Abstract
İnsan ve hayvan sağlığı konusunda son yıllarda oldukça popüler olan D vitamini pek çok hastalıkla ilişkilendirilmiş fakat köpek nüfusunda ciddi kayıplara sebep olan, mortalite ve bulaşma yüzdesi yüksek olan Parvoviral Gastroenteritis ile enfekte köpeklerde vitamin ile ilişkilendirilen yeterince çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada Parvoviral Gastroenteritli köpeklerde 25 hidroksi vitamin D3 düzeylerinin ölçülmesi ve vitaminin hastalık üzerindeki etkileri hakkında bilgi sahibi olunması amaçlandı. Çalışmada “I. Parvoviral Gastroenteritli Köpekler” ve “II. Sağlıklı Köpekler” olmak üzere iki grup incelendi. Araştırmada canine parvovirus tip 2 (CPV- 2) pozitif olan, 0-12 aylık, farklı cinsiyet ve ırka sahip öncesinde herhangi bir aşılama yapılmamış bir grup köpek ile 0-12 aylık, farklı cinsiyet ve ırka sahip hastalık belirtisi göstermeyen sağlıklı bir grup köpekten kan örneği alınmıştır. Araştırmaya dâhil edilen köpeklerin her birinin Vena cephalica antebrachii’sinden antikoagülansız serum tüplerine 2 ml kan örneği alınarak santrifüje tabi tutulmuş, ardından radyoimmünoassay yöntemi ile bu örneklerdeki 25 hidroksi vitamin D3 düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Yapılan bu tez çalışmasında ise CPV ile enfekte köpekler ile sağlıklı köpekler arasındaki serum 25(OH)D3 seviyeleri arasındaki fark istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmasa da D vitamini metabolitlerinin bilinen immunmodülatör etkileri göz önüne alındığında Parvoviral Gastroenterit ile olası düşük D vitamini seviyeleri arasında ilişki mümkündür.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
Bu araştırma, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu (MAKÜ-HADYEK) tarafından 17.11.2021 tarihinde verilen 831 sayılı etik kurul onayı ile yürütülmüştür.
Supporting Institution
Burdur Mehmet Akif Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü
Project Number
0789-YL-21
References
- Aranow, C. (2011). Vitamin D and the immune system. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 59(6), 881–886. https://doi.org/10.2310/JIM.0b013e31821b8755
- Buonavoglia, C., Martella, V., & Carmichael, L. (2001). Evidence For Evolution of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 In Italy. Journal of General Virology, 82, 3021–3025. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-12-3021
- Çalışkan, M. (2021). Neonatal Buzağı İshallerinde Serum Sitokin Profili ile D Vitamini Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ/Türkiye.
- Demiroğlu, E.D. (2022). Feline Herpesvirus Tip-1 ile Enfekte Kedilerde Vitamin D Düzeyleri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Burdur/ Türkiye.
- Dominguez, L.J., Farruggia, M., & Barbagallo, M. (2021). Vitamin D Sources, Metabolism, and Deficiency: Available Compounds and Guidelines for Its Treatment. Metabolites, 11(4), 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11040255
- Dossin, O., Rupassara, S.I., & Schoeman, J.P. (2011). Effect of Parvoviral Enteritis on Plasma Citrulline Concentration in Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25(2), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0671.x
- Glickman, L.T., Domanski, L.M., & Visintainer, F. (1985). Breed-related risk factors for canine parvovirus enteritis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 187, 589–94.
- Güral, N.K. (2017). Köpeklerde bazı paraziter dermatozlarda serum 25 hidroksi vitamin D3 düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın/Türkiye.
- How, K.L., Hazewinkel, H.A.W., & Mol, J.A. (1995). Photosynthesis of Vitamin D in the Skin of Dogs, Cats and Rats. Veterinary Quarterly, 17(1), 29-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1995.9694579
- Jones, G., Strugnell, S. A., & DeLUCA, H. F. (1998). Current understanding of the molecular actions of vitamin D. Physiological reviews. 78(4). 1193-1231. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1193
- Jones, G. (2018). The Discovery and Synthesis of The Nutritional Factor Vitamin D. International Journal of Paleopathology, 23, 96-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.01.002
- Kartal, G., Haspolat, Y.K., & Taş, F.F. (2019). Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Kemik Sağlığı. 1. Baskı, Ankara: Orient Yayınevi s:355-402.
