Yerkurgan Central Temple in the Light of Archeological Works and Zoroastrianism Temple Architecture

Öz

In this article, the data obtained from the archaeological excavations carried out in 2018 with the partnership of Uzbek and Turkish scientists in the Yerkurgan City Ruin, developed in the Iron Age, near the Kashkadarya River in the South Sogdiana Region of Central Asia were evaluated. The ruin of the Central Temple, unearthed in the middle of Yerkurgan City Ruin, one of the oldest and largest cities in Central Asia, located on the Silk Road between the historical cities of Bukhara- Nahsheb (Nasaf), was probably dedicated to the water-river and fire deities associated with Zoroastrianism. Probably, the temple was centrally planned when it was first built, but later it was converted into a sacred open-air platform with an altar of fire. The Great Central Temple and the small Eastern Temple next to it, and the altar base used in open-air religious ceremonies between them, formed an official religious complex associated with Zoroastrianism, like the Penjikent temples. This religious complex was probably formed in Late Antiquity. Presumably, before the temples, the middle of the city was a sacred space, where open-air official religious ceremonies associated with the cult of fire were held.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uzbekistan
• Central Asia
• Sogdiana
• Zoroastrianism
• Temple.

Arkeolojik Çalışmalar Işığında Yerkurgan Merkez Tapınağı Ve Zerdüştçülük Tapınak Mimarisi

Öz

Bu makalede, Orta Asya’nın Güney Sogdiana Bölgesi Kaşkaderya Nehri yakınında Demir Çağı’nda gelişmiş Yerkurgan Şehir Harabesi’nde Özbek ve Türk bilim adamlarının ortaklığında 2018 yılında gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik kazı çalışmalarından elde edilen veriler değerlendirildi. Tarihi Buhara- Nahşeb (Nesef) şehirleri arasında İpek Yolu üzerinde bulunan Orta Asya’nın en eski ve büyük şehirlerinden biri olan Yerkurgan Şehir Harabesi’nin ortasında gün yüzüne çıkarılan Merkez Tapınağı kalıntısı muhtemelen Zerdüştçülük ile bağlantılı su-nehir ve ateş ilahlarına adanmıştı. Muhtemelen tapınak ilk yapıldığında merkezi planlı iken sonradan üzerinde ateş altarı bulunan kutsal açık hava platformuna dönüştürüldü. Büyük Merkez Tapınağı ile yanındaki küçük Doğu Tapınağı ve aralarındaki açık hava dinsel törenlerinde kullanılan ateş altarı kaidesi, Pencikent tapınakları gibi Zerdüştçülük inancı ile bağlantılı resmi dinsel bir kompleks oluşturmaktaydı. Bu dinsel kompleks muhtemelen Geç Antik Çağ’da oluşmuştur. Muhtemelen tapınaklar öncesinde şehrin ortası kutsal bir alandı ve burada ateş kültü ile bağlantılı açık hava resmi dinsel törenleri yapılmaktaydı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Özbekistan
• Orta Asya
• Sogdiana
• Zerdüştçülük
• Tapınak

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