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Kurumsal Kalite, Belirsizlik ve Kamu Yatırımları: Türkiye Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 287 - 309, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.1722308

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı literatürde sıklıkla diğer yatırım çeşitleriyle ilişkilendirilen kurumsal kalite ve belirsizlik olgusunun kamu yatırımları üzerindeki etkilerini Türkiye ekonomisi için ampirik olarak incelemektir. Kamu sosyal ve sabit sermaye yatırımları özel sektör yatırımları için temel bir altyapı oluşturmasının yanı sıra, Keynesyen iktisat perspektifinden ekonomik büyümeye önemli katkılar sağladığı kabul edilmektedir. İyi yönetişim, şeffaf düzenlemeler, güçlü mülkiyet hakları ve düşük yolsuzluk seviyeleri gibi göstergelerle ifade edilen kurumsal kalitenin kamu yatırımlarının verimliliği ve etkinliği üzerinde belirleyici bir etkisi olduğu düşüncesi makalenin genel savını oluşturmaktadır. Siyasi ve makroekonomik istikrarsızlık, doğal afetler ve küresel şoklar gibi çeşitli belirsizlik kaynaklarının, kamu otoriteleri tarafından yapılacak olan yatırımların ertelenmesine ve hatta azaltılmasına etkisi olup olmadığı da makalenin araştırma konusu kapsamındadır. Türkiye için 2002-2020 dönemine ait yıllık verilerin kullanıldığı çalışmada sırasıyla eşbütünleşme analizi, VEC modeli ve Toda-Yamamato nedensellik analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. VEC modeli sonuçlarına göre kısa dönemde kurumsal kalite ve kamu yatırımları arasında ters yönlü bir ilişkinin varlığı saptanırken, uzun dönemde de kurumsal kalite ve belirsizlik olgusunun kamu yatırımlarının nedeni olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak uygulanan Toda-Yamamato nedensellik testi her üç veri arasında çift yönlü nedensel ilişkinin varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular ışığında çalışmanın temel çıkarımı, sürdürülebilir ekonomik kalkınma için kurumsal kapasitenin güçlendirilmesinin, belirsizliğin etkin bir şekilde yönetilmesinde ve kamu yatırımlarının stratejik olarak yönlendirilmesinde son derece önemli olduğudur.

Kaynakça

  • Ahir, H., Bloom, N. & Furceri, D. (2022). The World Uncertainty Index. National Bureau of Economic Research, No. w29763.
  • Aït-Sahalia, Y.,& Dacheng, X. (2019). Principal component analysis of high-frequency data. Journal of the American Statistical Association,114, 287–303.
  • Akar, C. (2008). Hisse senedi fiyatlarıyla yabancı işlem hacmi arasında nedensellik: TodaYamamato yaklaşımı. The Journal of Accounting and Finance, 37, 185-192.
  • Altunç, Ö.F.,& Şentürk, B. (2010). Türkiye’de özel yatırımlar ve kamu yatırımları arasındaki ilişkinin ampirik analizi: sınır testi yaklaşımı. Maliye Dergisi, 158, 531-546.
  • Amiri, A.,& Ventelou, B. (2012). Granger causality between total expenditure on health and GDP in OECD: evidence from the Toda Yamamato approach. Economics Letter, 116, 541-544.
  • Anyanwu, A. A., (2021). Debt-financed public investment in developing countries: does the efficiency of public investment matter?. Theoretical and Applied Economics, No. 1(626), 259-272.
  • Arrow, K.J.,& Lind, R.C. (1978). Uncertainty and the evaluation of public investment decisions. In M. Rothschild ve P. Diamond (Ed.), Uncertainty in economics: Reading and exercises (pp. 403-421). New York: Academic Press.
  • Asamoah, M. E., Adjasi, C.K.D., & Alhassan, A. L. (2016). Macro economic uncertainty, foreign direct investment and institutional quality: evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Systems.40(4), 612-621.
