Kronotipin Sportif Performansa Etkisi: Bir İnceleme Çalışması

Abstract

Profesyonel spor çağında, sporcular, antrenörler ve teknik ekip, sportif performansın arkasındaki bilim, tıp ve psikolojiye eskiye nazaran daha fazla dikkat etmekte, çünkü performanstaki en ufak artış bile önemli kabul edilmekte. Araştırma, literatür taraması ve içerik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan derleme türü bir çalışmadır. Literatür taraması sonucu çalışmaya dahil edilen veriler; konuyu açıklayacak ve soru işaretlerini giderebilecek nitelikli akademik yayınlar ve çalışmalardan elde edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar veri tabanlarında ‘chronotype and performance’,'chronotype and cognitive performance’, 'chrono-exercise’ anahtar kelimeleri ile tarama yapılarak yayınlanan araştırmalar çalışmanın amacına uygun şekilde incelenmiş ve derlenmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalarda sabahcıl kronotipe sahip sporcuların kişisel olarak en iyi performansını gün ortasında, ara tip kronotipe sahip sporcuların en iyi performansını öğleden sonra ve akşamcıl tip kronotipe sahip sporcuların en yüksek performansı akşam gösterdiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca aerobik ve anaerobik enerji sistemlerinin organizmaya katkısının akşamları sabaha göre daha fazla arttığına dair bazı kanıtlar olduğunu gözlemlenmektedir bu da kronotip’in hem enerji sistemlerinin dağıtımını hem de hızını etkileyen bir faktör olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Fakat bu ilişkiyi doğrudan test eden herhangi bir çalışma yoktur.Bu alanda yapılacak yeni ve kaliteli çalışmalar konu hakkında daha kesin sonuçlara ulaşmamızı sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

• kronotip
• sportif performans
• aerobik
• anaerobik
• bilişsel

The Effect of Chronotype on Athletic Performance: A Review Study

Abstract

In the age of professional sports, athletes, coaches, and technical staff pay more attention than ever to the science, medicine, and psychology behind athletic performance because even the slightest increase in performance is considered important. The research is a compilation study utilizing literature review and content analysis methods. Data included in the study has been obtained from qualified academic publications and studies identified through a literature review. These sources provide explanations on the subject and help resolve any uncertainties. In this regard, research published in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was searched using the keywords 'chronotype and performance', 'chronotype and cognitive performance', and 'chrono-exercise'. The findings were examined and compiled in alignment with the study's objectives. In the studies examined it is observed that athletes with a morning chronotype exhibit their best performance in the middle of the day, athletes with an intermediate chronotype show their peak performance in the afternoon, and athletes with an evening chronotype perform best in the evening. It is also observed that there is some evidence suggesting that the contribution of aerobic and anaerobic energy systems to the organism increases more in the evening than in the morning. This implies that chronotype may influence both the distribution and speed of energy systems. However, there is no study that directly tests this relationship. New and high-quality studies in this field will enable us to reach more definitive conclusions on the subject.

Keywords

• chronotype
• sports performance
• aerobic
• anaerobic
• cognitive

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