Hareketlilik ve Spor: Kim Yapabilir ve Kim Yapamaz?

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 15

Artur Santos , Ricardo Peneda , Artur Pernas , Liane Henriques , Sam Jegen , Riller Reverdito

https://doi.org/10.70701/makusbd.1571688

Öz

Son yıllarda fiziksel hareketsizlik ve bununla bağlantılı diyabet, hipertansiyon ve obezite gibi sorunlar hakkında artan bir endişe söz konusudur. Birleştirilmiş spor yapmak ve ev ile iş arasında gidip gelmek için yumuşak hareketliliği (yürüme ve bisiklete binme) kullanmak fiziksel aktiviteye katkıda bulunabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Portekiz'in Vila Nova de Poiares belediyesinde yaş grubu, cinsiyet ve sosyoekonomik durumun birleştirilmiş spor uygulaması ve ev-okul hareketliliği türü üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmektir. Çalışmaya 2016 yılında sosyodemografik bir anketi yanıtlayan toplam 266 kişi (Erkek = 138; Kadın = 125) katılmıştır (yaş = 14.37). Tanımlayıcı ve frekans analizinin yanı sıra ANOVA ve MANOVA da yapılmıştır. Veriler, federe spora bağlılıkta sadece cinsiyete göre farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedir. Hareketlilik değişkeninde yaş grubu, cinsiyet veya sosyoekonomik duruma göre herhangi bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Kısa mesafeye rağmen (<5 km), yumuşak ulaşım araçlarının kullanımı oldukça düşüktür (%18,4). Spor yapmadığını söyleyen katılımcıların oranı oldukça yüksektir (%68). Veriler, fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri ve fiziksel hareketsizliğe bağlı hastalık riski konusundaki endişeleri güçlendirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fiziksel Aktivite, Bisiklet, Politikalar, Belediye

Mobility and Sport: Who Can and Who Can't?

Öz

In recent decades there has been growing concern about physical inactivity and the problems associated with it, namely diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Practising federated sport and using soft mobility (walking and cycling) to commute between home and work can contribute to physical activity. The aim of this study was to find out the differences on the practice of federated sport and the type of home-school mobility according to age group, gender and socioeconomic status, in the municipality of Vila Nova de Poiares, Portugal. A total of 266 people (Male = 138; Female = 125) took part in the study (age = 14.37), answering a sociodemographic questionnaire in 2016. A descriptive and frequency analysis was carried out, as well as ANOVA and MANOVA. The data show that there are only differences in adherence to federated sport according to gender. There were no differences according to age group, gender or socioeconomic status in the mobility variable. Despite the short distance (<5km), the use of soft means of transport is quite low (18.4%). There is a high percentage of participants who say they don't practise sport (68%). The data reinforces the concern about physical activity levels and the risk of disease due to physical inactivity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Physical Activity, Bicycle, Policies, Municipality

