Elaiussa Sebaste Üretimi "Geç Roma 1" Amforalarının Geleneksel Tipoloji ve Geometrik Morfometrik Analizlerle Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 16 - 44, 27.11.2018

Ahmet İhsan Aytek Hatice Asena Kızılarslanoğlu

Öz

1995 yılında
kazısına başlanan Mersin/Elaiussa Sebaste Antik kenti, Anadolu’yu Suriye’ye
bağlayan önemli sahil yolu üzerindeki konumu ve zengin doğal, tarımsal
kaynakları ile MÖ 2. yüzyıldan MS 7. yüzyıla kadar Doğu Akdeniz’deki yoğun
ticaretin aktif bir parçası olmuştur. MS 4. yüzyılın sonlarından başlayarak bir
dizi ticaret yolu önem kazanarak gelişmiş, Elaiussa Sebaste de bu ekonomik
süreçte aydınlanma dönemi yaşamıştır. Kent merkezi ve çevresinde amfora yapımı
için 6 adet fırın inşa edilmiş, “Geç Roma Amfora 1 (LRA1)” olarak bilinen, Geç
Antik Dönem’den başlayarak kentin çöküşüne dek Elaiussa endüstrisinin tipik
ürünü haline gelen amforalar üretilmiştir. MS 5. yüzyıl başlarında standart
hale getirilip üretilerek ihraç edilen bu amforalar, Erken Bizans Dönemi’nde
neredeyse Akdeniz kıyısındaki tüm pazarlara, hatta Britanya Adaları ve
Hindistan gibi çok daha uzak pazarlara ulaşmıştır. Kentte kazı çalışması
yapılan alanlarda, antik dönemde üretim yapan 6 adet fırın ve bol miktarda amfora
tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında, bulunan işlikler ile limanda yer alan
imalathane olduğu düşünülen mekânlar ise Elaiussa Sebaste’nin antik dönem
ticareti içindeki önemini belgelemektedir. Günümüze kadar bölge ile ilgili
yapılan çalışmalarda daha çok ince-kaba seramik ve amforaların listelenmesi
üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. Daha ayrıntılı bir tipololojik çalışma zorunluluğu
özellikle bölgeler arasındaki amforaların karşılaştırılmasında gerekli
görülmektedir. Şekil analizine dayanan ve karşılaştırma için kullanılan görece
yeni bir yöntem ise Geometrik Morfometri yöntemidir. Her iki yöntemin de
kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, seramik buluntularından elde edilen geometrik
morfometrik veriler ve tipolojik veriler analiz edilerek seramik
sınıflandırılmasına yeni bir yaklaşım getirilmiştir. Böylece, Elaiussa Sebaste
antik kentinin Geç Antik Çağda üretimini yaptığı amfora gruplarının tipolojik
ve geometrik morfometrik verilerinin elde edilmesi ve karşılaştırılmaları ile
ilk adım atılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elaiussa Sebaste, Üretim, Amfora, Tipoloji, Geometrik Morfometri

Kaynakça

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