Kışlık yağlı tohumlu bitki olan Kanolaya (Brassica napus L.) genel bir bakış

Öz

Kanola bitkisel yağı, biyoyakıt ve hayvan yemi üretimi açısından önemli bir ekonomik değere sahiptir ve dünyada 53 ülkede yetiştirilmektedir. Kanola, düşük oranda doymuş yağ asidi, yüksek oranlarda tekli doymamış yağ asitleri ve iyi oranda omega-3 içerir. 2011 yılı hasat sezonu için Avustralya kanolasının ortalama yağ içeriği %44 olmuştur. Ham kanola yağı, kullanılabilir bir gıda ürününe dönüştürmek için istenmeyen minör bileşikleri uzaklaştırmak için rafine edilir. Ancak rafinasyon işlemi yağda arzu edilen, sağlığı geliştiren küçük bileşenlerin kaybına neden olabilmektedir. Kanola yağı ekstraksiyonunun yan ürünü olan küspesi protein açısından zengindir. Kanola, ağırlıklı olarak Avrupa’da kışlık, Asya'da ise yarı kışlık bir ürün olarak yetiştirilmektedir. İlkbahar ekimi Kanada, Avustralya ve kuzey Avrupa koşullarına daha fazla uyum sağlamıştır. Kanola, dünyanın çoğu yerinde bir kuru tarım mahsulüdür ve küresel iklim değişimi nedeniyle tür, önemli abiyotik strese maruz kalmaktadır. Buna rağmen kışlık bir tür olduğundan, yazın yetiştirilen birçok yağlı tohumlu türe kıyasla, iklim değişimi koşullarına daha dayanıklı bir tür olarak gelecekte daha da öne çıkması beklenmektedir. Kanola, ağırlıklı olarak Avrupa’da kışlık ve Asya'da yarı kışlık bir ürün olarak yetiştirilmektedir. İlkbahar ekimi Kanada, Avustralya ve kuzey Avrupa koşullarına daha fazla uyum sağlamıştır. Kanola, dünyanın çoğu yerinde bir kuru tarım mahsulüdür ve küresel iklim değişimi nedeniyle tür, önemli abiyotik strese maruz kalmaktadır. Buna rağmen kışlık bir tür olduğundan, yazın yetiştirilen birçok yağlı tohumlu türe kıyasla, iklim değişimi koşullarına daha dayanıklı bir tür olarak gelecekte daha da öne çıkması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• kolza
• Brassica napus
• Kanola

An overview of Canola (Brassica napus L.), a winter oilseed plant

Öz

Canola has an important economic value in terms of vegetable oil, biofuel and animal feed production and is grown in 53 countries around the world. Canola contains low levels of saturated fatty acids, high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and good levels of omega-3s. The average oil content of Australian canola for the 2011 harvest season was 44% in average. Crude canola oil is refined to remove unwanted minor compounds to convert the oil into an edible food product. But refining can cause the loss of desirable, health-promoting minor components from the oil as a side effect. The by-product of canola oil extraction is a valuable protein-rich meal. Canola is grown mainly as a winter crop in Europe and a semi-winter crop in Asia. Its cultivation in the spring is more adapted to the conditions of Canada, Australia and northern Europe. Canola is a dry-farm crop in most parts of the world, and due to global climate change, the species is subject to significant abiotic stress. However, since it is a winter species, it is expected to become more prominent in the future as a more resistant species to climate change conditions compared to many summer grown oilseed species

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kanola
• kolza
• Brassica napus

Kaynakça

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