Hellen Dünyasında Ok, Yay ve Okçuluk

Öz

Okçuluk, Üst Paleolitik Dönem’de ortaya çıkan bir av ve savaş yöntemidir. Günümüzde de bir spor dalı olarak varlığını sürdüren ve modern Olimpiyat Oyunları’nda yer alan okçuluk Antik Olimpiyatlarda yer almadığı gibi mitolojide de birkaç örnek dışında okçuluk yarışmalarına rastlanmaz. Hellenlerin okçuluğa yaklaşımı oldukça karmaşıktır. Bir yandan Artemis ve Apollon gibi iki önemli tanrıya okçulukla ilgili üstün yetenekler atfedilirken diğer yandan okçuluğa olumlu bakılmaz. Beceri gerektiren ok ve yay kullanımı savaş alanında büyük üstünlük sağlar; ancak çoğu zaman anlaşmazlık içerisinde oldukları Persler okçuluk konusunda kendilerinden daha ustadırlar ki bu karmaşık yaklaşımın önemli bir sebebi olabilir. Zehirli anlamında kullanılan “toksik” sözcüğünün kökeni Eski Hellencedeki “τοξικός”, yani “ok zehri” ve “yay/yayla ilgili - ok/okla ilgili” anlamına gelen sıfata dayanmaktadır. Görüldüğü üzere ok-yay ve zehir kelimeleri iç içe geçmiştir. Bu bildiride tarihi kaynaklar kullanılarak Hellenlerin okçuluğa bakışı irdelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Okçuluk, Antik Hellen, Yarışma, Hellen Mitolojisi, Zehir

Arrow, Bow and Archery in Hellenic World

Öz

Archery is a hunting and battle practice known since Upper Paleolithic. Although contemporarily archery is a sport practice and has a category in Modern Olympics, it was not included in Ancient Olympics and any other prestigious competitions besides a funerary game. Ancient Greeks had a complex point of view on archery. In one hand, two important deities; Apollo and Artemis are gifted with archery skills and on the other hand archery was condescended in battlefield. Archenemies of the Greeks, the Persians were much more skilled than the Greek archers in the battlefield, which could be the reason of the hypocrisy on archery. Etymologically the word “toxic” which means “poisonous” is derived from the Ancient Greek word “τοξικός” which means “bow/ bow related - arrow/ arrow related”. In this paper, Greek point of view to archery will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Archery, Ancient Greece, Contest, Greek Mythology, Poison

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