Fermentative Organic Acid Production and Separation

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 70 - 82, 04.12.2011

Adile Evren Tugtas

Öz

Anaerobic digestion processes offer several benefits over aerobic ones such as higher organic loading rates and energy production in the form of methane. Recently, production of valuable fermentation intermediates instead of methane has gained a significant interest due to low calorific value and storage difficulties of methane. Organic acids, which are produced via anaerobic fermentation, can be subsequently removed/recovered via separation processes such as solvent extraction, chemical precipitation, adsorption, and electrodialysis. Chemical precipitation is not feasible for the short-chain fatty acids due to their high solubility at varying pH values. Solvent extraction is feasible for organic acid removal, however yields highly polluted waste. Adsorption processes are expensive, non-specific and not as efficient as other separation techniques. Membrane processes such as electrodialysis seem to be the most promising separation technique for the organic acid removal, however, more research needs to be conducted on the optimization of electrodialytic processes to reduce problems such as polarization, membrane fouling, and back diffusion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adsorption, fermentation, electrodialysis, extraction, chemical precipitation, VFAs separation

Fermentatif Organik Asit Üretimi ve Ayrılması

Öz

Anaerobik çürütme işleminin, aerobik işlemlere göre, metan formunda enerji üretimi ve yüksek organik yük uygulanabilirliği gibi çeşitli avantajları vardır. Düşük kalorifik değeri ve depolama zorlukları gibi sebeplerden dolayı  metan üretimi yerine değerli fermentasyon ara ürünlerinin üretimi son zamanlarda yoğun ilgi görmeye başlamıştır. Anaerobik fermentasyon ile üretilen organik asitler; solvent ekstraksiyonu, kimyasal çöktürme, adsorpsiyon ve elektrodiyaliz gibi ayırma yöntemleri kullanılarak ayrılabilir ve geri kazanılabilir.  Kısa-zincirli uçucu yağ asitleri, değişik pH değerlerinde yüksek çözünürlük gösterdiklerinden, kimyasal çöktürme ile ayrılmaları  uygun değildir. Solvent ekstraksiyonu organik asitlerin ayırılması için uygundur, fakat işlem sonucu yüksek kirlilikte atık oluşmaktadır. Adsorpsiyon prosesleri, diğer ayırma yöntemlerine göre daha pahalı, verimsiz ve daha az seçicidir.  Membran prosesi olan elekrodiyaliz, organik asit ayırmak için en ümit verici yöntem olarak gözükmektedir. Fakat, elektrodiyaliz işlemlerinde karşılaşılan kutuplanma, membran kirlenmesi ve geri yayınım gibi problemlerin azaltılması  ve prosesin iyileştirilmesi için daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adsorpsiyon, fermentasyon, elektrodiyaliz, ekstraksiyon, kimyasal çöktürme, uçucu yağ asidi ayırma

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