  • Asghar, N., Qureshi, S.,& Nadeem, M. (2015). Institutional quality and economic growth: panel ARDL analysis for selected developing economies of Asia. South Asian Economies, 30(2), 381-404.
  • Asteriou, D.,& Price, S. (2001). Political instability and economic growth: UK time series evidence. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 48(4), 383-399.
  • Bah, M., & Kpognon, K. (2021). Public investment and economic growth in ECOWAS countries: Does governance Matter?. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 13(6), 713-726.
  • Barışık, S.,& Demircioğlu, E. (2006). Türkiye’de döviz kuru rejimi, konvertibilite, ihracat-ithalat ilişkisi (1980-2001). ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 71-84.
  • Bayraktar, N. (2019). Effectiveness of public investment on growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Euroasian Economic Review,9, 421-457.
  • Bayraktar, Y., Dündar, N.,& Özyılmaz, A. (2022). The relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth in BRICS-T countries. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi,17(3), 893-910. Doi: 10.17153/oguiibf.1151022
  • Bektaş, A. (2020). Türkiye’de kamu yatırım harcamaları ile işsizlik arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 1-29.
  • Biber, A. E. (2010). İktisadi büyümede kurumsal faktörler ve kurumsal değişim. Akademik Bakış Dergisi,19(1), 1-24.
  • Bloom, N., Van Reenen, J., & Williams, H. (2019). A tool kit of policies to promote innovation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(3), 163-184.
  • Bock, K., & Trück, S. (2011). Assessing uncertainty and risk in public sector ınvestment projects. Technology and Investment,2(2), 105-123.
  • Bor, Y. J., Chuang, Y. C., Lai, W. W., & Yang, C. M. (2010). A dynamic general equilibrium model for public R&D investment in Taiwan. Economic Modelling, 27(1), 171-183.
  • Bouzid, A. (2012). The relationship of oil prices and economic growth in Tunisia: a vector error correction model analysis. The Romanian Economic Journal, 15(43), 3-22.
  • Brooks, C. (2008). Introductory Econometrics for Finance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Buchanani, B.G., Le, Q.V.,& Rishi, M. (2012). Foreign direct investment and institutional quality: some empirical evidence. International Review of Financial Analysis, 21, 81-89.
  • Buffie, E. F., Adam, C., Zanna, L. F., Balma, L., Tessema, D., & Kpodar, K. (2024). Public investment and human capital with segmented labour markets. Oxford Economic Papers, 76(1), 162-186.
  • Chakraborty, S., & Dabla-Norris, E. (2011). The quality of public investment. The BE Journal of Macroeconomics, 11(1), 1-29.
  • Cural, M., Eriçok, M.E.,& Yılancı, V. (2012). Türkiye’de kamu yatırımlarının özel sektör yatırımları üzerindeki etkisi: 1970-2009. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,12(1), 73-87.
  • Çetenak, Ö. Ö. (2022). Artan kurumsal kalite işsizliği azaltır mı? OECD ülkelerinden kanıtlar. Journal of Research in Economics Politics and Finance, 7(4), 966-981.
  • Çil Yavuz, N. (2005). Feldstein-Horioko yaklaşımına göre Türkiye’de tasarruf yatırım ilişkisi ve hata düzeltme analizi (1962-2003). İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları. 47. Seri, 107-123.
  • Darby, J., Li,, C.W., & Muscatalli, W.A. (2004). Political uncertainty, public expenditure and growth. European Journal of Politica lEconomy,20(1), 153-179.
  • Dejuan, D.,& Ghirelli, C. (2018). Policy uncertainty and investment in Spain. Banco de Espana Working Paper, No.1848.
  • Doğan, B. (2017). Ekonomik küreselleşme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Toda-Yamamato nedensellik analizi. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 54(628), 19-27.
  • Engle, R.F., & Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-Integration and error correction: representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica, 55, 251-276.
  • Fournier, J. M. (2016). The positive effect of public investment on potential growth. OECD Economic Department Working Papers, No. 1347.
