Ar-Ge'yi Doğru Yorumlamak: Bütüncül Ar-Ge, İnovasyon ve Teknoloji Yönetimi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 82 - 91, 17.10.2020

Zafer Gemıcı Fahrettin Öztürk

Öz

Bu çalışma kapsamında Araştırma ve Geliştirme (Ar-Ge) faaliyetleri, bu faaliyetlerin yürütülmesindeki engeller, çıktıların neden ürüne ve katma değere dönüştürülemediği hakkındaki hususlar değerlendirilmiştir. Ar-Ge faaliyetlerinde hızlı sonuç almak için neler yapılması gerektiği konusunda tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur. Ar-Ge’nin bir yatırım olduğu gerçeği göz önünde bulundurularak kalkınmanın lokomotifi olduğu belirtilmiştir. Tüm Ar-Ge desteklerinin, yalnızca ürünün prototip aşamasına kadar değil, ticari ürün haline getirilene kadar devam ettirilmesinin önemi vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Araştırma ve Geliştirme, Ar-Ge, İnovasyon, Teknoloji, Teknoloji Yönetimi

Kaynakça

• Carayannis, E. G., E. T. Samara, and Y. L. Bakouros. 2015. Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Theory, Policy and Practice. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
• Çetindamar, Dilek, Rob Phaal, and David Probert. 2016. Technology Management. Second. Newyor, NY: Palgrave.
• Chiesa, Vittorio. 2001. R&D Strategy and Organisation - Managing Technical Change in Dynamic Contexts. Book. Vol. 5.
• Cincera, Michele, Claudio Cozza, Alexander Tübke, and Peter Voigt. 2012. ‘Doing R&D or Not (in a Crisis), That Is the Question…’. European Planning Studies 20 (9): 1525–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.709064.
• Cooper, Juett R. 1998. ‘A Multidimensional Approach to the Adoption of Innovation’. Management Decision 36 (8): 493–502. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749810232565.
• Er, Perihan Hazel. 2013, Girişimcilik ve Yenilikçilik Kavramlarının İktisadi Düşüncedeki Yeri, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (29), 75-85.
• Forbes, Naushad, and David Wield. 2004. ‘What Is R&D? Why Does It Matter?’ Science and Public Policy 31 (4): 267–77. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154304781779949.
• Freeman, C., J. Clark, and L. Soete. 1982. Unemployment and Technical Innovation: A Study of Long Waves and Economic Development. Frances Pinter.
• Galunic, C, and Simon Rodan. 1998. ‘Resource Recombinations in the Firm: Knowledge Structures and the Potential for Schumpeterian Innovation’. Strategic Management Journal 19 (12): 1193–1201. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(1998120)19:12%3C1193::aid-smj5%3E3.3.co;2-6.
• Greenhalg, Christine, and Mark Rogers. 2010. Innovation, Intellectual Property, and Economic Growth. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
• Gregory, MJ. 1995. ‘Technology Management - a Process Approach’. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture Vol 209 (14): 347–56.
• Hatch, Mary Jo; Cunliffe, A.L. 2013. Organization Theory. Modern, Symbolic, and Postmodern Perspectives. New York. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
• IRI. 2016. ‘2016 Global R&D Funding Forecast’. Industrial Research Institution, 2016.
• Morvey, Graham K., and Sanjiv S. Dugal. 1992. ‘Corporate R & D Spending During a Recession’. Research Tecnology Management 35 (4): 42–45.
• National Research Council. 1987. Management of Technology: The Hidden Competitive Advantage. Book. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/18890.
• OECD. 2014. Industry and Technology Policies in Korea. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264213227-en.
• Frascati Manual 2015. The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264239012-en.
• Phaal, Robert, Clare J.P. Farrukh, and David R. Probert. 2001. ‘A Framework for Supporting the Management of Technological Innovation’. Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, 1–14. https://doi.org/Doi 10.1504/Ijtm.2004.003878.
• Santos-Rodrigues, Helena, Pedro Figueroa Dorrego, and Carlos Fernandez Jardon. 2010. ‘The Influence Of Human Capital On The Innovatiness Of Firms’. International Business Economics Research Journal 9 (9): 53–63.
• Schumpeter, Joseph Alois. 1934. The Theory of Economic Development, An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle Translated by Redvers Opie.
• Staniewski, Marcin Waldemar. 2011. ‘Management of Human Resources in the Aspect of Innovativeness’. Contemporary Economics 5 (1): 84–91. https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.7.
• Smuts, Jan Christiaan. 1926. Holism and Evoluation. Macmillan and Company.
• Talonen, Tapani, and Kari Hakkarainen. 2008. ‘STRATEGIES FOR DRIVING R & D AND Three Related Strategies Are’. Industrial Research, 54–61.
• TÜBİTAK. 2012. ‘Science, Technology, and Innovation in Turkey 2012’. 2012.
• TurkStat. 2019a. ‘Central Government Budget Appropriations and Outlays on R&D, 2008-2019’. 2019.
• TürkStat. 2019b. ‘Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D by Sector and Source of Funds’. 2019.