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TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 119 - 142, 25.12.2013

Ufuk Alkan

https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.104

Öz

The aim of this article is to evaluate the Europeanization of foreign policy in Turkey. The main argument of the article is that rational instrumentality underlies the Europeanization of foreign policy in Turkey. It is stated in line with this argument that although the Europeanization of foreign policy in Turkey has gained impetus after the country’s candidacy to the EU was declared at the December 1999 Helsinki European Council, the process of Europeanization has slowed down as a consequence of some developments that Turkey and the EU have experienced in their relations after accession negotiations started on 3 October 2005. The article concludes that the credibility of full membership to the EU is highly influential in the Europeanization of foreign policy in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkey Europeanization Turkish Foreign Policy

Kaynakça

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TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 119 - 142, 25.12.2013

Ufuk Alkan

https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.104

Öz

Özet

Bu makalenin amacı Türkiye’de dış politikanın Avrupalılaşma’sını değer- lendirmektir. Makalenin ileri sürdüğü temel argüman Türk Dış Politikasının Avrupalılaşma’sında rasyonel faydacı bir yaklaşımın etkili olduğudur. Bu argüman doğrultusunda, Türkiye’de dış politikanın Avrupalılaşma’sı sürecinin Aralık 1999 Helsinki Zirvesi’nde Türkiye’nin AB’ye adaylığının resmen ilan edilmesinin ardından ivme kazandığı ancak 3 Ekim 2005 tarihinde Birlik’e katılım müzakerelerinin başlamasının ardından Türkiye-AB ilişkilerinde yaşanan birtakım gelişmelerin sonucunda Avrupalılaşma sürecinin yavaşladığı ifade edilmektedir. Makalede, tam üyelik beklentisinin inandırıcılığının Türkiye açısından dış poli- tikanın Avrupalılaşma’sını önemli ölçüde etkilediği sonucuna varılmaktadır.

Anahtar kelimeler: Türkiye, Avrupalılaşma, Türk Dış Politikası

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türkiye Avrupalılaşma Türk Dış Politikası

