Çocukluk Döneminde Dua (9 Yaş): Nitel Araştırma ve Bağlamsalcı Tematik Analiz

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, dokuz yaşındaki çocukların dua kavramına yükledikleri anlamları ve gündelik dua deneyimlerini gelişimsel, duygusal, ailesel, dinsel, kültürel ve tarihsel bağlamlarında incelemektir. Araştırma, 2019’da Balıkesir’de yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu, ölçüt örneklemeyle belirlenen 108 kız ve 95 erkek olmak üzere 203 çocuktan oluşmuştur. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan nitel anketle üretilmiş; NVivo 15 programında soru-temelli betimsel çözümleme yapılarak bağlamsalcı tematik analiz tekniği uygulanmıştır. Frekans ve yüzdeler yalnızca betimsel görünürlüğü göstermek amacıyla kullanılmış; kısa, karşıt ve belirsiz yanıtlar korunmuştur. Bulgular 2019 veri kesitiyle sınırlandırılarak ‘duanın ilişkisel işlevi ve Allah tasavvuru, dilekten kabule dua deneyimi ve dua dilinin sosyal aktarımı’ şeklinde üç çekirdek tema belirlenmiştir. Bulgular; (i) dua anlayışının isteme ve dileme çevresinde yoğunlaşırken iletişim, korunma, şükür ve ibadeti de kapsadığını; (ii) duanın özellikle ev, gece ve uyku çevresinde ortaya çıkan, dinsel ve kamusal mekânlara da yayılan gündelik bir pratik olduğunu; (iii) yalnız ve aileyle dua etmenin birbirini dışlamadığını; (iv) duanın çoğunlukla güven, rahatlama, umut ve mutlulukla ilişkilendirildiğini; (v) Allah’ın duaları duyup karşılık verdiği inancının baskın olmakla birlikte açıklama, kesinlik ve deneyim bakımından farklılaştığını; (vi) dileklerin kişisel ihtiyaçlardan aileye, arkadaşlara, hastalara ve ölen kişilere genişlediğini; (vii) ezberlenmiş dua kalıplarıyla kendiliğinden sözlerin birlikte kullanıldığını; (viii) bedduanın dua dilinin ahlaki sınırlarını görünür kıldığını göstermiştir. Sonuçta dua, yalnızca dinsel görev veya dilek iletme aracı değil; ihtiyaç, duygu, ilişki, ilahî karşılık beklentisi, sosyal aktarım ve ahlaki yönelimi bütünleştiren bağlama duyarlı bir anlamlandırma pratiği olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Din psikolojisi
• Çocukluk dönemi
• Dua deneyimi
• Dinsel gelişim
• Bağlamsalcı tematik analiz

Prayer in Childhood (Age 9): A Qualitative Study and Contextualist Thematic Analysis

Öz

This article examines the meanings nine-year-old children attribute to prayer and their prayer experiences within developmental, emotional, familial, religious, cultural, and historical contexts. Conducted in Balıkesir in 2019, the study included 203 children (108 girls, 95 boys) selected through criterion sampling. Data were generated through a researcher-developed qualitative questionnaire with open-ended questions and analyzed in NVivo 15 program using question-based descriptive analysis and contextualist thematic analysis technique. Frequencies and percentages were used only descriptively; brief, divergent, and ambiguous responses were retained. Findings were confined to the 2019 data slice and yielded three core themes: prayer’s relational function and conception of God, prayer from petition to acceptance, and social transmission of prayer language. Findings showed that: (i) children’s understanding of prayer centered on asking and wishing while encompassing communication, protection, gratitude, and worship; (ii) prayer was an everyday practice centered on home, nighttime, and sleep, while extending to religious and public settings; (iii) praying alone and with family were not mutually exclusive; (iv) prayer was associated with security, relief, hope, and happiness; (v) belief that God hears and responds to prayers predominated but varied in explanation, certainty, and experience; (vi) petitions extended from personal needs to family, friends, sick people, and the deceased; (vii) memorized formulas and self-formulated expressions were used together; and (viii) imprecatory prayer made the moral boundaries of prayer language visible. Overall, prayer emerged not merely as a religious duty or means of communicating wishes, but as a context-sensitive meaning-making practice integrating need, emotion, relationship, expectation of divine response, social transmission, and moral orientation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychology of religion
• Childhood
• Prayer experience
• Religious development
• Contextualist thematic analysis

Kaynakça

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