Terfezia Species Natural Distributed in Türkiye and Their Ecologies

Öz

Terfezia species, known as Keme, truffles, soil mushrooms and some other names in Türkiye, are classified as desert truffles because they are generally widespread in arid and semi-arid regions. Türkiye, especially Central Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia regions are the natural distribution areas of Terfezia species. These species, which attract attention with their superior flavors and high nutritional values as well as their medicinal properties, are in great demand all over the world. More than 50 species have been identified in the Terfezia genus and 7 of them have been recorded in different regions of Türkiye. The two most common Terfezia species in Türkiye are Terfezia claveryi and Terfezia bourdieri. On the other hand, T. olbiensis, T. arenaria, T. leptoderma, T. albida and T. cistophila are the other species distributed in Türkiye. In this review, some morphological and microscopic features of Terfezia species, their distribution, ecological demands and economic values were discussed based on the present literature, and some suggestions about protection of natural habitats were given.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ascomycetes
• keme
• domalan
• desert truffles
• habitat

Türkiye’de Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Terfezia Türleri ve Ekolojileri

Öz

Ülkemizde Keme, domalan, toprak mantarı ve diğer bazı isimlerle bilinen Terfezia türleri genellikle kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde yayılış gösterdiklerinden dolayı çöl trüfleri içerisinde sınıflandırılırlar. Türkiye’nin özellikle İç Anadolu, Güneydoğu Anadolu ve Doğu Anadolu bölgelerinde Terfezia türleri doğal olarak yayılış göstermektedir. Üstün lezzetleri ve yüksek besin değerlerinin yanı sıra tıbbi özellikleri ile de dikkat çeken Terfezia türleri tüm dünya da büyük talep görmektedir. Index Fungorum’a göreTerfezia cinsi içerisinde 50’den fazla tür tespit edilmiştir ve bunlardan 7 tanesi ülkemizin farklı bölgelerinde kayıt altına alınmıştır. Türkiye’de en yaygın görülen türler Terfezia boudieri ve T. claveryi’dir. Diğer taraftan, T. albida, T. arenaria, T. cistophila, T. leptoderma ve T. olbiensis türleri de Türkiye’de yayılış gösteren diğer türlerdir. Bu derlemede, ülkemizde yayılış gösteren Terfezia türleri ile bu türlerin morfolojik ve mikroskobik bazı özellikleri, yayılış alanları, ekolojik istekleri, ekonomik değerleri ve doğal yayılış alanları üzerindeki tehditler literatürde yer alan konu ile ilgili yürütülmüş çalışamaların sonuçlarına dayanılarak gözden geçirilmiş ve Terfezia türlerinin doğal yayılış alanlarının korunması ile ilgili bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ascomycetes
• keme
• domalan
• çöl türfleri
• doğal ortam

Kaynakça

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