Uluslararası Ticari Tahkimde Yasadışı Mali Kazançlar: Hakem Heyetinin Görevi

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 29, 121 - 140, 15.01.2025

Erman Eroğlu

Öz

Tahkim yargılamalarının gizliliği, ilgili tarafların mahremiyetinin korunmasını sağlayan temel bir kural olduğundan büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte, tahkimin sağladığı gizlilik, zaman zaman suç faaliyetlerinin tespit edilmesini de engelleyebilmektedir. Bu durum, tahkim bağlamında yasadışı mali kazanç riskine yol açabilmektedir. Bu makale, hakem heyetlerinin böyle bir hususla karşılaşmasını iki durum özelinde incelemektedir. İlk durum, hakem heyetinin davaya bakma yetkisine itiraz edildiği ve bunun sonucunda altta yatan esas sözleşmenin uygulanacak hukuk bağlamında geçersiz olmasının ele alınmasıdır. Bu gibi durumlarda, hakem heyeti, tahkim sürecinin bütünlüğünü korurken bu geçersizliğin sonuçlarını yönetmekle görevlendirilmektedir. İkinci durum, altta yatan sözleşmenin geçerli kabul edildiği ancak yasadışı mali faaliyetlerle iç içe geçtiği durumlarla ilgilidir. Bu durumda, hakem heyetinin uluslararası kamu düzeni kurallarına mı başvuracağı yoksa sözleşmenin tabi olduğu yargı alanından başka bir yargı alanının emredici kuralları mı uygulanacağı sorusu gündeme gelmektedir. Bu çalışma, tahkim yargılamasında yasadışı mali faaliyetlere karşılaşan hakem heyetinin bu süreçte nasıl hareket etmesi gerektiği ve gizlilik ile suçu bildirme yükümlülüğü arasındaki rolü incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uluslararası ticari tahkim, gizlilik, yasadışı mali faaliyetler, kamu düzeni, kompetenz-kompetenz

ILLICIT FINANCIAL GAINS IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION: THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL’S DUTY

Öz

The confidentiality of arbitration proceedings is paramount, as it is a fundamental principle that safeguards the privacy of the parties involved. However, this confidentiality that arbitration affords can also, on occasion, serve to obscure criminal activities. This can give rise to considerable risks of illicit financial gain within arbitration. Arbitral tribunals operate without a specific regulatory framework explicitly tailored to address issues that may arise from underlying contract in dispute. This article examines how arbitral tribunals address potential misconduct in two distinct scenarios. The first scenario considers cases where the tribunal’s jurisdiction is contested, resulting in a determination that the underlying contract is invalid under the applicable legal framework. In such circumstances, the tribunal is tasked with navigating the implications of this invalidity while upholding the integrity of the arbitration process. The second scenario pertains to instances where the underlying contract is deemed valid yet entangled with illicit financial activities. In this instance, the tribunal is confronted with a pivotal decision: whether to invoke the rules of international public order or to apply mandatory rules from a jurisdiction other than that which governs the contract. If the tribunal uncovers evidence of illicit activities, it may withdraw from the case or declare the contract invalid by invoking principles of international public policy and foreign mandatory regulations. This study examines these potential responses, elucidating the tribunal’s role in balancing confidentiality and the imperative of addressing and preventing criminal conduct during arbitration proceedings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

International commercial arbitration, confidentiality, illicit financial activities, public policy, kompetenz-kompetenz

Kaynakça

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