Research Article
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The Human Factor in Green Transformation: The Impact of Empowering Leadership, Green Passion and Customer Pressure

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 559 - 577, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1581359

Abstract

Sustainability, which has gained importance in modern businesses, is crucial for enhancing employees’ environmental awareness and creativity. The banking sector, a branch of the finance sector, also pays attention to raising its personnel’s ecological awareness and innovative skills to promote the sector’s sustainability. This study examines the mediating roles of empowering leadership, green passion and customer pressure in influencing the green creative behavior of bank personnel. Within the scope of the study, an online survey was administered to 403 bank personnel working in Balıkesir Province and Bandırma District, using the convenience sampling method. Partial Least Squares (PLS) based Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the study’s data. In the study, it was found that empowering leadership has a significant impact on the green creative behavior of bank personnel and this effect is partially mediated by green passion and customer pressure. This situation reveals that environmental creativity is a phenomenon that is sensitive to both leadership approaches and individual motivation elements, as well as external environmental dynamics, in the organizational context.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval for the study was obtained from the Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University Ethics Committee on December 12, 2023, with decision number 2023-10. The authors declare that the study was conducted in accordance with research and publication ethics. The authors confirm that no part of the study was generated, either wholly or in part, using Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. The authors declare that there are no financial conflicts of interest involving any institution, organization, or individual associated with this article. Additionally, there are no conflicts of interest among the authors. The authors affirm that they contributed equally to all processes of the research.

References

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  • Badar, K., Kundi, Y. M., Siddiquei, A. N., & Abualigah, A. (2023). Linking environmentally-specific empowering leadership to hotel employees’ green creativity: Understanding mechanisms and boundary conditions. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 33(3), 412-435.
  • Bayrakdar, M. (2014). Çalışanların liderlik özellikleri ile örgüte bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. [Unpublished master’s thesis], Turkish Aeronautical A ssociationUniversity.
  • Bernoff, J., & Schadler, T. (2010). Empowered. Harvard Business Review, 88(7/8), 94-101.
  • Bolat, O. İ., Bolat, T., & Seymen, O. A. (2009). Güçlendirici lider davranişları ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişkinin sosyal mübadele kuramından hareketle incelenmesi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(21), 215-239.
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  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A New criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115-135.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested‐self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337-421.
  • Hoe, V. C., Urquhart, D. M., Kelsall, H. L., Zamri, E. N., & Sim, M. R. (2018). Ergonomic interventions for preventing work‐related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb and neck among office workers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10, 1-12.
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  • Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Mitchell, R., & Gudergan, S. P. (2020). Partial least squares structural equation modeling in HRM research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(12), 1617-1643.
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Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 559 - 577, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1581359