Kaynakça

• Bassett, D. R., Pucher, J., Buehler, R., Thompson, D. L., & Crouter, S. E. (2008). Walking, cycling, and obesity rates in Europe, North America and Australia. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 5(6), 795–814. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.5.6.795
• Boyer, K., Mayes, R., & Pini, B. (2017). Narrations and practices of mobility and immobility in the maintenance of gender dualisms. Mobilities, 12(6), 847–860. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2017.1292027
• Bishop, D., Broadbent, D:, Graham, A., Batley, P. (2023). Psychological and experiential contributors to experienced cyclists’ on-road cycling behaviour: A path analysis study. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 93, 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.11.016
• Cardoso, H. F. V. (2006). A quantificação do estatuto socioeconómico em populações contemporâneas e históricas: dificuldades, algumas orientações e importância na investigação orientada para a saúde. Antropologia Portuguesa, 22/23, 247–272. https://www.uc.pt/en/cia/publica/index/APvolumes/AP22-23/AP_artigos/AP22.23.11_Cardoso.pdf
• Cerin, E., Leslie, E. (2008). How socio-economic status contributes to participation in leisure-time physical activity. Social Science & Medicine. 66(12). 2596-2609.
• Davis, A., & Jones, L. (1997). Whose neighbourhood? Whose quality of life? Developing a new agenda for children’s health in urban settings. Health Education Journal, 56(4), 350–363. https://doi.org/10.1177/001789699705600404
• Dixon, M. a., & Bruening, J. E. (2005). Perspectives on Work-Family Conflict in Sport: An Integrated Approach. Sport Management Review, 8(3), 227–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(05)70040-1
• Elvik, R. (2009). The non-linearity of risk and the promotion of environmentally sustainable transport. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 41(4), 849–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.009
• European Commission. (2022). Special Eurobarometer 525 - Sport and physical activity. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/api/deliverable/download/file?deliverableId=83654
• Ferreira, Ghiarone, Júnior, Furtado, Carvalho, Rodrigues, & Toscano. (2019). Effects of Physical Exercise on the Stereotyped Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Medicina, 55(10), 685. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100685
• Gonçalves, C. E., Coelho e Silva, M. J., & Cruz, J. (2007). Efeito do Género, Contexto de Prática e Tipo de Modalidade Desportiva sobre os Valores no Desporto de Jovens. Boletim SPEF, 32(1), 71–86.
• Goodger, K., Gorely, T., Lavallee, D., & Harwood, C. (2007). Burnout in Sport: A Systematic Review. The Sport Psychologist, 21(1), 127–151.
• Gordia, A. P., de Quadros, T. M. B., de Campos, W., & Petroski, É. L. (2009). Adolescents’ physical quality of life: Associations with physical activity and sex. Revista de Salud Publica, 11(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0124-00642009000100006
• Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2019). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 million participants. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 4, 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2
• Heinen, E., van Wee, B., & Maat, K. (2010). Commuting by Bicycle: An Overview of the Literature. Transport Reviews, 30(1), 59–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640903187001
• Huy, C., Becker, S., Gomolinsky, U., Klein, T., & Thiel, A. (2008). Health, Medical Risk Factors, and Bicycle Use in Everyday Life in the Over-50 Population. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 16(4), 454–464.
• Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes, I. . (2012). Ciclando - Plano de Promoção da Bicicleta e Outros Modos Suaves 2013-2020. http://www.imt-ip.pt/sites/IMTT/Portugues/Planeamento/DocumentosdeReferencia/PlanoNacionalBicicleta/Documents/PPBOMS_Final.pdf
• Jacobsen, P. L. (2003). Safety in numbers: More walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling. Injury Prevention, 9(3), 205–209. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.9.3.205
• Jiménez-Pavón, D., Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Chillón, P., Castillo, R., Artero, E. G., Martinez-Gómez, D., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Rey-López, J. P., Gracia, L. A., Noriega, M. J., Moreno, L. A., & Gonzalez-Gross, M. (2010). Infl uence of socioeconomic factors on fi tness and fatness in Spanish adolescents: The AVENA study. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 5, 467–473. https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=f4e6fbf5-c572-4beb-9a77-c4ce553e2c18%40pdc-v-sessmgr01
• Lucas, C., Freitas, C., Oliveira, C., Machado, M., & Monteiro, M. (2012). Exercício físico e satisfação com a vida: Um estudo com adolescentes. Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças, 13(1), 78–86. http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1645-00862012000100007
