Erzincan İli Atmosferik Sporlarının Volümetrik Aeromikolojik İzlem ile Belirlenmesi ve Meteorolojik Veriler ile İlişkisi

Öz

Atmosferik mantar sporları ekosistemleri etkileyerek insan, hayvan ve bitki sağlığını tehdit ettiğinden sporların tanımlanması ve önlem stratejileri belirlenmesi açısından önem taşır. Erzincan'da atmosferik sporları belirlemek için 1 Ocak–31 Aralık 2022 arasında Lanzoni VPPS 2000 volümetrik cihazı ile haftalık örnekleme yapıldı. Elde edilen yıllık verilerden sporlar tanımlanarak Ana Spor Sezonu (ASS) başlangıç ve bitiş tarihleri belirlendi. Belirlenen sporlar ile Erzincan’a ait 2022 yılı meteoroloji verileri arasındaki ilişki Spearman korelasyonu ve Genel Lineer Model (GLM) ile analiz edildi. Erzincan atmosferinde 2022 yılında yıllk spor integrali 149.668 spor*gün/m³ olarak tespit edildi; aylık en yüksek değer temmuz ayında 57.996 spor*gün/m³, en düşük Şubat ayında 2.858 spor*gün/m³ olarak belirlendi. Tanımlamalar sonucunda Erzincan atmosferinde toplam 27 spor tipi kaydedildi; bunlar arasında bir miksomiset tipi spor, 21 Ascomycota spor tipi ve beş Basidiomycota spor tipi bulunuyordu. Taksonomik çeşitliliğin temmuz ayında en yüksek, şubat ayında en düşük olduğu belirlendi. Baskın spor taksonları %53,48 ile Cladosporium; %11,06 ile Ustilago; %5,94 ile Alternaria; %4,56 ile Leptosphaeria; % 4,40 ile Aspergillus/Penicillum; %3,73 ile Periconia; %3,08 Myxomycete tip spor; %2,80 ile Pleaospora; %2,48 ile Agrocybe; %1,54 ile Pithomyces olarak belirlendi. Analizler, sıcaklığın tüm cinslerle genel olarak pozitif ve anlamlı ilişkiler gösterdi (p<0.001), bağıl nem genellikle negatif korelasyonlar sergiledi, yağışın etkisi zayıf ve çoğunlukla anlamsızdı, rüzgar hızı ise bazı cinslerde zayıf pozitif ilişki sergiledi. Erzincan’ın özgün coğrafyası ve bir yıllık volümetrik izleme verileri, takson zenginliği, mevsimsel pikler ile meteorolojik ilişkilerin belirlenmesine olanak sağladı. Elde edilen bulgular ile mevsimsel risk dönemlerinin belirlenmesi, halk sağlığı, tarım ve hayvancılık önlemlerine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Havadaki mantar sporları
• Aeromikoloji
• Volümetrik örnekleme
• Erzincan

Assessment of Airborne Spores in Erzincan Province via Volumetric Aeromycological Monitoring and Relationship Correlation with Meteorological Data

Öz

Atmospheric spores pose threats to human, animal and plant health by affecting ecosystems; therefore, their identification and the development of prevention strategies are of great importance. To characterize atmospheric spores in Erzincan, weekly sampling was conducted from 01 January to 31 December 2022 using a Lanzoni VPPS‑2000 volumetric sampler. Based on the annual dataset, spores were identified and the start and end dates of the Main Spore Season (MSS) were determined. Relationships between the identified spore taxa and Erzincan’s 2022 meteorological data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and generalized linear models (GLM). The annual spore index (ASIn) was 149,668 spores*day/m³ in 2022. The highest monthly concentration occurred in July (57,996 spores*day/m³) and the lowest in February (2,858 spores*day/m³). A total of 27 spore types were recorded, including one myxomycete-type spore, 21 Ascomycota spore types, and five Basidiomycota spore types. Taxonomic diversity peaked in July and was lowest in February. The dominant airborne spore taxa were Cladosporium (53.48%), Ustilago (11.06%), Alternaria (5.94%), Leptosphaeria (4.56%), Aspergillus/Penicillium (4.40%), Periconia (3.73%), Myxomycetes type spores (3.08%), Pleospora (2.80%), Agrocybe (2.48%) and Pithomyces (1.54%). Analyses indicated that temperature was generally positively and significantly associated with all genera (p<0.001), relative humidity showed predominantly negative correlations, rainfall effects were weak and mostly non‑significant, and wind speed exhibited weak positive correlations for some genera. Erzincan’s distinctive geography and the the year-long volumetric monitoring dataset enabled characterization of taxonomic diversity, seasonal peaks, and taxon‑specific meteorological relationships; these findings can inform identification of seasonal risk periods and support targeted public‑health, agricultural, and livestock management interventions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Airborne Fungal Spores
• Aeromycology
• volumetric trap
• Erzincan province

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval was not required for this study because this study involved only environmental sampling and analysis.

Teşekkür

I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Ali Kandemir and Dr. Halil İbrahim Türkoğlu for their kind support.

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