Abstract

References

  • Afsar, B., Badir, Y., & Kiani, U. S. (2016). Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: The influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 79-88.
  • Ahearne, M., Mathieu, J., & Rapp, A. (2005). Satış gücünüzü güçlendirmek mi güçlendirmemek mi? Liderlik güçlendirme davranışının müşteri memnuniyeti ve performansı üzerindeki etkisinin ampirik bir incelemesi. Uygulamalı Psikoloji Dergisi, 90(5), 945.
  • Amundsen, S., & Martinsen, Ø. L. (2014). Empowering leadership: Construct clarification, conceptualization, and validation of a new scale. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 487-511.
  • Ateş, M. A., Bloemhof, J., Van Raaij, E. M. & Wynstra, F. (2012). Proactive environmental strategy in a supply chain context: The mediating role of investments. International Journal of Production Research, 50(4), 1079-1095.
  • Badar, K., Kundi, Y. M., Siddiquei, A. N., & Abualigah, A. (2023). Linking environmentally-specific empowering leadership to hotel employees’ green creativity: Understanding mechanisms and boundary conditions. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 33(3), 412-435.
  • Bayrakdar, M. (2014). Çalışanların liderlik özellikleri ile örgüte bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. [Unpublished master’s thesis], Turkish Aeronautical A ssociationUniversity.
  • Bernoff, J., & Schadler, T. (2010). Empowered. Harvard Business Review, 88(7/8), 94-101.
  • Bolat, O. İ., Bolat, T., & Seymen, O. A. (2009). Güçlendirici lider davranişları ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişkinin sosyal mübadele kuramından hareketle incelenmesi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(21), 215-239.
  • Boselie, P., Dietz, G., & Boon, C. (2005). Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 67-94.
  • Boselli, A. M., Caravello, G. U. & Baroni, A. (2005). The upper mustang (Nepal) ecosystem: Population, water quality and tourism. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 8(3), 285-291.
  • Bret Becton, J., Giles, W. F. & Schraeder, M. (2008). Evaluating and rewarding OCBs: Potential consequences of formally incorporating organisational citizenship behaviour in performance appraisal and reward systems. Employee Relations, 30(5), 494-514.
  • Cevahir, H. (2004). Güçlendirici liderlik davranışlari ile örgütsel baglilik ve iş tatmini arasindaki iliski üzerine bir araştırma, [Unpublished master’s thesis], Gebze Technical University.
  • Chavez, R., Yu, W., Feng, M., & Wiengarten, F. (2016). The effect of customer‐centric green supply chain management on operational performance and customer satisfaction. Business Strategy and the Environment, 25(3), 205-220.
  • Chen, Y. S. (2008). The driver of green innovation and green image–green core competence. Journal of Business Ethics, 81, 531-543.
  • Chen, Y. S., & Chang, C. H. (2013). The determinants of green product development performance: Green dynamic capabilities, green transformational leadership, and green creativity. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(1), 107-119.
  • Chen, Y. S., & Chang, K. C. (2013). The nonlinear effect of green innovation on the corporate competitive advantage. Quality & Quantity, 47, 271-286.
  • Cho, M., & Yoo, J. J. E. (2021). Customer pressure and restaurant employee green creative behavior: Serial mediation effects of restaurant ethical standards and employee green passion. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(12), 4505-4525.
  • Clarkson, M. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92-117.
  • Colbert, B. A. (2004). The complex resource-based view: Implications for theory and practice in strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 341-358.
  • Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471-482.
  • Delmas, M. A., & Montiel, I. (2007). The adoption of ISO 14001 within the supply chain: When are customer pressures effective?
  • Doğan, M., & Sökmen, S. (2021). Turizm araştırmalarında sosyal değişim teorisi’nin çeyrek yüzyılı. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 1220-1237.
  • Dong, Y., Liao, H., Chuang, A., Zhou, J., & Campbell, E. M. (2015). Fostering employee service creativity: Joint effects of customer empowering behaviors and supervisory empowering leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(5), 1364-1375.
  • Edosomwan, H. S., Oguegbe, T. M., & Joe-Akunne, C. O. (2023). Workplace well-being in manufacturing organizations in Nigeria: Do employee green behavior, core self-evaluations and empowering leadership matter? International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 13(1), 97-107.
  • Elsaied, M. M. (2022). The mechanism underlying the relationship between empowering leadership and work passion. Human Systems Management, 41(1), 59-72.
  • Fernandez-Feijoo, B., Romero, S. & Ruiz, S. (2014). Effect of stakeholders’ pressure on transparency of sustainability reports within the GRI framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 122, 53-63.
  • Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388.
  • Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Parmar, B. L. & De Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. The Academy of Management Annals, 3(1), 403-445.
  • Gatersleben, B., Steg, L. & Vlek, C. (2002). Measurement and determinants of environmentally significant consumer behavior. Environment and Behavior, 34(3), 335-362.