- Kelman, M., Barrs, V.R., & Ward, M.P. (2019). Canine Parvovirus Prevention and Prevalence. Veterinarian Perceptions and Behaviors. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 104817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104817
- Kilian, E., Suchodolski, J.S., & Unterer, S. (2018). Long-term effects of canine parvovirus infection in dogs. Plos One, 13(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192198
- Liao, D.H., Zhao, J.B., & Gregersen, H. (2009) Gastrointestinal tract modelling in health and disease. World J Gastroenterol; 15(2): 169–176. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.169
- Ling, M., Norris, J.M., & Ward, M.P. (2012). Risk Factors for Death from Canine Parvoviral-Related Disease in Australia. Veterinary Microbiology, 158, 280-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.034
- McCaw, D., & Hoskins, J. (2006). Canine viral enteritis. In: Greene CE, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier; (pp. 63–73.)
- Miranda, C., & Thompson, G. (2016). Canine parvovirus: the worldwide occurrence of antigenic variants. Journal of General Virology, 97, 2043–2057. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000540
- Mitra, S., Paul, S., Roy, S., Sutradhar, H., Bin Emran, T., Nainu, F., Khandaker, M. U., Almalki, M., Wilairatana, P., … & Mubarak, M. S. (2022). Exploring the Immune-Boosting Functions of Vitamins and Minerals as Nutritional Food Bioactive Compounds: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules, 27(2), 555. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020555
- Mohr, A.J., Leisewitz, A.L., & Williams, D.A. (2003). Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition on Intestinal Permeability, Intestinal Protein Loss, and Outcome in Dogs with Severe Parvoviral Enteritis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 17, 791–798. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02516.x
- Morris, J.G. (1999). Ineffective Vitamin D Synthesis in Cats Is Reversed by an Inhibitor of 7-Dehydrocholestrol-Δ7-Reductase. The Journal of Nutrition, 129(4), 903–908. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.4.903
- Penkert, R.R., Azul, M., & Hurwitz, J.L. (2022). Hypothesis: Low Vitamin A and D Levels Worsen Clinical Outcomes
- When Children with Sickle Cell Disease Encounter Parvovirus B19. Nutrients, 14, 3415. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163415
- Savigny, M.R., & Macintire, D.K. (2010). Use of oseltamivir in the treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 20(1), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00404.x
- Yener, O. (2021). Sarkoptik uyuzlu köpeklerde serum 25 hidroksi vitamin d3 düzeylerinin araştırılması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın/Türkiye.
Abstract
Vitamin D has been very popular in human and animal health in recent years. It has been associated with many diseases, but there have not been enough studies on the vitamin in dogs infected with Parvoviral Gastroenteritis, which causes serious losses in the dog population, high mortality, and high transmission rates. In this study, the aim was to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in dogs with Parvoviral Gastroenteritis and to gather information on the effects of vitamin D3 on the disease. In the study, two groups, “I. Dogs with Parvoviral Gastroenteritis” and “II. Healthy Dogs,” were examined. In the study, blood was obtained from a group of 0-12 months old dogs of different sexes and breeds who were positive for canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) that had not been vaccinated before, and a healthy group of dogs 0-12 months of age, of different sexes and breeds, who did not show any signs of disease, sample was taken. 2 ml blood samples were taken from Vena cephalica antebrachii of each of the dogs included in the study into serum tubes without anticoagulant and centrifuged, then 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 levels in these samples were determined by radioimmunoassay method. In this study, although the difference in serum 25(OH)D3 levels between CPV-infected dogs and healthy dogs was not statistically significant, a relationship between Parvoviral Gastroenteritis and possible low vitamin D levels is plausible, given vitamin D metabolites' known immunomodulatory effects.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
This study was conducted after the approval of the Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (MAKÜ-HADYEK-17.11.2021 and No: 831).
Supporting Institution
Burdur Mehmet Akif University's Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit
Project Number
0789-YL-21
References
- Aranow, C. (2011). Vitamin D and the immune system. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 59(6), 881–886. https://doi.org/10.2310/JIM.0b013e31821b8755
- Buonavoglia, C., Martella, V., & Carmichael, L. (2001). Evidence For Evolution of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 In Italy. Journal of General Virology, 82, 3021–3025. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-12-3021
- Çalışkan, M. (2021). Neonatal Buzağı İshallerinde Serum Sitokin Profili ile D Vitamini Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ/Türkiye.
- Demiroğlu, E.D. (2022). Feline Herpesvirus Tip-1 ile Enfekte Kedilerde Vitamin D Düzeyleri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Burdur/ Türkiye.