  • Fuente, A. D. L., & Vives, X. (1995). Infrastructure and education as instruments of regional policy: evidence from Spain. Economic policy, 10(20), 11-51.
  • Ghani, E.,& Din, M. (2006). The impact of public investment on economic growth in Pakistan. The Pakistan Economic Review, 45(1), 87-98.
  • Granger, C.W.J. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cros-spectral methods. Econometrica,37, 424, 438.
  • Grigoli, F., & Mills, Z. (2014). Institutions and public investment: an empirical analysis. Econ Gov, 15, 131-153.
  • Günaydın, İ. (2006). Türkiye’de kamu ve özel yatırımlar arasındaki ilişki: ampirik bir analiz. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 177-195.
  • Gwartney, J.D., Holcombe, R.G., & Lawson, R.A. (2006). Institutions and impact of investment on growth. KYKLOS, 59(2), 255-273.
  • Halldén, F., Hultberg, A., Ahmed, A., Uddin, G. S., Yahya, M., &Troster, V. (2025). The role of institutional quality on public renewable energy investments. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 215, 115585.
  • Hansen, N. M. (1965). Unbalanced growth and regional development. Economic Inquiry,4(1), 3-14.
  • Haque, M. E.,& Kneller, R. (2015). Why does public investment fail to raise economic growth? The role of corruption. The Manchester School, 83(6), 623-651.
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  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231-254.
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Institutional Quality, Uncertainty and Public Investments: A Study on Turkey

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 287 - 309, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.1722308

Öz

The aim of this study is to empirically examine the effects of institutional quality and uncertainty, which are often associated with other types of investments in the literature, on public investments for the Turkish economy. Public social and fixed capital investments are considered to provide a basic infrastructure for private sector investments, as well as making significant contributions to economic growth from the perspective of Keynesian economics. The idea that institutional quality, expressed by indicators such as good governance, transparent regulations, strong property rights and low levels of corruption, has a decisive effect on the efficiency and effectiveness of public investments constitutes the general thesis of the article. The research topic of this article is to examine the extent to which various sources of uncertainty, such as political and macroeconomic instability, natural disasters and global shocks, influence the postponement or even reduction of investments by public authorities. In the study where annual data for the period 2002-2020 are used for Turkey, cointegration analysis, VEC model and Toda-Yamamato causality analysis methods are used, respectively. According to the VEC model results, while an inverse relationship between institutional quality and public investments is determined in the short term, it is concluded that institutional quality and uncertainty are the causes of public investments in the long term. Finally, the Toda-Yamamato causality test reveals the existence of a bidirectional causal relationship between all three data. As a result of these findings, the main conclusion of the study is that strengthening institutional capacity for sustainable economic development is extremely important in effectively managing uncertainty and strategically directing public investments.

Kaynakça

  • Ahir, H., Bloom, N. & Furceri, D. (2022). The World Uncertainty Index. National Bureau of Economic Research, No. w29763.
  • Aït-Sahalia, Y.,& Dacheng, X. (2019). Principal component analysis of high-frequency data. Journal of the American Statistical Association,114, 287–303.
  • Akar, C. (2008). Hisse senedi fiyatlarıyla yabancı işlem hacmi arasında nedensellik: TodaYamamato yaklaşımı. The Journal of Accounting and Finance, 37, 185-192.
  • Altunç, Ö.F.,& Şentürk, B. (2010). Türkiye’de özel yatırımlar ve kamu yatırımları arasındaki ilişkinin ampirik analizi: sınır testi yaklaşımı. Maliye Dergisi, 158, 531-546.
  • Amiri, A.,& Ventelou, B. (2012). Granger causality between total expenditure on health and GDP in OECD: evidence from the Toda Yamamato approach. Economics Letter, 116, 541-544.
  • Anyanwu, A. A., (2021). Debt-financed public investment in developing countries: does the efficiency of public investment matter?. Theoretical and Applied Economics, No. 1(626), 259-272.
