Araştırma Makalesi
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The İnvestigation of Metakaolin Effect on Concrete and Mortars Made with Agregates İncluding Reactive Silica

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 47 - 57, 01.08.2018

Öz

In the production of concrete and ferroconcrete elements, the usage of pozzolanic industrial wastes such as fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), blast furnace slag (GBS) and metakaolin (MK) has a successful background. High- reactivity metakaolin(MK) is a manufactured pozzolan produced by thermal processing of purified kaolinitic clay. In this study, in concrete and mortars made with aggregates including alkali-silica, the metakaolin effect, pozzolanic activity experiment, concrete pressure strength were investigated by alkali- silica reaction (ASR) experiments affecting the durability in concrete and mortars. As a result of puzzolanic activity experiment, it is provided pressure strength at the rate of 95% (0.95) for a 28-day value. In the results of Accelerated mortar bar experiment, the formation of alkali silica reaction (ASR) affecting concrete strength was made harmless by the use of metakaolin at certain rates. In the samples with the additive at the rates of 10, 15 and 20%, the formation of alkali- silica reaction (ASR) was seen to fall below the limit of 0,10% that is a standard value. At the end of experiment time, control sample becomes "secure amount" in which minimum additive amount that reduces alkali- silica reaction dilatations below the value of 0.10% can be used. According to pressure strength results, it was detected that the usage of metakaolin (MK) positively affected the mechanical features of the concrete, increased the strength and improved the creep and permeability properties of the concrete. Ideal additive amount must be 10% in terms of the formation of ASR and pressure strength. Being ceased of the puzzolanic additives to be wastes and spreading its usage in terms of contributing to the economy will be suitable. In the concretes prepared with true mixtures, multi-dimensional acquisitions will be achieved in terms of strength and this will prolong the service durability of concrete structures. 

Kaynakça

  • ASTM C-227-97, (1994), Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Mineral Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 4 (2): 126-130.
  • ASTM C1260., (2014), Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Pennsylvania, USA.www.astm.org.
  • ASTM C-618 - 12a., (2012), Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM Internatıonal, West Conshohocken PA. www.astm.org.
  • ASTM C-289-94., (1994), Standard Test Method for Potential Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 4 (2): 157-163.
  • Brooks,J., Johari, M.A.M., (2001), Effect of metakaolin on creep and shrinkage of concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.(23) :495–502.
  • Changling, H., Osbaeck, B., Makovicky, E., (1995),Pozzolanic reaction of six principal clay minerals: Activation reactivity assessments and technological effects, Cement and Concrete Research 25 (8) : 1691–1702.
  • Gruber, K.A., Ramlochan, T., Boddy,A., Hooton,R.D., Thomas,M.D.A., (2001), Increasing concrete durability with high-reactivity metakaolin, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.(23) :479–484.
  • Jones, T.R. , Walters, G.V., and Kostuch, J.A. (1992), 9th International Conference on AAR in Concrete, v.(1) : 485-496.
  • Khatib,J.M., and Clay,R.M., (2004), Absorption characteristics of metakaolin concrete, Cement Concrete Research, Vol. (34) : 19-29.
  • Poon, C.S., Kou, S.C., Lam, L., (2006), Compressive strength, chloride diffusivity and porestructure of high performance metakaolin and silica fume concrete, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.(20) : 858–865.
  • Ramlochan,T.,Thomas,M., Gruber,K.A., (2000), The effect of metakaolin on alkali-silica reaction in concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. (30) : 339–344.Test Report, (1995), Jacques Whitford Materials Ltd., August 29, 1995.
  • Tokyay, M., (2013), Betonda UK, GYFC ve SD’nin rolü, Beton 2013 Hazır Beton Kongresi İstanbul : 201-238.
  • TS EN 196-1, (2002), Methods of Testing Cement-Part 1: Determination of Strength, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara.
  • TS-EN 197-1, (2002), General Cements-Composition and Conformity Criteria, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara.
  • TS 2517, (2517), Chemical Test for Potential Reactivity of Alkali Aggregates, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara.
  • TS EN 12390-3, (2002), Testing Hardened Concrete - Part 3: Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara.Walters, G.V., and Jones, T.R., (1991), 2nd International Conference on Durability of Concrete, Canada, ed. V.M. Malhotra : 941-953.
  • Yıldırım, K., Sumer, M., (2014), Comparative Analysis of Fly Ash Effect with three Different Method in Mortars that are Exposed to Alkali Silica Reaction, Composites: Part B, 2014, (61) : 110–115.
  • Yıldırım, K., Sümer, M., (2010), Physical Incidents and Measures Affecting the Endurance (Durability) of Concrete, 9th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, ACE 2010-ENM-014 : 107-115.

