Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Advanced Oxidation Processes

Öz

Organic and inorganic pollutants found in municipal landfill leachate lead to severe problems for the environment when directly discharged to water bodies without treatment. Due to the existence of recalcitrant organics in leachate, advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are mostly applied to biologically treated leachate as a polishing step. In this study, the effectiveness of Fenton process on leachate treatment was examined. The Fenton process was applied to both young (untreated) and biologically treated leachate provided from Şile Kömürcüoda Landfill in Istanbul. It was treated by using up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and membrane bio-reactor (MBR) processes respectively prior to AOP application. In addition, the combination of Ultraviolet (UV)/Fenton and Ultrasound (US)/Fenton processes were applied to biologically treated leachate to improve the efficiency of Fenton process. The results suggested that, Fenton process is an efficient oxidation method for the treatment of organic matter and color in leachate. It was able to remove 70 % chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the raw leachate, while for biologically treated leachate the COD removal was over 50 %. On the other hand, color removal was observed to be 90 % and 98% in old and young leachate respectively. It was also seen that the additional treatment techniques used in the study did not improve the treatment efficiency of Fenton process.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leachate, AOPs, Fenton, UV, US.

Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Advanced Oxidation Processes

Öz

Katı atık depolama sahası sızıntı suyunda bulunan organik ve inorganik kirleticiler arıtılmadan direk olarak su kaynaklarına deşarj edildiğinde ciddi çevresel sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Biyolojik arıtmadan geçmiş sızıntı suyunda bulunan inatçı organikler için ileri oksidasyon yöntemleri çoğunlukla cilalama evresi olarak uygulanır. Bu çalışmada, Fenton prosesinin katı atık depolama sahası sızıntı suyu üzerindeki etkinliği incelenmiştir. Fenton prosesi İstanbul’daki Şile Kömürcüoda katı atık depolama sahasından temin edilen genç (arıtılmamış) ve biyolojik olarak arıtılmış sızıntı suyuna uygulanmıştır. Sızıntı suyu, ileri oksidasyon uygulaması öncesinde sırasıyla anaerobik yukarı akışlı çamur yatağı ve membran biyo-reaktör prosesleri ile arıtılmıştır. Buna ek olarak biyolojik olarak arıtılmış sızıntı suyuna verimi artırabilmek amacı ile ultraviyole/Fenton ve ultrasound/Fenton kombinasyonları da uygulanmıştır. Çalışmalar sonucunda Fenton prosesinin sızıntı suyunda renk ve organik madde arıtımında etkin bir yöntem olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Ham sızıntı suyunda %70 KOİ giderimi elde edilirken biyolojik olarak arıtılmış sızıntı suyunda bu değer %50’nin üzerindedir. Diğer taraftan renk giderimi ham ve biyolojik olarak arıtılmış sızıntı suyunda sırasıyla %90 ve %98 olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Fenton’a ek olarak uygulanan ultraviyole ışın ve ultrasound yöntemlerinin arıtma veriminde artış yaratmadığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sızıntı suyu, İleri oksidasyon, Fenton, UV, US

Kaynakça

1. Liang Z., Liu H.X. (2007). Control factors of partial nitritation for landfill leachate treatment. J. Environ. Sci., 19(5), 523–529.
2. Zhang H.G., Zhou S.Q. (2006). Treating leachate mixture with anaerobic ammonium oxidation technology. J. Cent South Univ. Technol., 13(6), 663–667.
3. AWWA Research Foundation. (2004). Removal of MTBE with Advanced Oxidation Processes. IWA Publishing
4. Secula M.S., Suditu G.D., Poulios I., Cojocaru C., Cretescu I. (2008). Response surface optimization of the photocatalytic decolorization of a simulated dyestuff effluent. Chem. Eng. J. 141, 18–26.
5. Umar M., Abdul Aziz H and, Yusoff M. S. (1999).Trends in the use of Fenton, electroFenton and photo-Fenton for the treatment of landfill leachate. Waste Management, 30 (11), 2113–2121.
6. Deng Y., Englehardt J. D. (2006). Treatment of landfill leachate by the Fenton process. Water Res., 40, 3683– 3694.
7. Vogelpohl, A. and Kim, S. M. (2004). Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) Wastewater Treatment. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 33-40.
8. Wu C.H. (2008). Decolorization of C.I. Reactive Red 2 in O3, Fenton-like and O3/Fentonlike hybrid systems. Dyes and Pigments, 77, 24-30.

