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Yukarı Dicle Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Fırlatma Uçlarının Deneysel Çalışması

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 10, 1 - 45, 01.04.2014

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Yukarı Dicle Havzası Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem yerleşmelerinde ok ucu olarak kullanıldığı öngörülen ve kullanım alanları bilinmeyen alet tiplerinin taklitleri yapılarak, deneysel atışları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen atışlarla uç tiplerinin delme performansına göre ok ucu olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı gözlenmiştir. Bu yazıda, bölgedeki Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem fırlatma uçları üzerine yapılan deneysel çalışmalar ve tarihöncesi insan topluluklarının yay ve okun kullanımına yönelik bilgiler yer almaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adams 1940: Adams, R. McCormick, “Diagnostic Flint Points”, American Antiquity, 6, 1940, 72-75.
  • Akerman 1978: Akerman, Kim, “Notes on the kimberley stone tipped spear, focusing on the point hafting Mechanism”, Mankind 11, 1978, 487-489.
  • Akerman 2007: Akerman, Kim, “To make a point: etnographic reality and etnographic and experimental replication of Australian macroblades known as leilira”, Australian Archaeology 64, 2007, 23-24.
  • Altınbilek Algül 2013: Altınbilek-Algül, Çiler, “The lithic assemblages of Gusir Höyük (Turkey): the preliminary results”, F. Borrell, J. J. Ibáñez ve M. Molist (eds.), Stone Tools in Transition: From Hunter-Gatherers to Farming Societies in the Near East, Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei de Publicacions, 2013, 289-297.
  • Altınbilek Algül 2015:Altınbilek-Algül, Çiler, “Güneydoğu Anadolu Yontmataş Buluntularında Terminoloji Sorunu”, Anadolu Prehistorya Araştırmaları Dergisi (APAD), 2015, 73-87.
  • Bailey 1913: Bailey, E.L., “Flint Arrow Points”, The Flint knapper’s Exhange, 3, 1913, 4-6.
  • Christenson 1986a: Christenson, Andrew L., “Projectile Point Size and Projectile Aerodynamics: An Exploratory Study”, Plains Anthropologist 31, 1986,109-128.
  • Christenson 1986b: Christenson, Andrew L., “Reconstructing Prehistoric Projectiles from Their Stone Points”, Journal of the Society of Archer-Antiquaries 29, 1986, 21-27.
  • Clark 1969: Clark, D.J., The Mesolithic Settlement of Southern Europe, Greenwood Press, New York, 1969.
  • Clark 1974: Clark, D.J., Philips, J.L., Staley, P.S., “Interpretations of prehistoric technology from Ancient Egypt and other sources, Part 1: Ancient Egyptian bows and arrows and their relevance for African prehistory”, Paleorient, 2, 1974 323- 388.
  • Clark 1977: Clark, D.J., “Interpretations of prehistoric technology from Ancient Egypt and other sources, Part 2: prehistoric arrow forms in Africa as Shown by surviving examples in traditional arrows of San Bushment”, Paleorient, 3, 1977, 127 -150.
  • Cumstock 2000: Cumstock, Paul, “Ancient European Bows”, The Traditional Bowsyer’s Bible: Volume II, The Lyons Press, 2000, 81-112.
  • Fowler 2001: Fowler, B., Iceman : Uncovering the Life and times of a Prehistoric Man found in Alpine Glacier, Chicago III. University of Chicago, 2001, 105-106.
  • Garlake 1987: Garlake, P.S., “Themes of the prehistoric art of Zimbabwe”, World Archaeology 19, 1987, 178-193.
  • Gostner vd. 2011: Gostner, P., G. Bonatti, A. Graefen, A. R. Zink, “New radiological insights into the life and death of the Tyrolean Iceman”, Journal of Archaeological Science 38, 2011, 3424-343.
  • Gvosdover 1952: Gvosdover, M.D., “A composite point from the Paleolithic site of Talitskij” Scientific Notes of Moscow State University 158, 1952, 207- 210.
  • Harris 2000: Harris, All, “Eastern Woodland Bows”, The Traditional Bowsyer’s Bible: Volume II, The Lyons, 2000, 77.
