TURKEY, EUROPEANIZATION, AND DOMESTIC CHANGE

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 63 - 84, 29.12.2014

Gözde Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.85

Öz

The Europeanization process of Turkey was accelerated with the launch of European Union candidate country status in 1999, though it has had fluctuations across time. While Ankara started to launch reforms in a more passive way in the following years of 1999, Europeanizing reforms accelerated by the 2002 elections and slow downed by 2005. However, reforms continued in many areas in the aftermath of 2005. Considering the weakened credibility of EU conditionality and increasing domestic adoption costs, the External Incentives Model, which has been dominated the external Europeanization literature, especially in the case of Central and East European countries, does not account for the continuing reforms in Turkey by 2005. This article starts with the afore-mentioned research problem and explores the fluctuations in Turkey’s Europeanization through employing the External Incentives Model and its primary conditions: EU conditionality and veto points that are incurred by domestic adoption costs. The article goes beyond conditions provided by the External Incentives Model, EU conditionality and domestic adoption costs, and brings domestic factors as driving forces of Europeanization

Anahtar Kelimeler

Europeanization, EU Conditionality, Turkey, Domestic Actors

TÜRKİYE, AVRUPALILAŞMA VE YEREL DEĞİŞİM

Öz

1999 yılında Avrupa Birliği’ne aday ülke statüsü kazanan Türkiye’nin Avrupalılaşma süreci hızlanmış fakat zaman içerisinde dalgalı bir seyir izlemiştir. 1999’dan sonraki üç yıl içerisinde pasif bir şekilde reformlara başlayan Ankara, 2002 seçimleri sonrasında Avrupalılaşma reformlarını hızlandırmıştır. 2005 yılı itibarı ile reformlar hız kesmiş ama yine de yamalı bir şekilde olsa da devam etmiştir. Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinin Avrupalılaşma sürecini analiz eden çalışmaların başarısını ortaya koydukları Dış Teşvik Modeli artan uygulama maliyetleri ve kredibilitesi düşen Avrupa Birliği koşulluluk ilkesi çerçevesinde 2005 sonrası Türkiye’de devam eden reformları açıklamada yetersiz kalmıştır. Bu araştırma probleminden yola çıkan makale Türkiye’nin deneyimlediği bu dalgalı süreci Dış Teşvik Modeli’nin bel kemiğini oluşturan Avrupa Birliği koşulluluk ilkesi ve ulusal uygulama maliyetlerine maruz kalan veto odakları çerçevesinde incelemekte ve yetersiz kaldığı noktada reformların itici gücü olabilecek etkenleri incelemektedir. Makale Avrupa Birliği koşulluluk ilkesinin reformları itici etkisinin aday ülkelerin Avrupalılaşma sürecindeki tek etken olamayacağı, özellikle iç etkenlerin Avrupalılaşmaya olumlu etki yapabileceğidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupalılaşma, AB Koşulluluk İlkesi, Türkiye, Ulusal

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