Phytophthora infestans’a Karşı Entomopatojenik Fungusların In Vitro Antagonistik Aktivitesi

Öz

Patates mildiyösü Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary adı verilen bir fungus tarafından oluşturulan başta patates ve domates olmak üzere Solanaceae familyasına ait diğer kültür ve yabani bitkileri de görülen bir hastalıktır. Bu fungus hem ekonomik hem de tarihsel açıdan oldukça önemlidir. Salgın durumunda patateste tam mahsul bozulmasına veya ciddi kayıplara neden olabilmektedir. Hastalığın mücadelesinde genellikle kültürel ve kimyasal mücadele yöntemleri kullanılmakla beraber bu konuda spesifik bir biyolojik mücadele yöntemi bulunmamaktadır. Entomopatojenik funguslar ise zararlı böceklerle mücadelede biyolojik mücadele etmeni olarak yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Son zamanlarda ise bu fungusların çeşitli kültür bitkileri üzerinde endofitik olarak yaşayabildiğini ve birlikte yaşadığı bitkilere faydalı özellikler sağladığına dair birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise daha önceden patates tarlalarından izole edilen ve moleküler yöntemlerle tanımlanan çeşitli entomopatojenik fungusların P. infestans’a karşı in vitro antagonistik etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Daha önce yapılan çalışmada bu fungusların Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824) üzerinde öldürücü etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Antagonistik aktivite testleri “direct opposition method” yöntemine göre yapılmış ve yüzde (%) aktivite değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Testler sonucunda en etkili izolatların Beauveria sp. SK-14 (%75.23) ve Metarhizium sp. SK-24 (%76.23) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların patatesteki hastalık ve zararlılarının biyolojik mücadelesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.activities of various entomopathogenic fungi previously isolated from potato fields and identified by molecular methods against P. infestans. Earlier work determined that these fungi had a lethal effect on Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824). Antagonistic activity tests were performed according to the "direct opposition method" and percentage (%) activity values were calculated. As a result of the tests, the most effective isolates were found to be Beauveria sp. SK-14 (75.23%) and Metarhizium sp. SK-24 (76.23%). It is thought that the results obtained will contribute to the biological control of diseases and pests in potatoes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Entomopatojenik fungus
• Patates mildiyösü
• Antagonistik aktivite
• Biyolojik mücadele

In Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Phytophthora infestans

Öz

Potato downy mildew is a disease caused by a fungus called Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, which is mainly seen in potatoes and tomatoes, but also in other culture and wild plants belonging to the Solanaceae family. This fungus is quite important both from an economic and historical point of view. In case of an epidemic, it can cause full crop deterioration or serious losses in potatoes. Although cultural and chemical control methods are generally used in the control of the disease, there is no specific biological control method in this regard. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) are generally used as biological control agents in the control of insect pests. Recently, there are many studies showed that these fungi can live endophytically on various cultivated plants and provide beneficial properties to the plants they live with. In this study, it was aimed to determine the in vitro antagonistic activities of different entomopathogenic fungi previously isolated from potato fields and identified by molecular methods against P. infestans. Earlier work determined that these fungi had a lethal effect on Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824). Antagonistic activity tests were performed according to the "direct opposition method" and percentage (%) activity values were calculated. As a result of the tests, the most effective isolates were found to be Beauveria sp. SK-14 (75.23%) and Metarhizium sp. SK-24 (76.23%). It is thought that the results obtained will contribute to the biocontrol of diseases and pests in potatoes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Entomopathogenic fungi
• Potato downy mildew
• Antagonistic activity
• Biological control

Kaynakça

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