Atık Mantar Kompostunun Topraksız Tarımda Katı Ortam Materyali Olarak Kullanımı

Öz

Topraksız tarım teknikleri serada toprak yorgunluğu nedeniyle vazgeçilmez bir yöntemdir. Tarımda ileri ülkelerde %100’lere yakın oranda bu teknikle üretim yapılmaktadır. Bu konuda üretim maliyetini önemli derecede etkileyen unsurlardan birisi katı ortamdır. Katı ortam kültüründe en yaygın ve kullanışlı materyallerden biri kokopit olmasına ragmen bu materyalin temininde dışa bağımlı olmak önemli bir sorundur. Atık mantar kompostu; lignoselülozik (buğday, talaş, pirinç samanı ve mısır koçanı vb.) ve organik (protein, karbonhidratlar vb.) materyaller, artık mantar miselleri ve besin maddelerinin (azot, fosfor, potasyum vb.) karışımından oluşan mantar endüstrisinin organik toprak benzeri atığıdır. Mantar üretim süreci sonunda ortaya çıkan bu materyal atık olarak nitelendirilir ve kullanım alanı sınırlıdır. 1 kg mantar üretimi sonucunda yaklaşık 2.5-5 kg kadar atık mantar kompostu ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Avrupa’da her yıl üç milyon tondan fazla kullanılmış mantar kompostunun çıktığı bildirilmektedir. Atık mantar kompostu günümüzde yaygın olarak atık alanlarına atılarak veya yakılarak ortadan kaldırılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu durum çevre ve hava kirliliği gibi önemli bir problem oluşturmakta, insan sağlığını da olumsuz etkilemektedir. Atık mantar kompostunun farklı alanlarda değerlendirilmesi, ekonomiye kazandırılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Fiziksel özellikleri ve besin içeriği nedeniyle kullanılmış mantar kompostunun bitkisel üretimde yetiştirme ortamı olarak kullanılma potansiyeli oldukça büyüktür. Ancak atık sonrası bir takım işlemlerden geçirilmesi ve düzenlenmesi gereklidir. Günümüzde önemi daha da ortaya çıkan topraksız tarım sistemlerine atık mantar kompostunun ortam materyali olarak kazandırılması ekonomiye hem katma değer sağlaması hem de çevre kirliliğinin önlenmesi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada atık mantar kompostunun topraksız tarımda ortam materyali olarak kullanılabilme olanakları ve özellikleri bilimsel çalışmalar ışığında tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Katı Ortam
• Mantar Kompostu
• Topraksız Tarım
• Atık

Use of Waste Mushroom Compost as Solid Media Material in Soilless Agriculture

Öz

Soilless culture techniques are an indispensable method due to soil fatigue in greenhouses. In advanced countries in agriculture, production is carried out with this technique at a rate of almost 100%. One of the things that significantly affects the production cost in this regard is the solid medium. Although cocopeat is one of the most common and useful materials in solid media culture, dependence on external sources for the supply of this material is a significant problem. Waste mushroom compost is the organic soil-like waste of the mushroom industry, consisting of a mixture of lignocellulosic (wheat, sawdust, rice straw and corn cob, etc.) and organic (protein, carbohydrates, etc.) materials, residual mushroom mycelium and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.). This material, which is produced at the end of the mushroom production process, is considered waste and its usage area is limited. Approximately 2.5-5 kg of waste mushroom compost can be produced from 1 kg of mushroom production. It is reported that more than three million tons of used mushroom compost is produced every year in Europe. Today, waste mushroom compost is commonly tried to be disposed of by throwing it in landfills or burning it. This situation creates a critical problem such as environmental and air pollutionand negatively affects human health. It is essential to evaluate the waste mushroom compost in different areas and add it to the economy. Due to its physical properties and nutritional content, the potential of used mushroom compost to be used as a growing medium in plant production is relatively high. However, it needs to be processed and regulated after the waste. The use of waste mushroom compost as a medium material in soilless culture systems, whose importance is becoming significanceincreasingly apparent today, is of great importance in providing added value to the economy and preventing environmental pollution. In this study, the possibilities and properties of using waste mushroom compost as a medium material in soilless culture were determined in the light of scientific studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Substrat
• Mushroom compost
• Soilless culture
• Waste

Kaynakça

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