  • Junkmaans 2007: Junkmaans, J., “Prehistoric Arrows”, Bow Builder’s Book, A Schiffer Book, 2007, 57-74.
  • Kaminga vd. 1979: Kaminga, J., Kleindienst, M., Knudson, R., Lawrence, R., “The HoHo classification and nomenclature committee report”, Lithic UseWear Analysis, 1979, 133-135.
  • Kartal 2011: Kartal, Metin, “Körtik Tepe Yontmataş Endüstrisi”, 29. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı Cilt: I, 2011, 475-490.
  • Kozlowski 1994: Kozlowski, S. K.. “Chipped Neolithic Industries at the Eastern Wing of the Fertile Crescent” Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent Berlin: exoriente, 1994, 143-172.
  • Kozlowski 1996: Kozlowski, S. K., “The Trialetian “Mesolithic” Industry of the Caucasus, Transcaspia, Eastern Anatolia, and the Iranian Plateau”, Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, and Their Contemporaries in Adjacent Region, Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence and Environment 3, Berlin, 1996, 161-170.
  • Kozlowski 1999: Kozlowski, S. K. “The Eastern Wing of the Fertile Crescent. Late Prehistory of Greater Mesopotamian Lithic Industries”, BAR International Series 760, 1999.
  • Kozlowski 2005: Kozlowski, S., O. Aurenche, “Territories, Boundries and Cultures in the Neolithic Near East”, Bar International Series 1362, 2005.
  • Kozlowski-Szymezak 1990: Kozlowski, S. K., Szymezak K., “Nemrik 9. Pre-Pottery Neolithic Site in Iraq”, (General Reports/Seasons 1985-1986), Wydawnictwa Universityetu Warsawskiego, Warszawa, 1990, 59- 103.
  • Lombard 2005: Lombard, M., “A Method For Identifying Stone Age Hunting Tools”, South African Archeological Bulletin 60, 2005, 115-120.
  • Lombard 2008: Lombard, M., “In Situ Presumptive Test for Blood Residues Applied to 62.000-Year-Old Stone Tools”, South African Archaeological Bulletin 69, 2014, 80–86.
  • Lombard-Pargeter 2008:Lombard, M., Pargeter, J., “Hunting with Howiesons Poort segments: Pilot experimental study and the functional interpretation of archaeological tools”, Journal of Archaeological Science 35, 2008, 2523–2531.
  • Mahudel 1740: Mahudel, N., “Sur les pretendues pierres de foudre”, Hist. Acad. R. In script. et Belles-Lettres, Paris, tome XII, 1740, 163-168.
  • Miyake vd. 2012: Miyake, Y., Maeda, O., Tanno, K., Hongo, H., Gündem, C. Y., “New Excavations at Hasankeyf Höyük: A 10th Millenium cal. BC. Site on the Upper Tigris, Southeast Anatolia”. Neo-Lithics, 1/12, 2012, 3-7.
  • Odell-Cowan 1986: Odell, G.H., Cowan, F., “Experiments with spears and arrows on animal targets”, Journal of Field Archaeology 13, 1986, 195–212.
  • Özveri 2006: Özveri, M., Okçuluk Hakkında Merak Ettiğiniz Her Şey, İstanbul, 2006, 113-116
  • Peasnall-Rosenberg 2001:Peasnall, B, Rosenberg, M., “A Preliminary Description of the Lithic lndustry from Demirkoy Hoyük”, Beyond Tools: Redening the PPN Lithic Assemblages of the Levant, Berlin: Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence and Environment 9 ex oriente, 2001, 363-387.
  • Rausing 1967: Rausing, Gad., “The Bow: Some Notes on Its Origin and Development”, Acta Archaeologica Lundensia Series, 8, 1967.
  • Rosenberg 1994: Rosenberg, M., “A Preliminary Description of the Lithic Industry from Hallan Çemi”, Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, Berlin: ex oriente, 1994, 223-238.
  • Rosenberg 2007: Rosenberg, M., “Hallan Çemi”, BAŞGELEN, N.(ed.) Türkiye’de Neolitik Dönem, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007, 1-11.
  • Rosenberg-Peasnall 1998:Rosenberg, M., Peasnall B., “A Report on Soundings at Demirköy Höyük: an Aceramic Neolithic Site in Eastern Anatolia”. Anatolica, XXIV, 1998, 195-207.
  • Thomas 1981: Thomas, D. Hurst, “How to Classify the Projectile Points from Monitor Valley, Nevada” Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, III,1981, 7-43.