  • Gualandris, J., & Kalchschmidt, M. (2014). Customer pressure and innovativeness: Their role in sustainable supply chain management. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 20(2), 92-103.
  • Hair, Jr J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, Jr. J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M. & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
  • Hair, Jr J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L. & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121.
  • Hao, P., He, W., & Long, L. R. (2018). Why and when empowering leadership has different effects on employee work performance: The pivotal roles of passion for work and role breadth self-efficacy. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 25(1), 85-100.
  • Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A New criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115-135.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested‐self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337-421.
  • Hoe, V. C., Urquhart, D. M., Kelsall, H. L., Zamri, E. N., & Sim, M. R. (2018). Ergonomic interventions for preventing work‐related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb and neck among office workers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10, 1-12.
  • Ilieska, K. (2013). Customer satisfaction index - as a base for strategic marketing management. TEM Journal, 2(4), 327–331.
  • Islam, T., Khan, M. M., Ahmed, I., & Mahmood, K. (2021). Promoting in-role and extra-role green behavior through ethical leadership: Mediating role of green HRM and moderating role of individual green values. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 1102-1123.
  • Jia, J., Liu, H., Chin, T., & Hu, D. (2018). The continuous mediating effects of GHRM on employees’ green passion via transformational leadership and green creativity. Sustainability, 10(9), 32-37.
  • Jiang, M., Wang, H., & Li, M. (2019). Linking empowering leadership and organizational citizenship behavior toward environment: The role of psychological ownership and future time perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2612-2625.
  • Kehoe, R. R., & Collins, C. J. (2017). Human resource management and unit performance in knowledge-intensive work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(8), 1222-1235.
  • Khatoon, A., Rehman, S. U., Islam, T., & Ashraf, Y. (2022). Knowledge sharing through empowering leadership: The roles of psychological empowerment and learning goal orientation. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 1, 1-12.
  • Khattak, M. A., Ahmad, F. & Khan, N. A. (2022). Do banks enjoy technology under competitive pressures? Cross-country evidence. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1, 1-16.
  • Khattak, M. A., Rehman, Z. U., & Hashmi, S. H. (2023). Role of empowering leadership in inducing employee green creative behavior in hotel and restaurant industry: a moderated-moderated mediation model. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1, 1-32.
  • Li, W., Bhutto, T. A., Xuhui, W., Maitlo, Q., Zafar, A. U., & Bhutto, N. A. (2020). Unlocking employees’ green creativity: The effects of green transformational leadership, green intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120-129.
  • Luo, X., Homburg, C., & Wieseke, J. (2012). Customer satisfaction, analyst stock recommendations, and firm value. Journal of Marketing Research, 49(2), 175-187.
  • Mittal, S., & Dhar, R. L. (2016). Effect of green transformational leadership on green creativity: A study of tourist hotels. Tourism Management, 57, 118-127.
  • Namasivayam, K., Guchait, P., & Lei, P. (2014). The influence of leader empowering behaviors and employee psychological empowerment on customer satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(1), 69-84.
  • Purwanto, A., & Sudargini, Y. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis for social and management research: A literature review. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 2(4), 114-123.
  • Redelinghuys, K., Rothmann, S., & Botha, E. (2020). Outcomes of leader empowering behaviour in a retail organisation. South African Journal of Business Management, 51(1), 1-6.
  • Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Mitchell, R., & Gudergan, S. P. (2020). Partial least squares structural equation modeling in HRM research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(12), 1617-1643.
  • Robertson, J. L., & Barling, J. (2013). Greening organizations through leaders’ influence on employees’ pro-environmental behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34, 176-194.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Organisational Behaviour
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Itır Hasırcı 0000-0002-5449-2640

Fatma Zeybek Pınarbaşı 0000-0003-3525-0520

Volkan Akgül 0000-0002-1248-1425

Early Pub Date June 28, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date November 7, 2024
Acceptance Date June 3, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hasırcı, I., Zeybek Pınarbaşı, F., & Akgül, V. (2025). The Human Factor in Green Transformation: The Impact of Empowering Leadership, Green Passion and Customer Pressure. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 12(2), 559-577. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1581359

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