İşletmelerde Yeşil Karar Verme: Kriterlerin Sıralanması, Etkileşimlerinin Analizi ve Yeşil Karar Verme Stratejisi Seçimi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, işletmelerin yeşil karar verme süreçlerini etkileyen kriterleri belirlemek, bu kriterlerin önem düzeylerini ve birbirleriyle olan neden-sonuç ilişkilerini ortaya koymak ve işletmeler açısından en uygun yeşil karar verme stratejisini belirlemektir. Bu doğrultuda literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri temel alınarak altı ana kriter ve 24 alt kriterden oluşan bütünleşik bir karar modeli geliştirilmiştir. Modelin çözümünde üç farklı çok kriterli karar verme yöntemi birlikte kullanılmıştır. Kriterlerin önem ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde Best-Worst Method (BWM), kriterler arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimlerin ve neden-sonuç ilişkilerinin belirlenmesinde DEMATEL ve alternatif stratejilerin sıralanmasında TOPSIS yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda kriterlerin yeşil karar verme sistemi içerisinde birbirleriyle yoğun biçimde etkileşim içerisinde olduğu ve bazı kriterlerin diğer kriterleri yönlendiren, bazılarının ise sistemdeki değişimlerden daha fazla etkilenen konumda bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. TOPSIS sonuçlarına göre Proaktif Yeşil Dönüşüm Stratejisi 0,7861 yakınlık katsayısı ile birinci sırada, Dengeli (Hibrit) Yeşil Dönüşüm Stratejisi ise 0,7549 ile ikinci sırada yer almıştır. Monte Carlo simülasyonu ile gerçekleştirilen duyarlılık analizi, kriter ağırlıklarındaki değişimlere rağmen Proaktif Yeşil Dönüşüm Stratejisi'nin üstünlüğünü büyük ölçüde koruduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular, işletmelerin yeşil dönüşüm kararlarını ekonomik, çevresel, teknolojik, kurumsal, sosyo-kültürel ve politik boyutları birlikte dikkate alan bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ele almaları gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeşil karar verme
• BWM
• DEMATEL
• TOPSIS
• Duyarlılık Analizi.

Green Decision-Making in Businesses: Ranking of Criteria, Analysis of Their Interactions, and Selection of a Green Decision-Making Strategy

Öz

This study aims to identify the criteria affecting green decision-making processes in businesses, determine their relative importance and causal relationships, and select the most appropriate green decision-making strategy. Accordingly, an integrated decision model consisting of six main criteria and 24 sub-criteria was developed based on a literature review and expert opinions. Three multi-criteria decision-making methods were integrated into the proposed model. The Best-Worst Method (BWM) was employed to determine the criteria weights, DEMATEL was used to identify the interrelationships and cause-effect structure among the criteria, and TOPSIS was applied to rank alternative green decision-making strategies. The results indicate that the criteria constitute an interconnected decision system in which some factors exert greater influence on other criteria, while others are more strongly affected by changes within the system. According to the TOPSIS results, the Proactive Green Transformation Strategy ranked first with a closeness coefficient of 0.7861, followed by the Balanced (Hybrid) Green Transformation Strategy with a coefficient of 0.7549. The Monte Carlo simulation-based sensitivity analysis further demonstrated that the superiority of the Proactive Green Transformation Strategy remained highly stable under changes in criterion weights. Overall, the findings suggest that businesses should approach green transformation decisions holistically by simultaneously considering economic, environmental, technological, organizational, socio-cultural, and political dimensions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Green decision-making
• BWM
• DEMATEL
• TOPSIS
• Sensitivity Analysis.

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