Assessing Antifungal Resistance and Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Candida parapsilosis Isolates from Makeup Sponges

Öz

Candida parapsilosis is an opportunistic pathogen that can colonize human mucous membranes and skin and develop resistance to antifungal treatments due to its ability to form biofilms. This study investigated the biofilm formation capacities and antifungal resistance of Candida parapsilosis isolates obtained from makeup sponges. The biofilm formation capacities among 46 Candida parapsilosis isolates were determined using the crystal violet quantitative method. Amphotericin B resistance in the isolates was evaluated with the agar disk diffusion method. The antifungal resistances of biofilm-producing species were assessed using the gradient test method. The crystal violet analysis revealed that most isolates were weak biofilm producers, with 17 exhibiting moderate biofilm production. It was determined that the isolates gave inhibition zones between 19.73 ± 1.54 mm and 23.71 ± 0.70 mm against amphotericin B by the agar disk diffusion method. It was concluded that 17 isolates with moderate biofilm production were susceptible to the antifungal agents clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, and nystatin. The study emphasizes that makeup sponges may serve as reservoirs for Candida parapsilosis and highlights the importance of evaluating the antifungal susceptibility of biofilm-forming isolates. These findings are significant for the hygienic use of personal care products and implementing infection control measures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Candida parapsilosis
• Makeup sponge
• Antifungal resistance
• Biofilm

Makyaj Süngerlerinden İzole Edilen Candida parapsilosis İzolatlarının Antifungal Dirençliliği ve Biyofilm Oluşturma Kapasitelerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Candida parapsilosis, insan derisini ve mukoza zarlarını kolonize edebilen, biyofilm oluşturma yeteneği nedeniyle antifungal tedavilere direnç geliştirebilen fırsatçı bir patojendir. Bu çalışmada makyaj süngerlerinden izole edilen Candida parapsilosis izolatlarının antifungal dirençlilikleri ve biyofilm oluşturma kapasiteleri araştırılmıştır. 46 Candida parapsilosis izolatı arasındaki biyofilm oluşturma kapasiteleri kristal viyole kantitatif yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İzolatlardaki amfoterisin B direnci agar disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Biyofilm üreten türlerin antifungal dirençlilikleri ise gradyan test yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Kristal viyole analizi sonucunda, izolatların çoğunun zayıf biyofilm üreticisi olduğu 17 izolatın ise orta düzeyde biyofilm üreticisi olduğu belirlendi. Agar disk difüzyon yöntemiyle amfoterisin B'ye karşı izolatların 19,73 ± 1,54 mm ile 23,71 ± 0,70 mm arasında inhibisyon zonu verdiği tespit edildi. Orta düzeyde biyofilm üreticisi olan 17 izolatın ise flukonazol, itrakonazol, klotrimazol, amfoterisin B ve nistatin antifungallerine duyarlı olduğu belirlendi. Çalışmada, makyaj süngerlerinin Candida parapsilosis için rezervuar görevi görebileceğini ve biyofilm oluşturan izolatların antifungal duyarlılığının değerlendirilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu bulgular, kişisel bakım ürünlerinin hijyenik kullanımı ve enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerinin uygulanması açısından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Candida parapsilosis
• Makyaj süngeri
• Antifungal direnç
• Biyofilm

Kaynakça

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