An Experimental Study on Pre-Pottery Projectile Points in Upper Tigris Basin

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 10, 1 - 45, 01.04.2014

Öz

In this study, projectile points of Pre-Pottery Upper Tigris Basin region, which are unknown regarding their use-purposes with functional meanings, were reproduced and shoots were made by the experimental method. After the experimental shooting, replica projectile points were compared as for their pierced damaging. In this article, projectile points of Pre-Pottery Upper Tigris Basin region were identified with experimental method, and contain information about the usage of bow & arrow by prehistoric human species.

Kaynakça

  • Adams 1940: Adams, R. McCormick, “Diagnostic Flint Points”, American Antiquity, 6, 1940, 72-75.
  • Akerman 1978: Akerman, Kim, “Notes on the kimberley stone tipped spear, focusing on the point hafting Mechanism”, Mankind 11, 1978, 487-489.
  • Akerman 2007: Akerman, Kim, “To make a point: etnographic reality and etnographic and experimental replication of Australian macroblades known as leilira”, Australian Archaeology 64, 2007, 23-24.
  • Altınbilek Algül 2013: Altınbilek-Algül, Çiler, “The lithic assemblages of Gusir Höyük (Turkey): the preliminary results”, F. Borrell, J. J. Ibáñez ve M. Molist (eds.), Stone Tools in Transition: From Hunter-Gatherers to Farming Societies in the Near East, Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei de Publicacions, 2013, 289-297.
  • Altınbilek Algül 2015:Altınbilek-Algül, Çiler, “Güneydoğu Anadolu Yontmataş Buluntularında Terminoloji Sorunu”, Anadolu Prehistorya Araştırmaları Dergisi (APAD), 2015, 73-87.
  • Bailey 1913: Bailey, E.L., “Flint Arrow Points”, The Flint knapper’s Exhange, 3, 1913, 4-6.
  • Christenson 1986a: Christenson, Andrew L., “Projectile Point Size and Projectile Aerodynamics: An Exploratory Study”, Plains Anthropologist 31, 1986,109-128.
  • Christenson 1986b: Christenson, Andrew L., “Reconstructing Prehistoric Projectiles from Their Stone Points”, Journal of the Society of Archer-Antiquaries 29, 1986, 21-27.
  • Clark 1969: Clark, D.J., The Mesolithic Settlement of Southern Europe, Greenwood Press, New York, 1969.
  • Clark 1974: Clark, D.J., Philips, J.L., Staley, P.S., “Interpretations of prehistoric technology from Ancient Egypt and other sources, Part 1: Ancient Egyptian bows and arrows and their relevance for African prehistory”, Paleorient, 2, 1974 323- 388.
  • Clark 1977: Clark, D.J., “Interpretations of prehistoric technology from Ancient Egypt and other sources, Part 2: prehistoric arrow forms in Africa as Shown by surviving examples in traditional arrows of San Bushment”, Paleorient, 3, 1977, 127 -150.
  • Cumstock 2000: Cumstock, Paul, “Ancient European Bows”, The Traditional Bowsyer’s Bible: Volume II, The Lyons Press, 2000, 81-112.
  • Fowler 2001: Fowler, B., Iceman : Uncovering the Life and times of a Prehistoric Man found in Alpine Glacier, Chicago III. University of Chicago, 2001, 105-106.
  • Garlake 1987: Garlake, P.S., “Themes of the prehistoric art of Zimbabwe”, World Archaeology 19, 1987, 178-193.
  • Gostner vd. 2011: Gostner, P., G. Bonatti, A. Graefen, A. R. Zink, “New radiological insights into the life and death of the Tyrolean Iceman”, Journal of Archaeological Science 38, 2011, 3424-343.
  • Gvosdover 1952: Gvosdover, M.D., “A composite point from the Paleolithic site of Talitskij” Scientific Notes of Moscow State University 158, 1952, 207- 210.
  • Harris 2000: Harris, All, “Eastern Woodland Bows”, The Traditional Bowsyer’s Bible: Volume II, The Lyons, 2000, 77.
  • Junkmaans 2007: Junkmaans, J., “Prehistoric Arrows”, Bow Builder’s Book, A Schiffer Book, 2007, 57-74.
  • Kaminga vd. 1979: Kaminga, J., Kleindienst, M., Knudson, R., Lawrence, R., “The HoHo classification and nomenclature committee report”, Lithic UseWear Analysis, 1979, 133-135.
  • Kartal 2011: Kartal, Metin, “Körtik Tepe Yontmataş Endüstrisi”, 29. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı Cilt: I, 2011, 475-490.
  • Kozlowski 1994: Kozlowski, S. K.. “Chipped Neolithic Industries at the Eastern Wing of the Fertile Crescent” Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent Berlin: exoriente, 1994, 143-172.
  • Kozlowski 1996: Kozlowski, S. K., “The Trialetian “Mesolithic” Industry of the Caucasus, Transcaspia, Eastern Anatolia, and the Iranian Plateau”, Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, and Their Contemporaries in Adjacent Region, Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence and Environment 3, Berlin, 1996, 161-170.
  • Kozlowski 1999: Kozlowski, S. K. “The Eastern Wing of the Fertile Crescent. Late Prehistory of Greater Mesopotamian Lithic Industries”, BAR International Series 760, 1999.
  • Kozlowski 2005: Kozlowski, S., O. Aurenche, “Territories, Boundries and Cultures in the Neolithic Near East”, Bar International Series 1362, 2005.
  • Kozlowski-Szymezak 1990: Kozlowski, S. K., Szymezak K., “Nemrik 9. Pre-Pottery Neolithic Site in Iraq”, (General Reports/Seasons 1985-1986), Wydawnictwa Universityetu Warsawskiego, Warszawa, 1990, 59- 103.
  • Lombard 2005: Lombard, M., “A Method For Identifying Stone Age Hunting Tools”, South African Archeological Bulletin 60, 2005, 115-120.
  • Lombard 2008: Lombard, M., “In Situ Presumptive Test for Blood Residues Applied to 62.000-Year-Old Stone Tools”, South African Archaeological Bulletin 69, 2014, 80–86.
  • Lombard-Pargeter 2008:Lombard, M., Pargeter, J., “Hunting with Howiesons Poort segments: Pilot experimental study and the functional interpretation of archaeological tools”, Journal of Archaeological Science 35, 2008, 2523–2531.
  • Mahudel 1740: Mahudel, N., “Sur les pretendues pierres de foudre”, Hist. Acad. R. In script. et Belles-Lettres, Paris, tome XII, 1740, 163-168.
  • Miyake vd. 2012: Miyake, Y., Maeda, O., Tanno, K., Hongo, H., Gündem, C. Y., “New Excavations at Hasankeyf Höyük: A 10th Millenium cal. BC. Site on the Upper Tigris, Southeast Anatolia”. Neo-Lithics, 1/12, 2012, 3-7.
  • Odell-Cowan 1986: Odell, G.H., Cowan, F., “Experiments with spears and arrows on animal targets”, Journal of Field Archaeology 13, 1986, 195–212.
  • Özveri 2006: Özveri, M., Okçuluk Hakkında Merak Ettiğiniz Her Şey, İstanbul, 2006, 113-116
  • Peasnall-Rosenberg 2001:Peasnall, B, Rosenberg, M., “A Preliminary Description of the Lithic lndustry from Demirkoy Hoyük”, Beyond Tools: Redening the PPN Lithic Assemblages of the Levant, Berlin: Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence and Environment 9 ex oriente, 2001, 363-387.
  • Rausing 1967: Rausing, Gad., “The Bow: Some Notes on Its Origin and Development”, Acta Archaeologica Lundensia Series, 8, 1967.
  • Rosenberg 1994: Rosenberg, M., “A Preliminary Description of the Lithic Industry from Hallan Çemi”, Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent, Berlin: ex oriente, 1994, 223-238.
  • Rosenberg 2007: Rosenberg, M., “Hallan Çemi”, BAŞGELEN, N.(ed.) Türkiye’de Neolitik Dönem, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007, 1-11.
  • Rosenberg-Peasnall 1998:Rosenberg, M., Peasnall B., “A Report on Soundings at Demirköy Höyük: an Aceramic Neolithic Site in Eastern Anatolia”. Anatolica, XXIV, 1998, 195-207.
  • Thomas 1981: Thomas, D. Hurst, “How to Classify the Projectile Points from Monitor Valley, Nevada” Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, III,1981, 7-43.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Okan Doğuhan Aslaner Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 10