  • Arrow, K.J.,& Lind, R.C. (1978). Uncertainty and the evaluation of public investment decisions. In M. Rothschild ve P. Diamond (Ed.), Uncertainty in economics: Reading and exercises (pp. 403-421). New York: Academic Press.
  • Asamoah, M. E., Adjasi, C.K.D., & Alhassan, A. L. (2016). Macro economic uncertainty, foreign direct investment and institutional quality: evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Systems.40(4), 612-621.
  • Asghar, N., Qureshi, S.,& Nadeem, M. (2015). Institutional quality and economic growth: panel ARDL analysis for selected developing economies of Asia. South Asian Economies, 30(2), 381-404.
  • Asteriou, D.,& Price, S. (2001). Political instability and economic growth: UK time series evidence. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 48(4), 383-399.
  • Bah, M., & Kpognon, K. (2021). Public investment and economic growth in ECOWAS countries: Does governance Matter?. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 13(6), 713-726.
  • Barışık, S.,& Demircioğlu, E. (2006). Türkiye’de döviz kuru rejimi, konvertibilite, ihracat-ithalat ilişkisi (1980-2001). ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 71-84.
  • Bayraktar, N. (2019). Effectiveness of public investment on growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Euroasian Economic Review,9, 421-457.
  • Bayraktar, Y., Dündar, N.,& Özyılmaz, A. (2022). The relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth in BRICS-T countries. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi,17(3), 893-910. Doi: 10.17153/oguiibf.1151022
  • Bektaş, A. (2020). Türkiye’de kamu yatırım harcamaları ile işsizlik arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 1-29.
  • Biber, A. E. (2010). İktisadi büyümede kurumsal faktörler ve kurumsal değişim. Akademik Bakış Dergisi,19(1), 1-24.
  • Bloom, N., Van Reenen, J., & Williams, H. (2019). A tool kit of policies to promote innovation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(3), 163-184.
  • Bock, K., & Trück, S. (2011). Assessing uncertainty and risk in public sector ınvestment projects. Technology and Investment,2(2), 105-123.
  • Bor, Y. J., Chuang, Y. C., Lai, W. W., & Yang, C. M. (2010). A dynamic general equilibrium model for public R&D investment in Taiwan. Economic Modelling, 27(1), 171-183.
  • Bouzid, A. (2012). The relationship of oil prices and economic growth in Tunisia: a vector error correction model analysis. The Romanian Economic Journal, 15(43), 3-22.
  • Brooks, C. (2008). Introductory Econometrics for Finance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Buchanani, B.G., Le, Q.V.,& Rishi, M. (2012). Foreign direct investment and institutional quality: some empirical evidence. International Review of Financial Analysis, 21, 81-89.
  • Buffie, E. F., Adam, C., Zanna, L. F., Balma, L., Tessema, D., & Kpodar, K. (2024). Public investment and human capital with segmented labour markets. Oxford Economic Papers, 76(1), 162-186.
  • Chakraborty, S., & Dabla-Norris, E. (2011). The quality of public investment. The BE Journal of Macroeconomics, 11(1), 1-29.
  • Cural, M., Eriçok, M.E.,& Yılancı, V. (2012). Türkiye’de kamu yatırımlarının özel sektör yatırımları üzerindeki etkisi: 1970-2009. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,12(1), 73-87.
  • Çetenak, Ö. Ö. (2022). Artan kurumsal kalite işsizliği azaltır mı? OECD ülkelerinden kanıtlar. Journal of Research in Economics Politics and Finance, 7(4), 966-981.
  • Çil Yavuz, N. (2005). Feldstein-Horioko yaklaşımına göre Türkiye’de tasarruf yatırım ilişkisi ve hata düzeltme analizi (1962-2003). İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi Maliye Araştırma Merkezi Konferansları. 47. Seri, 107-123.
  • Darby, J., Li,, C.W., & Muscatalli, W.A. (2004). Political uncertainty, public expenditure and growth. European Journal of Politica lEconomy,20(1), 153-179.
  • Dejuan, D.,& Ghirelli, C. (2018). Policy uncertainty and investment in Spain. Banco de Espana Working Paper, No.1848.
