s life from past to present as an autobiographical family story, it also confronts the author with his painful past in the modern age. Besides the modern individual and Europe, both having undergone development and transformation with Modernity and Modernism, the traumatic traces left behind by the historical process reveal the reality of the Holocaust. In this respect, Leopoldstadt is important in terms of understanding the impact of the characters’ confrontation with their past memories and unforgettable traces caused by the Holocaust on the memory of modern and postmodern Jewish societies. The theoretical framework of this study is based on Zygmunt Bauman’s views on modernity. Bauman is a thinker who has made significant contributions to the issues of modernity and the Holocaust, and his work contains important explanations for understanding the complexities of the modern world. His critique of modernity also leads Leopoldstadt to address the effects of the Holocaust and the dark sides of the modern world. This study focuses on how Stoppard, who experienced the devastating effects of the Holocaust, addresses the interplay between his Jewish identity and the challenges he faced in the modern age. The aim of this study is to evaluate the traumatic painful realities of the historical process in the play Leopoldstadt from the perspective of the relationship between memory and history.

Kaynakça

  • Alighieri, D. (1996). The Divine Comedy: Inferno. (R. M. Durling, Ed. & Trans.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Arendt, H. (1976). The origins of totalitarianism. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Barthes, R. (1986). Reality effect. In The rustle of language. (R. Howard, Trans.). New York City: Hill and Wang.
  • Bauman, Z. (1989). Modernity and the holocaust. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Berman, M. (1982). All that is solid melts into air. London: Penguin Books.
  • Bradbury, M., & McFarlane, J. (1978). Modernism: A guide to European literature, 1890-1930. London: Penguin Books.
  • Craig, B. (2002). Selected themes in the literature on memory and their pertinence to archives. The American Archivist, 65(2), 276–289.
  • Friedman, S. S. (2009). Definitional excursions: The meanings of modern/modernity/Modernism. In P. L. Caughie (Ed.), Disciplining modernism, 11-32. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Glancy, J. (2021). Tom Stoppard: My secret holocaust history. The Times, September 5. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/ article/tom-stoppard-my-secret-Holocaust-history-5k58ns9b8.
  • Habermas, J., McCarthy, T., & Lawrence, F. (1990). The philosophical discourse of modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Hellig, J. (2003). The holocaust and anti-semitism: A short history. Oneworld Oxford Publication.
  • Hoffman, E. (2000). The uses of hell. New York Review of Books.
  • Lee, H. (2021). Tom Stoppard: A life. New York: Vintage Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Marcuse, H. (n.d.). Adorno, Poetry and Auschwitz [Web page]. Herbert Marcuse Official Website. Retrieved February 17, 2024, from https://www.marcuse.org/herbert/people/adorno/AdornoPoetryAuschwitzQuote.htm
  • Roth, C. H. (2008). The fate of holocaust memories. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Silman, R. (2021). Book review: Tom Stoppard’s “Leopoldstadt” — Closing the circle, perfectly. The Arts Fuse. April 7. Retrieved from https://artsfuse.org/226212/book-review-tom-stoppards-leopoldstadt-closing-the-circle-perfectly/
  • Stoppard, T. (2020). Leopoldstadt. London: Faber and Faber.
  • Terdiman, R. (1993). Present past: Modernity and the memory crisis. Baltimore, MD, United States: Cornell University Press.
  • Trezise, T. (2017). Witnessing the disaster: Essays on representation and the holocaust. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Yavuz Çelik 0000-0002-0439-3302

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 73

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik, Y. (2024). Memory and Pain: A Critical Examination of Tom Stoppard’s Leopoldstadt through the Holocaust. Edebiyat Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi(73), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.55590/literatureandhumanities.1470314