Kaynak Göster

APA Aslaner, O. D. (2014). Yukarı Dicle Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Fırlatma Uçlarının Deneysel Çalışması. MASROP E-Dergi, 8(10), 1-45.
AMA Aslaner OD. Yukarı Dicle Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Fırlatma Uçlarının Deneysel Çalışması. MASROP E-Dergi. Nisan 2014;8(10):1-45.
Chicago Aslaner, Okan Doğuhan. “Yukarı Dicle Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Fırlatma Uçlarının Deneysel Çalışması”. MASROP E-Dergi 8, sy. 10 (Nisan 2014): 1-45.
EndNote Aslaner OD (01 Nisan 2014) Yukarı Dicle Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Fırlatma Uçlarının Deneysel Çalışması. MASROP E-Dergi 8 10 1–45.
IEEE O. D. Aslaner, “Yukarı Dicle Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Fırlatma Uçlarının Deneysel Çalışması”, MASROP E-Dergi, c. 8, sy. 10, ss. 1–45, 2014.
ISNAD Aslaner, Okan Doğuhan. “Yukarı Dicle Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Fırlatma Uçlarının Deneysel Çalışması”. MASROP E-Dergi 8/10 (Nisan 2014), 1-45.
JAMA Aslaner OD. Yukarı Dicle Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Fırlatma Uçlarının Deneysel Çalışması. MASROP E-Dergi. 2014;8:1–45.
MLA Aslaner, Okan Doğuhan. “Yukarı Dicle Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Fırlatma Uçlarının Deneysel Çalışması”. MASROP E-Dergi, c. 8, sy. 10, 2014, ss. 1-45.
Vancouver Aslaner OD. Yukarı Dicle Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik Dönem Fırlatma Uçlarının Deneysel Çalışması. MASROP E-Dergi. 2014;8(10):1-45.