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Arkeolojik Çalışmalar Işığında Yerkurgan Merkez Tapınağı Ve Zerdüştçülük Tapınak Mimarisi

Yıl 2022, , 1 - 57, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54577/lycus.1095102

Öz

Bu makalede, Orta Asya’nın Güney Sogdiana Bölgesi Kaşkaderya Nehri yakınında Demir Çağı’nda gelişmiş Yerkurgan Şehir Harabesi’nde Özbek ve Türk bilim adamlarının ortaklığında 2018 yılında gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik kazı çalışmalarından elde edilen veriler değerlendirildi. Tarihi Buhara- Nahşeb (Nesef) şehirleri arasında İpek Yolu üzerinde bulunan Orta Asya’nın en eski ve büyük şehirlerinden biri olan Yerkurgan Şehir Harabesi’nin ortasında gün yüzüne çıkarılan Merkez Tapınağı kalıntısı muhtemelen Zerdüştçülük ile bağlantılı su-nehir ve ateş ilahlarına adanmıştı. Muhtemelen tapınak ilk yapıldığında merkezi planlı iken sonradan üzerinde ateş altarı bulunan kutsal açık hava platformuna dönüştürüldü. Büyük Merkez Tapınağı ile yanındaki küçük Doğu Tapınağı ve aralarındaki açık hava dinsel törenlerinde kullanılan ateş altarı kaidesi, Pencikent tapınakları gibi Zerdüştçülük inancı ile bağlantılı resmi dinsel bir kompleks oluşturmaktaydı. Bu dinsel kompleks muhtemelen Geç Antik Çağ’da oluşmuştur. Muhtemelen tapınaklar öncesinde şehrin ortası kutsal bir alandı ve burada ateş kültü ile bağlantılı açık hava resmi dinsel törenleri yapılmaktaydı.

Destekleyen Kurum

İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi (BAP)

Proje Numarası

SBA-2018-29144

Teşekkür

Özbekistan'da Yerkurgan Merkez Tapınağı’nda 2018 yılında gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik projeyi destekleyen İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi’ne desteği için teşekkür ederiz

Kaynakça

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Yerkurgan Central Temple in the Light of Archeological Works and Zoroastrianism Temple Architecture

Yıl 2022, , 1 - 57, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54577/lycus.1095102

Öz

In this article, the data obtained from the archaeological excavations carried out in 2018 with the partnership of Uzbek and Turkish scientists in the Yerkurgan City Ruin, developed in the Iron Age, near the Kashkadarya River in the South Sogdiana Region of Central Asia were evaluated. The ruin of the Central Temple, unearthed in the middle of Yerkurgan City Ruin, one of the oldest and largest cities in Central Asia, located on the Silk Road between the historical cities of Bukhara- Nahsheb (Nasaf), was probably dedicated to the water-river and fire deities associated with Zoroastrianism. Probably, the temple was centrally planned when it was first built, but later it was converted into a sacred open-air platform with an altar of fire. The Great Central Temple and the small Eastern Temple next to it, and the altar base used in open-air religious ceremonies between them, formed an official religious complex associated with Zoroastrianism, like the Penjikent temples. This religious complex was probably formed in Late Antiquity. Presumably, before the temples, the middle of the city was a sacred space, where open-air official religious ceremonies associated with the cult of fire were held.

Proje Numarası

SBA-2018-29144

Kaynakça

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  • Rapen-Hаsаnоv 2013 K. Rapen-M. Hаsаnоv, “Sakralnaya Arhitektura Tsentralnoy Azii s Ahemenidskogo Perioda po Ellinistiçeskuyu Epohu: Mejdu Lokalnımi Traditsiyami i k Kulturnım Transferom”, Kulturnıy Transfer na Perekrestkah Tsentralnoy Azii: Do,Vo Vremya i Posle Velikogo Şelkovogo Puti, Mitsai, Parij-Samarkand, 2013, 42-58.
  • Rapin 2007 C. Rapin, “Nomads And the Shaping of Central Asia: from the Early Iron Age to the Kushan Period”, After Alexander. Central Asia before Islam, Ed. J. Cribb, G. Herrmann, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007, 29-72.
  • Raspopova 1990 V. İ. Raspopova, Jilişça Pendjikenta, Nauka, Leningrad, 1990.
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  • Rosenfield 1967 J. M. Rosenfield, The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans, University of California Press, Berkeley-Los Angeles, 1967.
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  • Sarianidi 1994 V. Sarianidi, “Temples of Bronze Age Margiana: Traditions of Ritual Architecture”, Antiquity 68, 1994, 388-397.
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  • Schlumberger 1955 D. Schlumberger, “Surkh Kotal in Bactria”, Archaeology 8/2, 1955, 82-87.
  • Schlumberger 1959 D. Schlumberger, “Surkh Kotal”, Antiquity 33, 1959, 81-86.
  • Schlumberger-Le Berre-Fussman 1983 D. Schlumberger-M. Le Berre-G. Fussman, Surkh Kotal en Bactriane, Vol.1, De Boccard, Paris, 1983.
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  • Shenkar 2014 M. Shenkar, Intangible Spirits and Graven Images: The Iconography of Deities in the Pre-Islamic Iranian World, Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2014.
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  • Sims-Williams 2012 N. Sims-Williams, “Bactrian Historical Inscriptions of the Kushan Period”, The Silk Road 10, 2012, 76-80.
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  • Yakupov-Mukimov 2011 Y. Yakupov-R. Mukimov, “Tajikistan”, Prominent Archaeological Sites of Central Asia on the Great Silk Road, Ed.: K. Baipakov, Sh. Pidayev, IICAS, Samarkand, 2011, 49-69.
  • Yamamoto 1979 Y. Yamamoto, “The Zoroastrian Temple Cult of Fire in Archaeology and Literature (I)”, Orient 15, 1979 19-53.
  • Yamamoto 1981 Y. Yamamoto, “The Zoroastrian Temple Cult of Fire in Archaeology and Literature (II)”, Orient 17, 1981 67-104.
Toplam 112 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

İbrahim Çeşmeli 0000-0003-4718-8277

Abdisabur Raimkulov 0000-0002-2699-1661

Hande Günözü Ulusoy 0000-0001-5956-9136

Proje Numarası SBA-2018-29144
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Kabul Tarihi 27 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Çeşmeli, İbrahim, Abdisabur Raimkulov, ve Hande Günözü Ulusoy. “Arkeolojik Çalışmalar Işığında Yerkurgan Merkez Tapınağı Ve Zerdüştçülük Tapınak Mimarisi”. Lycus Dergisi, sy. 5 (Haziran 2022): 1-57. https://doi.org/10.54577/lycus.1095102.

Lycus Dergisi, Anadolu Arkeolojisi, Tarihi Coğrafyası olmak üzere Prehistorik Dönem’den başlayarak, günümüze kadar olan kültür mirası, buluntular, arkeolojik kazı ve yüzey araştırmalarının sonuçları, restorasyon, konservasyon, müzecilik, antropoloji, epigrafi, etno-arkeoloji gibi bilimsel çalışmaları kapsar. Bunların dışında ilk defa yapılan tespitler, uygulamalar ve analiz çalışmalarının yer aldığı yazıları içerir.