EVOLUTION AND LEVEL OF AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT IN TURKEY AND IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Öz

The developments of agricultural support policies in Turkey and in the European Union are different from each other. When the EU was applying protectionist policies, Turkey was on the way of liberalising its economy in 1980s. After Uruguay Round (1995), developed countries took steps for reducing protectionist policies in agriculture for the first time. As Turkey and European Union were signatories of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, they reduced their support levels. Despite the successful reforms and WTO (World Trade Organization) commitments, support level in the European Union remained high. Only in the last years, producer support estimate had a decreasing trend. Instead, Turkey increased the support policy that requires production and so producer support estimate increased after 2000. While the support level is not as high as in the EU, producer support estimate is at EU and OECD levels in the last years. This paper, so as to contribute to the literature, examines the agricultural support policies and levels in Turkey and in the European Union for better understanding the differences between them. In this regard, the aim of the paper is to develop an approach to comment on the differences in agricultural policies by comparing them and on the protection levels between Turkey and European Union by using Producer Support Estimate of OECD.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Agricultural Support Policies
• Producer Support Estimate
• Protection

TÜRKİYE’DE VE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NDE TARIMSAL DESTEKLERİN GELİŞİMİ VE SEVİYESİ

Öz

Türkiye'de ve Avrupa Birliği'nde uygulanan tarım destek politikalarının gelişmeleri birbirinden çok farklıdır. 1980'li yıllarda AB korumacı politikaları uygularken, Türkiye ekonomisi liberalleşme yolundaydı. Uruguay Turu (1995) sonrası, gelişmiş ülkelerde ilk kez tarımda korumacı politikaları azaltmak için adımlar atıldı. Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği Uruguay Turu Tarım Anlaşmasını imzalayan taraflar olduğu için, destek seviyelerini zaman içinde azalttılar. Ancak başarılı reformlar ve DTÖ taahhütlerine rağmen, Avrupa Birliği'ndeki destek seviyesi yüksek kaldı. Sadece son yıllarda, üretici desteği tahmininde azalan bir eğilim vardı. Bunun aksine, Türkiye üretimle bağlantılı destek seviyesini artırırken, 2000 yılından sonra üretici destek tahmini de yükselme eğilimindeydi. Türkiye’deki destek seviyesi AB'deki kadar yüksek olmasa da, üretici desteği tahmini son yıllarda AB ve OECD seviyelerindedir. Bu makale, literatüre katkı sağlamak amacıyla Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği’ndeki tarımsal destek politikalarını ve destek seviyesini incelemektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de uygulanan tarımsal destek politikalarının gelişimindeki ve OECD’nin Üretici Destek Eşdeğeri ölçümü yardımıyla destek seviyelerindeki farklılıkları inceleyip, yorumlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tarımsal Destek Politikaları
• Üretici Destek Tahmini
• Korumacılık

Kaynakça

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