Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi (Bursa, Türkiye) Görükle Kampüs Alanındaki Quercus robur Populasyonunun Taban ve Gövdesi Üzerindeki Epifitik Liken Çeşitliliğinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışma, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Görükle yerleşkesi alanında Ziraat Fakültesi yanında bulunan saplı meşe korusunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Quercus robur L.'un taban ve gövdesindeki epifitik liken çeşitliliğindeki farklılıklar analiz edilmiştir. Ağacın tabanında ve gövdesinde epifitik liken çeşitliliğinde önemli bir fark bulunmuştur. Q. robur üzerindeki epifitik likenlerin topluluk yapısı, Xanthorion parietinae alyansı içindeki Physcietum adscendens birliği ile karakterize edilmektedir. Epifitik likenlerin çeşitliliği ve tür sayısı gövdede ağacın tabanında olduğundan daha fazladır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Physcietum
• Tür çeşitliliği
• Tür zenginliği
• Xanthorion

Comparison of Epiphytic Lichen Diversity on the Base and Trunk of Quercus robur Population in Görükle Campus Area of Bursa Uludag University (Bursa, Türkiye)

Öz

This study was carried out in a pedunculate oak grove located next to the Faculty of Agriculture in the Görükle campus area of Bursa Uludag University. Differences in epiphytic lichen diversity on the base and trunk of Quercus robur L. were analyzed. A significant difference in epiphytic lichen diversity between the base and trunk of the tree was found. The community structure of epiphytic lichens on Q. robur is characterized by the Physcietum adscendens association within the alliance of Xanthorion parietinae. The diversity of epiphytic lichens and the number of species are higher on the trunk rather than at the base of the trees.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Physcietum
• Species diversity
• Species richness
• Xanthorion

Kaynakça

1. Akman, Y. (1999). İklim ve Biyoiklim (Biyoiklim Metodları ve Türkiye İklimleri). Kariyer Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., Ankara, Türkiye.
2. Asta, J., Erhardt, W., Ferretti, M., Fornasier, F., Kirschbaum, U., Nimis, P. L., Purvis, O. W., Pirintsos, S., Scheidegger, C., van Haluwyn, C. and Wirth, V. (2002). Mapping lichen diversity as an indicator of environmental quality. In: Nimis, P. L., Scheidegger, C. and Wolseley, P. A. (eds.), Monitoring with Lichens-Monitoring Lichens, Nato Science Program - IV, Vol. 7; p. 273-279. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0423-7_19
3. Caruso, A. and Thor, G. (2007). Importance of different tree fractions for epiphytic lichen diversity on Picea abies and Populus tremula in mature managed boreonemoral Swedish forests. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 22(3), 219-230. http://doi.org/10.1080/02827580701346031
4. Castillo-Campos, G., Pérez-Pérez, R. E., Córdova-Chávez, O., García-Franco, J. G., and Da Silva Cáceres, M. E. (2019). Vertical distribution of epiphytic lichens on Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl. in a remnant of cloud forest in the state of Veracruz, México. Nordic Journal of Botany, 19, e02459. http://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02459
5. Çobanoğlu, G. and Sevgi, O. (2009). Analysis of the distribution of epiphytic lichens on Cedrus libani in Elmali Research Forest (Antalya, Turkey). Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(2), :205-212.
6. Fazan, L., Gwiazdowicz, D. J., Fragnière, Y., Fałtynowicz, W., Ghosn, D., Remoundou, I., Rusińska, A., Urbański, P., Pasta, S., Garfì, G. and Kozlowski, G. (2022). Factors influencing the diversity and distribution of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes on the relict tree Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. (Ulmaceae). The Lichenologist, 54, 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282922000159
7. Filippini, E., Rodríguez, J. M., Quiroga, G. and Estrabou, C. (2020). Differential response of epiphytic lichen taxa to agricultural land use in a fragmented forest in Central Argentina. Cerne, 26(2), 272-278. http://doi.org/10.1590/01047760202026022733
8. Garrido-Benavent, I., Llop, E. and Gómez-Bolea, A. (2015). The effect of agriculture management and fire on epiphytic lichens on holm oak trees in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. The Lichenologist, 47(1), 59-68. http://doi.org/10.1017/S002428291400053X