Kaynakça

  • Aggestam, L,. (2004), “Role Identity and the Europeanization of Foreign Policy: A PoliticalCultural Approach” Ben Tonra ve Thomas Christiansen (der.) Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy içinde. Manchester ve New York: Manchester University Press, ss.81-98
  • Aksu, F., (2004), “Ege ve Kıbrıs Sorunlarının Çözümünde Avrupa Birliği’nin Tutumu”, Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(3), ss. 103-132
  • Aybet, G., (2009), “Fault Lines or Integration: The EU Impact on Greek-Turkish Relations”, Othon Anastasakis, Kalypso Nicolaidis ve Kerem Öktem (der.) In the Long Shadow of Europe: Greeks and Turks in the Era of Postnationalism içinde. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, ss. 145-166
  • Aydın, M. & Açıkmeşe S. A., (2007), “Europeanization through EU conditionality: understanding the new era in Turkish Foreign Policy”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 9(3), ss. 263-274
  • Aydın-Düzgit, S. & Keyman E. F., (2004), “European Integration and the Transformation of Turkish Democracy”, Centre for European Policy Studies, EU-Turkey Working Papers, 2, August
  • Balkır, C. & Soyaltın D., (2010), “The Limits to Europeanization: Analyzing Domestic Change in Turkey”, Çiğdem Nas ve Rana İzci (der.) Changing Europe and Turkey: Current Debates içinde. İstanbul: Punto Printing House, ss. 29-58
  • Börzel, T. A., (1999), “Towards Convergence in Europe? Institutional Adaptation to Europeanisation in Germany and Spain”, Journal of Common Market Studies 37(4), ss. 573-596
  • Börzel, T. A. & Risse T., (2003), “Conceptualizing Domestic Impact of Europe”, Kevin, Featherstone ve Claudio, M. Radaelli (der.) The Politics of Europeanization içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ss. 57-80
  • Bulmer, S., (2008), “Theorizing Europeanization”, Maarten P. Vink ve Paolo Graziano (der.) Europeanization: New Research Agendas içinde. Hampshire ve New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ss. 46-58
  • Cebeci, M. & Aaltola M., (2011), “Transatlantic Foreign Policy Research Communities: A Debate on US and European Approaches in Scholarship”, Münevver Cebeci (der.) Issues in EU and US Foreign Policy içinde. Plymouth: Lexington Books, ss. 13-44
  • Checkel, J., (1998), “The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory”, World Politics, 50(2), ss. 324-348
  • Checkel, J., (2005), “International Institutions and Socialization in Europe: Introduction and Framework”, International Organization, 59(4), ss. 801-826
  • Council of the European Union (2005) Declaration by the European Community and Its Member States, 12541/05 (Presse 243), [Online] http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/misc/86300.pdf
  • [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • Council of the European Union (2005a) Negotiating Framework Document, 3 October 2005, [Online] http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/turkey/st20002_05_tr_framedoc_en.pdf [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • Diez, T., (2002), “Last Exit to Paradise? The European Union, the Cyprus Conflict and the Problematic Catalytic Effect”, Thomas Diez (der.) The European Union and the Cyprus Conflict: Modern Conflict, Postmodern Union içinde. Manchester ve New York: Manchester University Press, ss. 139-162
  • Dinan, D., (2010), Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration, 4 th Edition, Hampshire ve New York: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Economides, S., (2005), “The Europeanization of Greek Foreign Policy”, West European Politics, 28(2), ss. 471-491
  • Emerson, M. & Tocci N., (2004), “Turkey as a Bridgehead and Spearhead: Integrating EU and Turkish Foreign Policy”, Centre for European Policy Studies, EU-Turkey Working Papers, 1, August
  • European Commission, (1989), Commission Opinion on Turkey’s Request for Accession to the Community, SEC (89) 2290 final, [Online] http://aei.pitt.edu/4475/1/4475.pdf [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
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  • European Commission, (2007), Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession, SEC (2007) 1436 {COM (2007) 663 final}, [Online] http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2007/nov/turkey_progress_reports_e n.pdf [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
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  • European Commission, (2010), Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession, SEC (2010) 1327 {COM (2010) 660 final}, [Online] http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2010/package/tr_rapport_2010_en.p df [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • European Commission, (2011), Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession, SEC (2011) 1201 {COM (2011) 666 final}, [Online] http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2011/package/tr_rapport_2011_en.p df [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • European Council, (1997), Presidency Conclusions, 12-13 Aralık, [Online] http://www.ab.gov.tr/files/ardb/evt/1_avrupa_birligi/1_4_zirveler_1985_sonrasi/1997_12 _luksemburg_zirvesi_baskanlik_sonuc_bildirgesi_en.pdf [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