9. Pignatello, J., Oliveros, E., MacKay, A. (2006). Advanced oxidation processes for organic contaminant destruction based on the Fenton reaction and related chemistry. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Tech., 36, 1–84.
10. Yusuf G. (2001). Sonochemistry: environmental science and engineering applications. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 40, 4681–4715.
11. Wang S., Wu X., Wang Y., Li Q. and Tao M. (2008).Removal of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by ultrasound. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 15, 933– 9
12. Gómez M., Plaza F., Garralón G., Pérez J. and Gómez M.A. (2007).A comparative study of tertiary wastewater treatment by physico-chemical-UV process and macrofiltration– ultrafiltration Technologies.Desalination,202 (1-3) , 369–376
13. American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) & Water Environment Federation (WEF): Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition 1999.
14. Kang, Y. W., Cho, M. J. and Hwang, K. Y., (1999).Correction of hydrogen peroxide interference on standard chemical oxygen demand test. Water Res., 33 (5), 1247-1251
15. Rivas, F., Beltran, F., Gimeno, O., Acedo, B., and Carvalho, F. (2003). Stabilized leachates: Ozone-activated carbon treatment and kinetics. Water Res., 37 (20), 4823–4834.
16. Zhang H., Choi H. J. and Huang C. (2005).Optimization of Fenton process for the treatment of landfill leachate. Journal of Hazardous Materials.,125 (1–3), 166–174.
17. Lau, I., Wang, P., and Fang, H. (2001).Organic Removal of Anaerobically Treated Leachate by Fenton Coagulation. Journal of Environmental. Engineering, 127(7), 666–669.
18. Kim, S.M., and Vogelpohl, A., 1998. Degradation of organic pollutants by the photoFentonprocess.Chem. Eng. Technol., 21, 187–191.
19. Rivas F., Beltrán F. J., Gimeno O. and Frades J. (2001).Treatment of olive oil mill wastewater by Fenton's reagent.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 49(4), 1873-80.
20. Kim, S.M., Geissen, S.U. and Vogelpohl, A. (1997). Landfill leachate treatment by a photoassisted Fenton reaction. Water Sci. Technol., 35 (4), 239–248.
21. Cortez S., Teixeira P., Oliveira R. and Mota M. (2010). Evaluation of Fenton and ozonebased advanced oxidation processes as mature landfill leachate pre-treatments. Journal of Environmental Management, 92 (2011). 749-755.
22. Roddy R. M. and Choi H. J. (1999). Research project using the Fenton process to treat landfill leachate: problems encountered during scale up from laboratory to pilot plant. Proceedings of the International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management, 654–657.
23. Xu X. R., Li H. B., Wang W. H. and Gu J. D. (2004). Degradation of dyes in aqueous solutions by the Fenton process. Chemosphere, 57(7), 595–600.
24. Méndez-Arriaga F., Torres-Palma R.A., Pétrier C., Esplugas S., Gimenez J. and Pulgarin C. (2009). Mineralization enhancement of a recalcitrant pharmaceutical pollutant in water by advanced oxidation hybrid processes. Water Research, 43, 3984-3991.
25. Shu H. Y., Fan H. J., Chang M. C. and Hsieh W. P. (2006).Treatment of MSW landfill leachate by a thin gap annular UV/H 2 O 2 photoreactor with multi-UV lamps. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 129(1-3), 73-79.
26. Primo, O., Rivero M. J. and Ortiz I., (2008). Photo-Fenton process as an efficient alternative to the treatment of landfill leachates. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153 (1-2), 834-8
27. Hermosilla D. Cortijo M. and Huang C. P. (2009). Optimizing the treatment of landfill leachate by conventional Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. Science of The Total Environment, 407(11), 3473–3481.