9. Güvenç, Ş. and Aslan, A. (1994). Uludağ Üniversitesi Görükle Kampüsü ve çevresi likenleri üzerine taksonomik incelemeler. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(5), 52-56.
10. Güvenç, Ş., John, V. and Türk, A. (2020). Phytogeographical analysis of the lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Turkey. Borziana, 1, 87-108. https://doi.org/10.7320/Borz.001.087
11. Hauck, M. (2011). Site factors controlling epiphytic lichen abundance in northern coniferous forests. Flora, 206, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2010.02.001
12. Hauck, M. and Meifiner, T. (2002). Epiphytic lichen abundance on branches and trunks of Abies balsamea on
13. Whiteface Mountain, New York. Lichenologist, 34(5), 443-446. http://doi.org/10.1006/lich.2002.0410
14. Lara, F. and Mazimpaka, V. (1998). Succession of epiphytic bryophytes in a Quercus pyrenaica forest from the Spanish Central Range (Iberian Peninsula). Nova Hedwigia, 67, 125-138. http://doi.org/10.1127/nova.hedwigia/67/1998/125
15. Llewellyn, T., Gaya, E. and Murrell, D. J. (2020). Are Urban Communities in Successional Stasis? A Case Study on Epiphytic Lichen Communities. Diversity, 12, 330. http://doi.org/10.3390/d12090330
16. Marmor, L., Torra, T., Saag, L., Leppik, E. and Randlane, T. (2013). Lichens on Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris – from tree bottom to the top. The Lichenologist, 45(1), 51-63. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000564
17. Mitchell, R. J., Hewison, R. L., Beaton, J. and Douglass, J. R. (2021). Identifying substitute host tree species for epiphytes: The relative importance of tree size and species, bark and site characteristics. Applied Vegetation Science, 24, e12569. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12569
18. Muchnik, E. E. and Blagoveschenskaya, E. Yu. (2022). Distribution of Epiphytic Lichens along a Tree’s Trunk. Russian Journal of Ecology, 53(6), 448-455. http://doi.org/10.1134/S106741362206011X
19. Oran, S. (2019). Contributions to Lichenized Fungal Diversity of Görükle Campus Area (Bursa Uludag University-Bursa, Turkey). KSU J. Agric Nat., 22(5), 717-723. http://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.v22i45606.527244
20. Oran, S. and Öztürk, Ş. (2011). The diversity of lichen and lichenicolous fungi on Quercus taxa found in the Marmara region (Turkey). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 4(2), 204-223.
21. Öztürk, Ş. and Güvenç, Ş. (2010). Comparison of the epiphytic lichen communities growing on various tree species on Mt. Uludağ (Bursa, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 34(5), 449-456. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-0905-12
22. Öztürk, Ş., Güvenç, Ş. and Oran, S. (2019). The determination of the changes in epiphytic lichen diversity at microclimatic conditions the Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. Forest in the Uludağ Mountains (Bursa, Turkey). Nova Hedwigia, 109(3-4), 475-487. http://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2019/0556
23. Pirintsos, S. A., Diamantopoulos, J. and Stamou, G. P. (1993). Analysis of the Vertical Distribution of Epiphytic Lichens on Pinus nigra (Mount Olympos, Greece) along an Altitudinal Gradient. Vegetatio, 109(1), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00149545
24. Rheault, H., Drapeau, P., Bergeron, Y. and Esseen, P. A. (2003). Edge effects on epiphytic lichen in managed black spruce forests of eastern North America. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-152
25. Sevgi, O., Çobanoğlu, G. and Sevgi, E. (2010). Investigation of Lichen Populations by Similarity Analysis in Şerif Yüksel Research Forest (Bolu, Turkey). Journal of Environmental Biology, 31, 135-139.
26. Shukla, V., and Upreti, D. K. (2011). Changing lichen diversity in and around urban settlements of Garhwal Himalayas due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 174(1-4), 439-444. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1468-6
27. Tarımcılar, G, and Kaynak, G. (1994). Uludağ Üniversitesi (Bursa) Kampüs Alanı Florası II. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 3-16.
28. Tarımcılar, G., and Kaynak, G. (1995). Uludağ Üniversitesi (Bursa) Kampüs Alanı Florası. I. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Dergisi, 6(1), 21-45.
29. Ter Braak, C. J. F. and Smilauer, P. (2002). CANOCO Reference Manual and Cano Draw for Windows User’s Guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (Version 4.5). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, New York.
30. Wolseley, P. A., James, P. W., Theobald, M. R. and Sutton, M. A. (2006). Detecting changes in epiphytic lichen communities at sites affected by atmospheric ammonia from agricultural sources. The Lichenologist, 38(2), 161-176. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282905005487