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  • European Council, (2002), Presidency Conclusions, 12-13 Aralık, [Online] http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/73842.pdf [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • European Council, (2004), Presidency Conclusions, 16-17 Aralık, [Online] http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/83201.pdf [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • Featherstone, K., (2003), “Introduction: In the Name of Europe”, Kevin, Featherstone ve Claudio, M. Radaelli (der.) The Politics of Europeanization içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ss. 1-26
  • Gözen, R., (2006), “Türk Dış Politikasının Avrupa Birliği’ne Doğru Dönüşümü”, Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 2(6), ss. 1-16
  • Grabbe, H., (2003), “Europeanization Goes East: Power and Uncertainty in the EU Accession Process”, Kevin, Featherstone ve Claudio, M. Radaelli (der.) The Politics of Europeanization içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ss. 303-327
  • Gross, E., (2009), The Europeanization of National Foreign Policy: Continuity and Change in European Crisis Management, Hampshire ve New York: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Gündüz, A., (2001), “Greek-Turkish Disputes: How to Resolve Them?”, Dimitris Keridis ve Dimitrios Triantaphyllou (der.) Greek-Turkish Relations in the Era of Globalization içinde. Dulles: Brassey’s, Inc., ss. 81-101
  • Hall, P. A. & Taylor C. R., (1996), “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms”, Political Studies, 19(4), ss. 936-957
  • Hill, C., (1998), “Convergence, Divergence and Dialectics: National Foreign Policies and the CFSP”, Jan Zielonka (der.) Paradoxes of European Foreign Policy içinde. La Hey: Kluwer Law International, ss. 35-51
  • Hill, C. & Wong R., (2011), “Introduction”, Christopher Hill ve Reuben Wong (der.) National and European Foreign Policies: Towards Europeanization içinde. New York: Routledge, ss. 1-18
  • Kazan, I., (2002), “Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean, Seen from Turkey”, Thomas Diez (der.) The European Union and the Cyprus Conflict: Modern Conflict, Postmodern Union içinde. Manchester ve New York: Manchester University Press, ss. 50-62
  • Keridis, D., (2001), “Domestic Developments and Foreign Policy: Greek Policy Toward Turkey”, Dimitris Keridis ve Dimitrios Triantaphyllou (der.) Greek-Turkish Relations in the Era of Globalization içinde. Dulles: Brassey’s, Inc., ss. 2-18
  • Kotzias, N., (2009), “EU, Turkey and Greece: The Paradoxes of Convergence” Othon Anastasakis, Kalypso Nicolaidis ve Kerem Öktem (der.) In the Long Shadow of Europe: Greeks and Turks in the Era of Postnationalism içinde. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, ss. 263-285
  • Kut, Ş., (2001), “Türk Dış Politikasında Ege Sorunu”, Faruk Sönmezoğlu (der.) Türk Dış Politikasının Analizi içinde. İstanbul: Der Yayınları, ss. 253-270
  • Ladrech, R., (1994), “Europeanization of Domestic Politics and Institutions: the Case of France”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 32(1), ss. 69-88
  • Manners, I. & Whitman R. G., (2000), “Conclusion”, Ian Manners ve Richard G. Whitman (der.) The Foreign Policies of European Union Member States içinde. Manchester ve New York: Manchester University Press, ss. 243-273
  • March, J. G. & Olsen J. P., (1998), “The Institutional Dynamics of International Political Orders”, International Organization 52 (4), ss. 943-969
  • March, J. G. & Olsen J. P., (2004), “The Logic of Appropriateness”, Arena Working Papers, WP 04/09, 1-28, [Online] http://www.sv.uio.no/arena/english/research/publications/arenapublications/workingpaper s/working-papers2004/wp04_9.pdf [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • Milliyet (1997) Denge Bozulursa Türkiye Vurur [Online, 06 Ocak] http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/ [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • Milliyet, (2000), Atina Cem’e Hazır [Online, 02 Şubat] http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/ [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • Müftüler-Baç, M., (2008), “The European Union’s Accession Negotiations with Turkey from a Foreign Policy Perspective”, European Integration, 30(1), 63-78
  • Nas, Ç., (2012), “Europeanization of Identity: The Case of the Rebuffed Candidate”, Çiğdem Nas ve Yonca Özer (der.) Turkey and the European Union: Processes of Europeanization içinde. Aldershot: Ashgate, ss. 23-44
  • Oğuzlu, T., (2008), “Middle Easternization of Turkey’s Foreign Policy: Does Turkey Dissociate from the West?”, Turkish Studies, 9(1), ss. 3-20
  • Olsen, J. P., (2002), “The Many Faces of Europeanization”, Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(5), ss. 921-952
  • Özcan, G., (2010), “The Changing Role of Turkey’s Military in Foreign Policy Making”, UNISCI Discussion Papers, 23(2), ss. 23-46
