The Subsistence Economy in Inland Northwestern Anatolia During the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 7, 243 - 300, 01.05.2012

Can Yümni Gündem

Öz

Kalkolitik Çağ’dan İlk Tunç Çağı’nın sonuna kadar koyunlar, İç Kuzeybatı Anadolu en çok beslenen evcil hayvanlardır. Koyun eti, Kalkolitik Çağ’da en çok tüketilen etken, İlkTunç Çağı'nda en çok tüketilen sığır eti olmuştur. Küllüoba’da bulunun sığır kalıntıları, sığırların yalnızca etleri için değil aynı zamanda iş hayvanları olarak da beslenildiğini göstermiştir. Yerleşimlerde zaman içinde koyunların boyutları büyümüş ama sığırların boyutları küçülmüştür. Av hayvanlarının farklılığının nedeni yerleşim yerlerinin bulundukları farklı coğrafi ortamlardır. Erken dönemlerde avcılık yaşamda önemli bir yer tutarken, bu zaman içinde değişmiş ve ileri dönemlerde eski değerini kaybetmiştir. Avlanan hayvanların çoğunluğunu yabani at, geyik ve yabani koyun oluşturur. Bu tür yabani hayvanların bulunması, bölgenin çok yüksek olmayan otlarla kaplı açık arazi ve ormanlık alanlardan oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Yazar’ın Troya’da yaptığı önceki çalışmaların, İlk Tunç Cağı’nda koyun boyutlarındaki değişimin kıl ve yün koyunu arasındaki farkı ortaya koymadığını, ama aslında diğer arkeolojik buluntuların önemli olduğunu göstermiştir Önceden bilindiği gibi yün koyunu Orta Tunç Çağı’ndan önce İlk Tunç Cağı’nda İç Kuzeybatı Anadolu’da beslenmiş olabilir.

The Subsistence Economy in Inland Northwestern Anatolia During the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age

Öz

Sheep were the most kept animals in Inland Northwestern Anatolia during the Chalcolithic Period and the Early Bronze Age. The most consumed meat was Mutton in the Chalcolithic Period and beef in the Early Bronze Age. The aging from cattle remains from Küllüoba shows that they were not only kept for meat but for their power. The size of the sheep became larger, but the size of the cattle became smaller over time in the settlements. The locations of the settlements were the main reason in the difference of the games. Hunting was clearly much more important in the earlier periods; however it changes in the later periods in Inland Northwestern Anatolia. Most of the hunted animals were wild horse, fallow deer and wild sheep. These animals indicate an open land with not very high grass and woods as well as forests. An earlier study by the Author on Troy shows that shows that size increase in sheep is not necessary to differentiate hair and wool sheep in the Early Bronze Age, but instead, other archaeological evidences provide indication of wool production and use. As it was previously known, wool sheep might have been already introduced to Inland Northwestern Anatolia in the Early Bronze Age and not in the Middle Bronze Age.

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