  • Doğan, B. (2017). Ekonomik küreselleşme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Toda-Yamamato nedensellik analizi. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 54(628), 19-27.
  • Engle, R.F., & Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-Integration and error correction: representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica, 55, 251-276.
  • Fournier, J. M. (2016). The positive effect of public investment on potential growth. OECD Economic Department Working Papers, No. 1347.
  • Fuente, A. D. L., & Vives, X. (1995). Infrastructure and education as instruments of regional policy: evidence from Spain. Economic policy, 10(20), 11-51.
  • Ghani, E.,& Din, M. (2006). The impact of public investment on economic growth in Pakistan. The Pakistan Economic Review, 45(1), 87-98.
  • Granger, C.W.J. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cros-spectral methods. Econometrica,37, 424, 438.
  • Grigoli, F., & Mills, Z. (2014). Institutions and public investment: an empirical analysis. Econ Gov, 15, 131-153.
  • Günaydın, İ. (2006). Türkiye’de kamu ve özel yatırımlar arasındaki ilişki: ampirik bir analiz. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 177-195.
  • Gwartney, J.D., Holcombe, R.G., & Lawson, R.A. (2006). Institutions and impact of investment on growth. KYKLOS, 59(2), 255-273.
  • Halldén, F., Hultberg, A., Ahmed, A., Uddin, G. S., Yahya, M., &Troster, V. (2025). The role of institutional quality on public renewable energy investments. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 215, 115585.
  • Hansen, N. M. (1965). Unbalanced growth and regional development. Economic Inquiry,4(1), 3-14.
  • Haque, M. E.,& Kneller, R. (2015). Why does public investment fail to raise economic growth? The role of corruption. The Manchester School, 83(6), 623-651.
  • IMF (2015). Making public investment more efficient. Staff Report (June).
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231-254.
  • Johansen, S.,& Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration- with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), 169-210.
  • Johnson, S., Mcmillan, J., &Woodruff, C. (2002). Property rights and finance. American Economic Review, 92(5), 1335-1356.
  • Kar, M.,& Taban, S. (2003). Kamu harcama çeşitlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkileri. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 58(3), 145-169.
  • Karpuz, E.,& Özkan, N. (2021). Kurumsal kalitenin ve makroekonomik göstergelerin finansal piyasalara etkisi: gelişmekte olan piyasalar üzerine bir araştırma. BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar Dergisi,15(1), 147-173.
  • Keefer, P.,& Knacks, S. (2007). Boondoggless, rent-seeking, and political check and balances: public investment under unaccountable governments. Rev Econ Stat, 83(3), 566-572.
  • Kurul, Z. (2017). Non linear relationship between institutional factors and FDI flows: Dynamic panel threshold analysis. International Review of Economics and Finance, 48, 148–60.
  • Koç, N., & Durusu-Ciftci, D. (2024). The role of institutional quality on FDI: a comparison for preand post – global financial crises. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, 9(3), 699-717.
  • Lachler, U.,& Aschauer, D. A. (1964). Public investment and economic growth in Mexico. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series, No. 1964.
  • Lall, S. V. (1999). The role of public infrastructure investments in regional development: Experience of Indian states. Economic and Political Weekly, 34(12), 717-725.
  • Makarycheva, I. V., & Shishkanova, G. A. (2021). Impact of public investment on the quality of human capital. In E3S Web of Conferences, 291,05007 (2021).
  • Meçik, O.,& Koyuncu, T. (2020). Türkiye’de göç ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Toda-Yamamato nedensellik analizi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(3), 218-2635.
  • Milbourne, R., Otto, G.,&Voss, G. (2003). Public investment and economic growth. Applied Economics, 35, 527-540.
  • Mittnik, S., & Neumann, T. (2001). Dynamic effects of public investment: vector auto regressive evidence from six industrialized countries. Empirical Economics, 26, 429-446.
  • Moszoro, M. W. (2024). The direct employment impact of public investment. International Journal of Management and Economics, 60(1), 59-74.