- Dominguez, L.J., Farruggia, M., & Barbagallo, M. (2021). Vitamin D Sources, Metabolism, and Deficiency: Available Compounds and Guidelines for Its Treatment. Metabolites, 11(4), 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11040255
- Dossin, O., Rupassara, S.I., & Schoeman, J.P. (2011). Effect of Parvoviral Enteritis on Plasma Citrulline Concentration in Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25(2), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0671.x
- Glickman, L.T., Domanski, L.M., & Visintainer, F. (1985). Breed-related risk factors for canine parvovirus enteritis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 187, 589–94.
- Güral, N.K. (2017). Köpeklerde bazı paraziter dermatozlarda serum 25 hidroksi vitamin D3 düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın/Türkiye.
- How, K.L., Hazewinkel, H.A.W., & Mol, J.A. (1995). Photosynthesis of Vitamin D in the Skin of Dogs, Cats and Rats. Veterinary Quarterly, 17(1), 29-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1995.9694579
- Jones, G., Strugnell, S. A., & DeLUCA, H. F. (1998). Current understanding of the molecular actions of vitamin D. Physiological reviews. 78(4). 1193-1231. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1193
- Jones, G. (2018). The Discovery and Synthesis of The Nutritional Factor Vitamin D. International Journal of Paleopathology, 23, 96-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.01.002
- Kartal, G., Haspolat, Y.K., & Taş, F.F. (2019). Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Kemik Sağlığı. 1. Baskı, Ankara: Orient Yayınevi s:355-402.
- Kelman, M., Barrs, V.R., & Ward, M.P. (2019). Canine Parvovirus Prevention and Prevalence. Veterinarian Perceptions and Behaviors. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 104817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104817
- Kilian, E., Suchodolski, J.S., & Unterer, S. (2018). Long-term effects of canine parvovirus infection in dogs. Plos One, 13(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192198
- Liao, D.H., Zhao, J.B., & Gregersen, H. (2009) Gastrointestinal tract modelling in health and disease. World J Gastroenterol; 15(2): 169–176. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.169
- Ling, M., Norris, J.M., & Ward, M.P. (2012). Risk Factors for Death from Canine Parvoviral-Related Disease in Australia. Veterinary Microbiology, 158, 280-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.034
- McCaw, D., & Hoskins, J. (2006). Canine viral enteritis. In: Greene CE, ed. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier; (pp. 63–73.)
- Miranda, C., & Thompson, G. (2016). Canine parvovirus: the worldwide occurrence of antigenic variants. Journal of General Virology, 97, 2043–2057. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000540
- Mitra, S., Paul, S., Roy, S., Sutradhar, H., Bin Emran, T., Nainu, F., Khandaker, M. U., Almalki, M., Wilairatana, P., … & Mubarak, M. S. (2022). Exploring the Immune-Boosting Functions of Vitamins and Minerals as Nutritional Food Bioactive Compounds: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules, 27(2), 555. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020555
- Mohr, A.J., Leisewitz, A.L., & Williams, D.A. (2003). Effect of Early Enteral Nutrition on Intestinal Permeability, Intestinal Protein Loss, and Outcome in Dogs with Severe Parvoviral Enteritis. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 17, 791–798. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02516.x
- Morris, J.G. (1999). Ineffective Vitamin D Synthesis in Cats Is Reversed by an Inhibitor of 7-Dehydrocholestrol-Δ7-Reductase. The Journal of Nutrition, 129(4), 903–908. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.4.903
- Penkert, R.R., Azul, M., & Hurwitz, J.L. (2022). Hypothesis: Low Vitamin A and D Levels Worsen Clinical Outcomes
- When Children with Sickle Cell Disease Encounter Parvovirus B19. Nutrients, 14, 3415. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163415
- Savigny, M.R., & Macintire, D.K. (2010). Use of oseltamivir in the treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 20(1), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00404.x
- Yener, O. (2021). Sarkoptik uyuzlu köpeklerde serum 25 hidroksi vitamin d3 düzeylerinin araştırılması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Aydın/Türkiye.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Medicine |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 0789-YL-21 |
| Submission Date | February 19, 2026 |
| Acceptance Date | March 25, 2026 |
| Publication Date | April 27, 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.1892924 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA24EG32ED |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Issue: 2026 |
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Plagiarism policy
Manuscripts submitted to Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute is evaluated in terms of plagiarism using iThenticate by CrossCheck. Even if you are the author of the phrases or sentences, the text should not have an unacceptable similarity with the previously published data. When you are discussing others' (or your own) previous work, please make sure that you cite the material correctly in every instance.
