Araştırma Makalesi

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species

Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2 22 Ekim 2026
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species

Öz

Candidemia is a critical bloodstream infection with high mortality rates, particularly in intensive care units. Several studies have reported an increase in the incidence of candidemia in intensive care units (ICUs) and changes in distribution of causative Candida species during the COVID-19 pandemic. This retrospective study aims to evaluate changes in the distribution of Candida species isolated from blood cultures from ICUs in the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Yalova Training and Research Hospital in the periods before (2016–2019) and after (2020–2024) the COVID-19 pandemic. Blood cultures were incubated using the Render BC128 and DL-Bt 112 automated blood culture systems; species identification was performed using the VITEK® automated identification system in both periods. Analyses revealed a statistically significant increase in the isolation rate of Candida albicans in post-pandemic period (from 65.2% to 84.0%; p=0.033) and a significant decrease in isolation rate of Candida parapsilosis (from 15.2% to 2.0%; p=0.019). No significant differences were observed in other Candida species. Data indicate that COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant change in species distribution of candidemia agents. In particular, increase in isolation frequency of C. albicans and the significant decrease in C. parapsilosis point to the need to review clinical management approaches and empirical antifungal treatment strategies. It is thought that changes in infection control practices and differentiations in patient profiles and intensive care dynamics during pandemic may have influenced this distribution. Our findings once again emphasize importance of regular surveillance, rapid species-level diagnostic methods, and antifungal susceptibility monitoring in clinical practice for candidemia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

no

Proje Numarası

No

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Yalova University Ethics Committee Coordination Office, Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee for Health Sciences (30.10.2025; Protocol No: 2025/410), and the research process was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.

Teşekkür

no

Kaynakça

  1. Arendrup, M.C., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Jørgensen, K.M., Barac, A., Steinmann, J., Toscano, C., Arsenijevic, V.A., Sartor, A., Lass-Flörl, C., Hamprecht, A., Matos, T., Rogers, B.R.S., Quiles, I., Buil, J., Özenci, V., Krause, R., Bassetti, M., Loughlin, L., Denis, B., Grancini, A., White, P.L., Lagrou, K., Willinger, B., Rautemaa-Richardson, R., Hamal, P., Ener, B., Unalan-Altintop, T., Evren, E., Hilmioglu-Polat, S., Oz, Y., Ozyurt, O.K., Aydin, F., Růžička, F., Meijer, E.F.J., Gangneux, J.P., Lockhart, D.E.A., Khanna, N., Logan, C., Scharmann, U., Desoubeaux, G., Roilides, E., Talento, A.F., van Dijk, K., Koehler, P., Salmanton-García, J., Cornely, O.A. ve Hoenigl, M. (2023). European candidaemia is characterised by notable differential epidemiology and susceptibility pattern: Results from the ECMM Candida III study. J Infect. 87 (5): 428-437.
  2. Arendrup, M.C. ve Patterson, T.F. (2017). Multidrug-resistant Candida: Epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and treatment. J Infect Dis. 216 (Suppl 3): S445-S451.
  3. Aydın, S., Mert, A., Yılmaz, M., Al Maslamani, M., Rahimi, B.A., Ayoade, F., El-Kholy, A., Belitova, M., Sengel, B.E., Jalal, S., Albayrak, A., Alatawi, J.A., Szabo, B.G., Ganeshan, R.S., Nsutebu, E., Poojary, A., Akkoyunlu, Y., Alkan, S., Elik, D.B., Eser-Karlıdağ, G., Santos, L., Moroti, R., Altın, N., Gürbüz, E., Ulusoy, T.Ü., Sipahi, O.R., Çaşkurlu, H., Esmaoğlu, A., Lakatos, B., El-Sayed, N.M., Marino, A., Cascio, A., Mihai, A., Dumitru, I.M., Pshenichnaya, N., Ripon, R.K., Makek, M.J., Rashid, N., Baljić, R., Dascalu, C., Sincan, G., Kızmaz, Y.U., Madendere, B. ve Erdem, H. (2024). Understanding clinical outcomes and factors influencing mortality in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19-associated candidemia. Mycoses. 67 (1): e13687.
  4. Aydoğan, S., Samadzade, R., Maçin, S., Dağı, H.T. ve Fındık, D. (2022). Pandemi döneminde kan kültürlerinden izole edilen Candida türlerinin dağılımı ve antifungal duyarlılıklarının değerlendirilmesi. Mantar Dergisi. 13 (3): 105-110.
  5. Bauer, K.A., Yu, K., Moise, P.A., Finelli, L., Ai, C., Watts, J., Ye, G. ve Gupta, V. (2023). Morbidity and mortality of hospitalised patients with candidemia during the various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic waves: A multicentre evaluation of 248 US hospitals. Mycoses. 66 (6): 483-487.
  6. Brandt, F.P., Sawazaki, J.A. ve Cavalcante, R.S. (2024). Epidemiology of candidemia during COVID-19 pandemic era in a teaching hospital: A non-concurrent cohort study. Med Mycol. 62 (7): myae069.
  7. Chowdhary, A., Sharma, C. ve Meis, J.F. (2017). Candida auris: A rapidly emerging cause of hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant fungal infections globally. PLoS Pathog. 13 (5): e1006290.
  8. Dixit, D., Jen, P., Maxwell, T.D., Smoke, S., McCracken, J.A., Cardinale-King, M., Haribhakti, A., Patel, P., Cani, E., Choi, S.C., Jagpal, S., Varughese, T., Tatem, L.L. ve Bhowmick, T. (2022). Risk factors and clinical outcomes of candidemia associated with severe COVID-19. Crit Care Explor. 4 (9): e0762.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Mikoloji, Mikrobiyoloji (Diğer), Tıbbi Mikoloji, Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

