Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change

Öz

Despite the increase in consumption to population growth in the world, it is been emerged from concept of sustainability because natural resources are required to limited and must be transferred permanently to future generations. With bringing together different disciplines in the ecological, social and economic aspects of development, the aim to continuously to protecting and improving human well-being has compose the concept of sustainable development. The United Nations have been determined to 17 global goals to ensure sustainable development; climate action has also been one of these goals. Globally has been determined climate action, basically on aimed at combating climate change. Climate change is sourced by greenhouse gas emissions basically on human activities, it has been caused environmental events such as temperature increase, drought and flood. As well as agricultural production is dependent on natural conditions and as well as to accordingly result of climate change is affected by changes in temperature, time and amount of precipitation, amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, solar radiation and soil structure as a result of climate change, conventional (intensive) agricultural practices is brought about climate change. This situation has enabled agricultural activities to be carried out in accordance with Ecosystem Based Practices (ETU) and environmentally friendly agricultural practices such as organic farming and good agricultural practices to become widespread. The main purpose on these agricultural production practices is to carry out sustainable agricultural activities and ensure to food security. Sustainable agriculture is been consist of agricultural structure in which reduces carbon emissions, input use is checked and thus agricultural activities reduce the impact of climate change with natural resources are used in the future. In this review, the importance of sustainable agriculture has been explained with the concepts of climate change and food security, and in the developments and expectations in the world have been tried to revealed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Natural Resource
• Food Security
• Global Warming
• Sustainable Development
• Agricultural Production

Sürdürülebilir Tarım ve İklim Değişikliği

Öz

Dünyadaki nüfus artışıyla tüketimin artmasına rağmen, doğal kaynakların sınırlı olması ve gelecek nesillere kalıcı olarak aktarılabilmesi gerektiği için sürdürülebilirlik kavramını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Kalkınmanın ekolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik yönlerinin farklı disiplinleri bir araya getirerek, insan refahının korunmasını ve geliştirilmesini sürekli hale getirmeyi hedeflemesi de sürdürülebilir kalkınma kavramını oluşturmuştur. Birleşmiş Milletler, sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı sağlamak amacıyla 17 küresel hedef belirlemiş olup iklim eylemi de bu hedeflerden biri olmuştur. Küresel çapta belirlenen iklim eylemi, temel olarak iklim değişikliği ile mücadeleyi amaçlamıştır. İklim değişikliği temel olarak insanoğlu faaliyetleri sonucu oluşan sera gazı emisyonlarından kaynaklı olup sıcaklık artışı, kuraklık, sel gibi çevresel olaylara neden olmaktadır. Tarımsal üretimin, doğa koşullarına bağlı olması ve buna bağlı olarak iklim değişikliği sonucu sıcaklık, yağışın zamanı ve miktarı, havadaki karbondioksit (CO2) miktarı, güneş ışınımındaki ve toprak yapısındaki değişimlerden etkilenmesinin yanı sıra konvansiyonel (yoğun) tarım uygulamaları da iklim değişikliğine neden olmaktadır. Bu durum tarımsal faaliyetlerin Ekosistem Tabanlı Uygulamalarla (ETU) uyumlu yapılmasına ve organik tarım, iyi tarım uygulamaları gibi çevre dostu tarımsal uygulamaların yaygınlaşmasını sağlamıştır. Bu tarımsal üretim uygulamalarında temel amaç sürdürülebilir tarımsal faaliyetlerin yürütülmesi ve gıda güvencesinin sağlanmasıdır. Sürdürülebilir tarım, karbon salınımının azaltıldığı, girdi kullanımının kontrol edildiği ve bu sayede tarımsal faaliyetlerin iklim değişikliğine etkisini azaltıldığı, doğal kaynakların gelecekte de kullanılmasını sağlayan tarımsal yapıyı oluşturmaktadır. Bu derlemede, sürdürülebilir tarımın önemi iklim değişikliği ve gıda güvencesi kavramları ile açıklanmış olup dünyadaki gelişmeler ve beklentiler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğal Kaynaklar
• Gıda Güvencesi
• Küresel Isınma
• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma
• Tarımsal Üretim

Kaynakça

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