In the event of alleged or suspected research misconduct, e.g., plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification or fabrication, the Editorial Board will follow and act in accordance with COPE guidelines (https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Guidelines).
Ethical responsibility
Responsibility of Authors
Responsibility of Section Editors
The final content of the journal must align with its stated aims and scope. A critical aspect of publication is maintaining integrity and objectivity, adhering to established industry standards. This includes selecting expert reviewers in the specific manuscript area to ensure rigorous evaluation. All editorial activities should be conducted in accordance with the COPE short guide to ethical editing, available at https://publicationethics.org/files/A_Short_Guide_to_Ethical_Editing.pdf.
Responsibility of Reviewers
Reviewers play a crucial role in scholarly publishing. Their responsibilities to authors include providing timely, unbiased, and constructive feedback on the work's merits, clarity, conciseness, scientific accuracy, originality, and relevance, while avoiding personal criticism and maintaining confidentiality. Toward editors, reviewers must promptly communicate their availability, disclose any conflicts of interest, adhere to review guidelines, and provide a thorough, fair, and informative critique. This critique should assess the work's scientific merit, originality, and scope, suggest improvements, and, if requested, recommend acceptance or rejection. Reviewers should also identify any ethical concerns, such as violations of research ethics or plagiarism, and refrain from direct contact with the authors.
Price Policy
Publication in this journal is completely free. No additional fees are required for publication, application, manuscript processing, and the length of a figure, figure, or supplemental data. Content items (Editors, Revisions, Additions, Withdraws, Letters, Comments, etc.) are completely free.
Indexes
Journal Boards
Editor in-Chief
Doktora Programı ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ - SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ - HELMİNTOLOJİ (DR) 13.02.2004
Co-Editor
Copy-Editing
Language Editor(s)
Layout
Redactor
Advisory Board
Orcid number https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4750-2801
1983 yılında İzmir’de doğdum. İlk, orta ve lise öğrenimimi İzmir’de tamamladıktan sonra, 2007 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi’nde lisans eğitimimi tamamladım. 2010 yılında Yükseköğretim doktora araştırma bursu kapsamında, İskoçya Glasgow Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesinde yürütülen çalışmalara katıldım. 2011 yılında Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsünde Veterinerlik Fizyolojisi alanında doktora unvanını kazandım. 2012-2013 yılları arasında Gıda Kontrol ve Hijyen Denetim subayı olarak askerliğimi yaptıktan sonra, 2013-2016 yılları arasında Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Temel Bilimler Bölümü Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalı'nda Yardımcı Doçent Doktor olarak akademik kariyerime devam ettim. 2016-2022 yılları arasında aynı bölümde Doçent Doktor olarak görev yaptım. 2022 yılında Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Temel Bilimler Bölümü Fizyoloji Anabilim Dalında çalışmaya başladım. Aynı üniversitede 2023 yılından itibaren Profesör olarak görev yapmaktayım. Bilimsel ilgi alanım; üreme endokrinolojisi üzerine endokrin bozucuların etkilerinin in-vitro ortamda incelenmesidir.
Dr. Abdur Rahman Sial is an Associate Professor in the Department of Animal Sciences, specializing in Animal Nutrition, at the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS), Jhang, a sub-campus of the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan.
He earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) and Master of Philosophy (M.Phil) degrees from UVAS, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Animal Nutrition from Afyon Kocatepe University in Turkey.
Dr. Sial began his career as a Graduate Trainee in Agri Services at Engro Foods in December 2009. In February 2010, he joined UVAS as a faculty member and has since been actively involved in teaching and research. His research interests include ruminant nutrition, particularly the use of non-conventional feedstuffs and industrial byproducts in livestock feeds, as well as poultry nutrition, focusing on alternatives to antibiotics and methods to enhance immunity and performance.
Throughout his career, Dr. Sial has published numerous research papers in both national and international journals and has presented his work at various international conferences. He has also contributed to several book chapters and conference papers, reflecting his active engagement in advancing the field of animal nutrition.
UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB, LAHORE
In recognition of his contributions, Dr. Sial has been cited over 465 times, indicating the impact of his research within the scientific community.
Dr. Sial is also involved in supervising postgraduate students, guiding research projects that explore innovative approaches in animal nutrition. His dedication to education and research continues to contribute significantly to advancements in veterinary and animal sciences
Section Editor(s)
Fizyoterapi, fiziksel aktivite, yaşam kalitesi ve egzersiz uzmanlık alanım
The Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute uses the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) for all published articles.