  • Özer, Y., (2012), “The EU’s Impact on Democratization in Turkey: Europeanization through Political Conditionality”, Çiğdem Nas ve Yonca Özer (der.) Turkey and the European Union: Processes of Europeanization içinde. Aldershot: Ashgate, ss. 45-68
  • Radaelli, C. M., (2003), “The Europeanization of Public Policy”, Kevin Featherstone ve Claudio M. Radaelli (der.) The Politics of Europeanization içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ss. 27-56
  • Schimmelfennig, F. & Sedelmeier U., (2004), “Governance by Conditionality: EU Rule Transfer to the Candidate Countries of Central and Eastern Europe”, Journal of European Public Policy, 40(4), ss. 661-679
  • Schimmelfennig, F. & Sedelmeier U., (2005), “Introduction: Conceptualizing the Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe”, Frank, Schimmelfennig ve Ulrich, Sedelmeier, (der.) The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe içinde. Ithaca ve London: Cornell University Press, ss. 1-28
  • Sedelmeier, U., (2010), “Enlargement: From Rules for Accession to a Policy Towards Europe”, Helen, Wallace, Mark A. Pollack ve Alasdair R. Young (der.) Policy-Making in the European Union içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ss. 401-429
  • Sedelmeier, U., (2011), “Europeanization in New Member and Candidate States”, Living Reviews in European Governance, 6(1), [Online] http://europeangovernance.livingreviews.org/Articles/lreg-2011-1/ [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • Smith, M., (2000), “Conforming to Europe: the Domestic Impact of EU Foreign Policy Cooperation”, Journal of European Public Policy, 7(4), ss. 613-631
  • Terzi, Ö., (2005), “Europeanization of Foreign Policy and Candidate Countries: A Comparative Study of Greek and Turkish Cases”, Politique européenne, 17(3), ss. 113136
  • Terzi, Ö., (2010), The Influence of the European Union on Turkish Foreign Policy, Aldershot: Ashgate
  • Toluner, S., (2000), “Some Reflections on the Interrelation of the Aegean Sea Disputes”, Bayram Öztürk (der.) The Aegean Sea 2000: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Aegean Sea içinde. İstanbul: Turkish Marine Research Foundation, ss. 121-138
  • Tsakonas, P. J., (2001), “Post-Cold War Security Dilemmas: Greece in Search of the Right Balancing Recipe”, Christodoulos K. Yiallourides ve Panayotis J. Tsakonas (der.) Greece and Turkey After the End of the Cold War içinde. New York ve Athens: Aristide D. Caratzas, ss. 145-166
  • Tsarouhas, D., (2009), “The Political Economy of Greek-Turkish Relations”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 9(1-2), ss. 39-57
  • Türkiye Dışişleri Bakanlığı, (2005), Declaration by Turkey on Cyprus, 29 July 2005 [Online] http://www.mfa.gov.tr/declaration-by-turkey-on-cyprus_-29-july-2005.en.mfa [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • Wong, R., (2005), “The Europeanization of Foreign Policy”, Christopher Hill ve Michael Smith (der.) International Relations and the European Union içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ss. 134-153
  • Yunanistan Dışişleri Bakanlığı, (2010), Joint Communiqué between the Government of the Hellenic Republic and the Government of the Republic of Turkey,15 May 2010, [Online] http://www.mfa.gr/en/issues-of-greek-turkish-relations/relevant-documents/jointcommunique-between-the-government-of-the-hellenic-republic-and-the-government-ofthe-republic-of-turkey.html [erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2013]
  • Zucconi, M., (2009), “The Impact of the EU Connection on Turkey’s Domestic and Foreign Policy”, Turkish Studies, 10(1), ss. 25-36
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ufuk Alkan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Alkan, U. (2013). TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI. Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21(2), 119-142. https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.104
AMA Alkan U. TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI. MJES. Aralık 2013;21(2):119-142. doi:10.29228/mjes.104
Chicago Alkan, Ufuk. “TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI”. Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 21, sy. 2 (Aralık 2013): 119-42. https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.104.
EndNote Alkan U (01 Aralık 2013) TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI. Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 21 2 119–142.
IEEE U. Alkan, “TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI”, MJES, c. 21, sy. 2, ss. 119–142, 2013, doi: 10.29228/mjes.104.
ISNAD Alkan, Ufuk. “TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI”. Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 21/2 (Aralık 2013), 119-142. https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.104.
JAMA Alkan U. TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI. MJES. 2013;21:119–142.
MLA Alkan, Ufuk. “TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI”. Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 2, 2013, ss. 119-42, doi:10.29228/mjes.104.
Vancouver Alkan U. TÜRKİYE’DE DIŞ POLİTİKANIN AVRUPALILAŞMA’SI. MJES. 2013;21(2):119-42.
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