22 Ekim 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

18 Mart 2026

Kabul Tarihi

7 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kaya, G., İncirkuş Küçük, H., Yilmaz Erbay, E., Solmaz, S., Oskay, M., & Han, R. (2026). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species. Mantar Dergisi, 17(2), 99-107. https://doi.org/10.30708/mantar.1912728
AMA
1.Kaya G, İncirkuş Küçük H, Yilmaz Erbay E, Solmaz S, Oskay M, Han R. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species. Değerlendirme süreci. 2026;17(2):99-107. doi:10.30708/mantar.1912728
Chicago
Kaya, Gülsüm, Hülya İncirkuş Küçük, Ece Yilmaz Erbay, Sinem Solmaz, Mehtap Oskay, ve Ramazan Han. 2026. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species”. Mantar Dergisi 17 (2): 99-107. https://doi.org/10.30708/mantar.1912728.
EndNote
Kaya G, İncirkuş Küçük H, Yilmaz Erbay E, Solmaz S, Oskay M, Han R (01 Ekim 2026) The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species. Mantar Dergisi 17 2 99–107.
IEEE
[1]G. Kaya, H. İncirkuş Küçük, E. Yilmaz Erbay, S. Solmaz, M. Oskay, ve R. Han, “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species”, Değerlendirme süreci, c. 17, sy 2, ss. 99–107, Eki. 2026, doi: 10.30708/mantar.1912728.
ISNAD
Kaya, Gülsüm - İncirkuş Küçük, Hülya - Yilmaz Erbay, Ece - Solmaz, Sinem - Oskay, Mehtap - Han, Ramazan. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species”. Mantar Dergisi 17/2 (01 Ekim 2026): 99-107. https://doi.org/10.30708/mantar.1912728.
JAMA
1.Kaya G, İncirkuş Küçük H, Yilmaz Erbay E, Solmaz S, Oskay M, Han R. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species. Değerlendirme süreci. 2026;17:99–107.
MLA
Kaya, Gülsüm, vd. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species”. Mantar Dergisi, c. 17, sy 2, Ekim 2026, ss. 99-107, doi:10.30708/mantar.1912728.
Vancouver
1.Gülsüm Kaya, Hülya İncirkuş Küçük, Ece Yilmaz Erbay, Sinem Solmaz, Mehtap Oskay, Ramazan Han. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Epidemiology of Candidemia and the Distribution of Candida Species. Değerlendirme süreci. 01 Ekim 2026;17(2):99-107. doi:10.30708/mantar.1912728

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