Examination of Galactomannan Antigen Test Results in the Diagnosis of Patients with Suspect of Invasive Aspergillosis

Öz

Invasive aspergillosis is an infectious disease caused by fungi from the Aspergillus species, and it typically has a high mortality rate among immunosuppressed individuals. Galactomannan antigen (GM) is a polysaccharide found in the cell wall of Aspergillus species and is used for early diagnosis, as traditional diagnostic methods often lead to significant delays in treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the results of galactomannan antigen testing in patients suspected of having invasive aspergillosis. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from patients with a preliminary diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis were sent to the laboratory for GM antigen testing. The GM antigens were detected using the Magnetic Bead-Coated Chemiluminescence method on the FACIS-I device. Galactomannan antigen positivity was found in 867 (15.3%) of the patients, with 492 (56.7%) of the positive samples coming from blood and 375 (43.3%) from bronchoalveolar lavage. Of the patients with positive galactomannan results, 282 (32.6%) were diagnosed with leukemia, 167 (19.2%) with pneumonia, and 142 (16.3%) with lymphoma. Among the samples that tested positive for the antigen, 343 (39.5%) were sent from Hematology, 292 (33.6%) from Chest Diseases, and 156 (18.1%) from Internal Medicine units. In conclusion, measuring galactomannan levels in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples can aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Therefore, evaluating galactomannan test results may help reduce mortality and morbidity associated with invasive aspergillosis infections.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bronchoalveolar lavage
• Galactomannan Antigen Test
• Invasive Aspergillosis
• Magnetic Bead Coated Chemiluminescence
• Serum.

İnvaziv Aspergilloz Şüphesi Olan Hastaların Tanısında Galaktomanan Antijen Test Sonuçlarının Araştırılması

Öz

Genellikle immünsüpresif bireylerde yüksek mortalite ile seyreden invaziv aspergilloz, Aspergillus türü mantarların sebep olduğu enfeksiyon hastalıktır. Hastalığın klasik tanı yöntemlerinin geç sonuç vermesi tedavide önemli gecikmelere neden olduğu için erken tanıda kullanılan galaktomannan antijeni, Aspergillus türünün hücre duvarında bulunan bir polisakkarittir. Bu çalışmanın amaçı invaziv aspergilloz şüphesi olan hastalarda galaktomannan antijen testinin sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmaya invaziv aspergilloz ön tanılı hastalardan galaktomannan antijeni isteğiyle laboratuvara gönderilen serum ve bronkoalveolar lavaj örnekleri dahil edilmiştir. Galaktomannan antijenlerinin tespiti, FACIS-I cihazında Manyetik Boncuk Kaplı Kemilüminesans yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Hastaların 867'sinde (%15.3) galaktomannan antijeni pozitifliği saptanmışdır. Pozitif örneklerin 492'si (%56.7) kan, 375 'si (%43.3) bronkoalveolar lavaj olmuştur. Galaktomannan pozitifliği olan hastaların; 282'si (%32.6) lösemi, 167'si (%19.2) pnömoni ve 142'si (%16.3) lenfoma tanısı almıştır. Antijen pozitifliği saptanan örneklerin 343'ü (%39.5) Hematoloji, 292'si (%33.6) Göğüs hastalıkları ve 156'sı (%18,1)'si İç Hastalıkları ünitelerinden gönderilmiştir. Sonuç olarak serum veya bronkoalveolar lavaj örneklerinde galaktomannan düzeylerinin bakılmasının invaziv aspergillozun erken tanı ve tedavisinde yararlı olacağı kanısına varılmıştır. Bu nedenle galaktomannan test sonuçlarının klinik verilerle beraber değerlendirilmesi invaziv aspergilloz enfeksiyonlarında mortalite ve morbiditenin azaltılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bronkoalveolar lavaj
• Galaktomannan Antijen Testi
• İnvaziv Aspergillozis
• Manyetik Boncuk Kaplı Kemilüminesans
• Serum.

Kaynakça

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