  • Nawaz, S., Iqbal, N.,& Khan, M. A. (2014). The impact of institutional quality on economic growth: panel evidence. The Pakistan Development Review, 53(1), 15-31.
  • Nguyen, C. P.,& Lee, G. S. (2021). Uncertainty, financial development, and FDI inflows: global evidence. Economic Modelling, 99, 105473.
  • Ordynskaya, E. V., Cherkovets, M. V., & Savchishina, K. E. (2024). Public investment and economic growth in different countries. Studies on Russian Economic Development, 35(6), 800-809.
  • Pellens, M., Peters, B., Hud, M., Rammer, C., & Licht, G. (2024). Public R&D investment in economic crises. Research Policy, 53(10), 105084.
  • Pirili, M. U. (2011). Bölgesel Kalkınmada kamu yatırımlarının rolü: kuramsal bir degerlendirme/the role of public investments in regional development: a theoretical review. Ege Akademik Bakis, 11(2), 309.
  • Potter, B. H.,& Diamond, J. (1999). Guidelines for Public Expenditure Management. Washington: International Monetary Fund, Publication Services.
  • Qamruzzaman, M. (2023). Nexus between economic policy uncertainty and institutional quality: evidence from India and Pakistan. Macro economics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 16(3), 389-408.
  • SBB (2023). 2023 Yılı Genel Faaliyet Raporu. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/2023-yili-genel-faaliyet-raporu/ Serletis, A.,& King, M. (1997). Commonn stochastic trends and convergence of European Union stock markets. The Manchester School, 65(1), 44-57.
  • Serven, L. (1998). Macroeconomic uncertainty and private investment in less developed countries: an empirical ınvestigation. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 2035.
  • Soete, L., Verspagen, B., & Ziesemer, T. H. (2022). Economic impact of public R&D: an international perspective. Industrial and Corporate Change, 31(1), 1-18.
  • Stasavage, D. (2003). Private investment and political institutions. Economics&Politics,14(1), 41-63.
  • Soto, M. (2000). Capital flows and growth in developing countrıes: recent empirical evidence. OECD Development Centre.Working Paper No. 160
  • Şanlısoy, S. (2010). Ekonomik politika belirsizliği ve politik istikrarsızlığın ekonomik büyümeye etkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(3), 27-42.
  • Tanzi, V.,& Davoodi, H. (1998). Corruption, public investment, and growth. In H. Shibata& T. Ihori (Ed.), Welfare State, Public Investment and Growth (pp. 41-60). Tokyo: Springer.
  • Tanzi, V.,& Davoodi, H.R. (2000). Corruption, growth and public finance. IMF Working Paper, No. 182.
  • Tan, B.K., Mert, M.,& Özdemir, Z. A. (2010). Kamu yatırımları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisine bir bakış: Türkiye, 1969-2003. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 25-39.
  • Tarı, R. (2015). Ekonometri (11. Baskı). Kocaeli: Umuttepe Yayınları.
  • Teyyare, E.,&Sayaner, K. (2018). Türkiye’de Sabit sermaye yatırımları, kurumsal kalite ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi analizi. Researcher Social Science Studies, 6(1), 179-196.
  • Toda, H. Y.,& Yamamato, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector auto regressions with possibly ıntegrated process. Journal of Econometrics, 66, 225-250.
  • Van Bon, N. (2019). Institutional quality and the public investment-growth relationship in Vietnam. Theoretical Economics Letters, 9, 691- 708.
  • Yılmaz, Ö.,& Kaya, V. (2005). Kamu harcama çeşitleri ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi. SÜ İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(9), 257-271.
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kalkınma Ekonomisi - Makro
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ece Topoğlu 0000-0002-9212-4347

Tuba Akar 0000-0003-1354-5678

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 1 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 30 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Topoğlu, E., & Akar, T. (2025). Kurumsal Kalite, Belirsizlik ve Kamu Yatırımları: Türkiye Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 287-309. https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.1722308