• Martens, K. (2007). Promoting bike-and-ride: The Dutch experience. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41(4), 326–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2006.09.010
• Matthews, C. E., Jurj, A. L., Shu, X. O., Li, H. L., Yang, G., Li, Q., Gao, Y. T., & Zheng, W. (2007). Influence of exercise, walking, cycling, and overall nonexercise physical activity on mortality in Chinese women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 165(12), 1343–1350. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwm088
• Moraes, M., Corte-Real, N., Dias, C., & Fonseca, A. M. (2009). Satisfação com a vida, exercício físico e consumo de tabaco em adolescente de diferente áreas geográficas de Portugal. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Do Esporte, 30(2), 137–149. http://revista.cbce.org.br/index.php/RBCE/article/view/441
• Mullan, E. (2003). Do you think that your local area is a good place for young people to grow up? The effects of traffic and car parking on young people’s views. Health & Place, 9(4), 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8292(02)00069-2
• Município de Vila Nova de Poiares (2020) Plano Municipal de Defesa da Floresta Contra Incêndios Florestais. Retrieved from Nogueira, H., Costeira e Pereira, M. M., Costa, D., Gama, A., Machado‐Rodrigues, A., Silva, M., Marques, V. R., & Padez, C. M. (2020). The environment contribution to gender differences in childhood obesity and organized sports engagement. American Journal of Human Biology, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23322
• Organização Mundial da Saúde. (2020). Diretrizes da OMS para Atividade Física e Comportamento Sedentário: num piscar de olhos. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/337001/9789240014886-por.pdf?sequence=102&isAllowed=y
• Organization, W. H. (2020). Physical Activity. Physical Activity. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
• Plaut, P. O. (2005). Non-motorized commuting in the US. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, 10(5), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2005.04.002
• Pucher, J., & Buehler, R. (2006). Why Canadians cycle more than Americans: A comparative analysis of bicycling trends and policies. Transport Policy, 265–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2005.11.001
• Pucher, J., Dill, J., & Handy, S. (2010). Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: An international review. Preventive Medicine, 50(SUPPL.), S106–S125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.028
• Reis, F., Sá-Moura, B., Guardado, D., Couceiro, P., Catarino, L., Mota-Pinto, A., Veríssimo, M. T., Teixeira, A. M., Ferreira, P. L., Lima, M. P., Palavra, F., Rama, L., Santos, L., Heijden, R. A. van der, Gonçalves, C. E., Cunha, A., Malva, J. O., (2019). Development of a Healthy Lifestyle Assessment Toolkit for the General Public. Frontiers in Medicine, 6(134), 1–15.
• Santos, A. J., & Gonçalves, C. E. (2016). Efeito da experiência desportiva e do grupo etário na satisfação e nos ativos de desenvolvimento de jovens futebolistas. Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Do Esporte, 38(2), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2015.10.013
• Santos, M., & Manoel, R. (2010). Fatores motivacionais na prática do Futebol. Revista Hórus, 5(2), 222–232. http://periodicos.estacio.br/index.php/revistahorus/article/viewFile/3986/1820
• Seabra, A., Mendonça, D., Garganta, R., & Maia, J. (2004). Influência de determinantes demográfico-biológicos e sócio-culturais nos níveis de atividade física de crianças e jovens. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 6(2), 62–72.
• Siesmaa, E. J., Blitvich, J. D., & Finch, C. F. (2011). A systematic review of the factors which are most influential in children’s decisions to dropout of organised sport. In A. Farelli (Ed.), Sport Participation: Health benefits, injuries and psychological effects (pp. 1–45). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. In S. Hartman (Ed.), Organization (Fifth Edit). Pearson Education, Inc.
• Toker, Z. (2015). Walking beyond the Socioeconomic Status in an Objectively and Perceptually Walkable Pedestrian Environment. Urban Studies Research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/919874
• Vale, D. S. (2017). A cidade e a bicicleta : uma leitura analítica. Finisterra, 51(103), 45–66. https://doi.org/10.18055/finis7077
• Virginia-Añez, E., Fornieles-Deu, A., & Sánchez-Carracedo, D. (2020). Longitudinal study of physical activity in Spanish young adolescents: weigh status and gender differences. Revista de Psicología Del Deporte, 29(1), 57–66. https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=b84c8e84-92d5-43af-9749-ddcd6fbdb16c%40sessionmgr101