Research Article

On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$

Volume: 11 Number: 1 March 28, 2023
EN

On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$

Abstract

In this paper, we aim to investigate the qualitative behavior of a general class of non-linear difference equations. That is, the prime period two solutions, the prime period three solutions and the stability character are examined. We also use a new technique introduced in [1] by E. M. Elsayed and later developed by O. Moaaz in [2] to examine the existence of periodic solutions of these general equations. Moreover, we use homogeneous functions for the investigation of the dynamics of the aforementioned equations.

Keywords

Homogeneous function, difference equation, periodicity, qualitative behavior, stability., Homogeneous function, difference equation, periodicity, qualitative behavior, stability.

References

  1. [1] Elsayed, E. M.: New method to obtain periodic solutions of period two and three of a rational difference equation. Nonlinear Dynamics. 79 (1), 241-250 (2014).
  2. [2] Moaaz, O.: Comment on "new method to obtain periodic solutions of period two and three of a rational difference equation" [Nonlinear Dyn 79:241–250]. Nonlinear Dyn. 88, 1043-1049 (2017).
  3. [3] Elaydi, S.: An introduction to difference equations. 3rd ed. Springer-Verlag. New York (2005).
  4. [4] Kelley, W. G., Peterson, A. C.: Difference equations: An introduction with applications. Academic Press. New York (1991).
  5. [5] Koci´c, V., Ladas, G.: Global behavior of non-linear difference equations of higher-order with applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht (1993).
  6. [6] Levin, S. A., May, R. M.: A note on difference-delay equations. Theoretical Population Biology. 9 (2), 178-187 (1976).
  7. [7] Mickens, R. E.: Difference equations, theory and applications. Van Nostrand Rheinhold. (1990).
  8. [8] Allen, L. J. S.: An introduction to mathematical biology. Pearson/Prentice Hall. New Jersey (2007).
  9. [9] Murray, J. D.: Mathematical biology I: An introduction. 3rd ed. Springer. (2002).
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APA
Gümüş, M., & Eğilmez, Ş. I. (2023). On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$. Mathematical Sciences and Applications E-Notes, 11(1), 56-66. https://doi.org/10.36753/mathenot.1243583
AMA
1.Gümüş M, Eğilmez ŞI. On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$. Math. Sci. Appl. E-Notes. 2023;11(1):56-66. doi:10.36753/mathenot.1243583
Chicago
Gümüş, Mehmet, and Şeyma Irmak Eğilmez. 2023. “On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$”. Mathematical Sciences and Applications E-Notes 11 (1): 56-66. https://doi.org/10.36753/mathenot.1243583.
EndNote
Gümüş M, Eğilmez ŞI (March 1, 2023) On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$. Mathematical Sciences and Applications E-Notes 11 1 56–66.
IEEE
[1]M. Gümüş and Ş. I. Eğilmez, “On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$”, Math. Sci. Appl. E-Notes, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 56–66, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.36753/mathenot.1243583.
ISNAD
Gümüş, Mehmet - Eğilmez, Şeyma Irmak. “On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$”. Mathematical Sciences and Applications E-Notes 11/1 (March 1, 2023): 56-66. https://doi.org/10.36753/mathenot.1243583.
JAMA
1.Gümüş M, Eğilmez ŞI. On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$. Math. Sci. Appl. E-Notes. 2023;11:56–66.
MLA
Gümüş, Mehmet, and Şeyma Irmak Eğilmez. “On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$”. Mathematical Sciences and Applications E-Notes, vol. 11, no. 1, Mar. 2023, pp. 56-66, doi:10.36753/mathenot.1243583.
Vancouver
1.Mehmet Gümüş, Şeyma Irmak Eğilmez. On the Qualitative Behavior of the Difference Equation $\delta _{m+1}=\omega +\zeta \frac{f(\delta _{m},\delta _{m-1})}{\delta _{m-1}^{\beta}}$. Math. Sci. Appl. E-Notes. 2023 Mar. 1;11(1):56-6. doi:10.36753/mathenot.1243583