Gıda Güvencesi Düzeyi Sınıflandırılmasında Kullanılan Önemli Göstergelerin Random Forest Yöntemine Göre Belirlenmesi

Öz

Mevsimlik tarım işçileri, Türkiye'de tarım ekonomisine önemli katkılar sağlasalar da, yoksulluk açısından en dezavantajlı işgücü grubudur. Bu çalışmada mevsimlik tarım işçilerinin hane halkı gıda güvencesi durumlarının belirlenmesi ve gıda güvencesi sınıflandırmasına etki eden en önemli değişkenlerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Malatya'da mevsimlik kayısı işçilerinin 18 sorudan oluşan Hanehalkı Gıda Güvencesi Anket Modülü (HFSSM) sorularına verdikleri yanıtlar Random Forest (RF) algoritması ile analiz edilmiştir (n = 65). Sonuçlar, hanehalklarının %55.4'ünün gıda güvencesiz olduğunu, bunlardan %7.7'sinin orta düzeyde, %13.8'inin ise ciddi düzeyde açlığın olduğu gıda güvencesizliği durumu yaşadıklarını göstermiştir. RF modelinin sınıflandırma doğruluğunu gösteren eğri altındaki alan değeri, 0.846 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Gıda güvencesi gruplarının sınıflandırılmasında en önemli değişken “Daha fazla gıda alacak paraya sahip olmadan gıdanın bitmesi” sorusu olmuştur. Mevsimlik tarım işçileri, Türkiye'de ve dünyada düşük gelir ve iş güvencesizliği nedeniyle gıda güvencesizliği ve yoksulluk tehdidi altındadır. Bu nedenle mevsimlik tarım işçileri gibi risk gruplarında gıda güvencesizliği probleminin çözümüne yönelik sosyal yardım programlarının uygulanması önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gıda güvencesi
• Random forest
• HFSSM
• Mevsimlik tarım işçisi

Determination of Important Variables in Food Security Classification Using Random Forest

Öz

Seasonal agricultural workers are the most disadvantaged group of work forces in terms of poverty even though they are significant contributors to the agricultural economy in Turkey. The objectives of this study were to determine the food security status of seasonal agricultural workers and to determine the most important variables in the classification of household food security status for the seasonal agriculture workers. Responses of seasonal apricot workers in Malatya to 18 questions of the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) were analyzed using the Random Forests (RF) algorithm (n = 65). Results indicated that 55.4% of households suffered from food insecurity, where 7.7% of them with moderate hunger and 13.8% of them with severe hunger. The area under curve value of the RF model was estimated at 0.846 as the classification accuracy. The question “running out of food before having money to buy more” was the most important variable in the classification of the food security groups. Seasonal agricultural workers are prone to food insecurity and poverty due to low income and job insecurity in Turkey and in the world. Therefore, it is important to implement social aid programs to solve food insecurity issue in risk groups like seasonal agricultural workers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Food security
• Random forest
• HFSSM
• Seasonal agricultural worker

Kaynakça

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