Reaktif Silis İçeren Agregalarla Yapılan Beton ve Harçlarda Metakaolin Etkisinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 47 - 57, 01.08.2018

Öz



Beton ve betonarme elemanların üretiminde uçucu kül (UK), silis dumanı (SD), yüksek fırın cürufu (YFC) ve metakaolin (MK) gibi puzzolanik endüstriyel atıkların kullanımının başarılı bir geçmişi vardır. Yüksek reaktivite metakaolin (MK), saflaştırılmış kaolinitik kilin ısıl işlem ile üretilen bir puzolandır. Bu çalışmada alkali silis içeren agregalarla yapılan beton ve harçlarda, mineral katkı olan metakaolin etkisi; puzolanik aktivite deneyi, beton basınç dayanımı, beton ve harçlarda dayanımı etkileyen alkali silika reaksiyonu deneyleri ile araştırılmıştır.

Puzolanik aktivite deneyi sonucunda 28 günlük değer olarak % 95 (0.95) oranında basınç dayanımı sağlamıştır. Hızlandırılmış harç çubuğu deneyi sonuçlarında metakaolinin belirli oranlarda kullanımıyla beton dayanımını etkileyen alkali silika reaksiyonu (ASR) oluşumu zararsız hale getirilmiştir. Metakaolin katkılı olarak hazırlanan %10,15 ve 20 oranında katkılı numunelerde alkali silika reaksiyonu oluşumu standart değer olan 0,1 sınırının altına indiği görülmüştür. Deney süresi sonunda kontrol numunesi alkali silika reaksiyonu genleşmelerini %0.1 değerinin altına düşüren minimum katkı miktarı kullanılabilecek “emniyetli miktar” olmaktadır.

Basınç dayanımı sonuçlarına göre, metakaolin (MK) kullanımı betonun mekanik özelliklerini olumlu etkilediği, dayanıklılığı arttırdığı, betonda sünme ve geçirimlilik özelliklerini iyileştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. ASR oluşumu ve basınç dayanımı açısından ideal katkı miktarının %10 olması yeterlidir.

Puzzolanik katkıların atık olmaktan çıkması, ekonomiye fayda sağlaması açısından kullanımının yaygınlaşması uygun olacaktır. Doğru karışımlarla hazırlanan betonlarda dayanıklılık yönünden çok yönlü kazanımlar elde edilecek, buda betonarme yapıların servis ömrünü uzatacaktır.



Kaynakça

  • ASTM C-227-97, (1994), Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Mineral Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 4 (2): 126-130.
  • ASTM C1260., (2014), Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing and Materials, Pennsylvania, USA.www.astm.org.
  • ASTM C-618 - 12a., (2012), Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM Internatıonal, West Conshohocken PA. www.astm.org.
  • ASTM C-289-94., (1994), Standard Test Method for Potential Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Concrete and Aggregates, Philadelphia, PA, USA, American Society for Testing and Materials, 4 (2): 157-163.
  • Brooks,J., Johari, M.A.M., (2001), Effect of metakaolin on creep and shrinkage of concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.(23) :495–502.
  • Changling, H., Osbaeck, B., Makovicky, E., (1995),Pozzolanic reaction of six principal clay minerals: Activation reactivity assessments and technological effects, Cement and Concrete Research 25 (8) : 1691–1702.
  • Gruber, K.A., Ramlochan, T., Boddy,A., Hooton,R.D., Thomas,M.D.A., (2001), Increasing concrete durability with high-reactivity metakaolin, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.(23) :479–484.
  • Jones, T.R. , Walters, G.V., and Kostuch, J.A. (1992), 9th International Conference on AAR in Concrete, v.(1) : 485-496.
  • Khatib,J.M., and Clay,R.M., (2004), Absorption characteristics of metakaolin concrete, Cement Concrete Research, Vol. (34) : 19-29.
  • Poon, C.S., Kou, S.C., Lam, L., (2006), Compressive strength, chloride diffusivity and porestructure of high performance metakaolin and silica fume concrete, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.(20) : 858–865.
  • Ramlochan,T.,Thomas,M., Gruber,K.A., (2000), The effect of metakaolin on alkali-silica reaction in concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. (30) : 339–344.Test Report, (1995), Jacques Whitford Materials Ltd., August 29, 1995.
  • Tokyay, M., (2013), Betonda UK, GYFC ve SD’nin rolü, Beton 2013 Hazır Beton Kongresi İstanbul : 201-238.
  • TS EN 196-1, (2002), Methods of Testing Cement-Part 1: Determination of Strength, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara.
  • TS-EN 197-1, (2002), General Cements-Composition and Conformity Criteria, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara.
  • TS 2517, (2517), Chemical Test for Potential Reactivity of Alkali Aggregates, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara.
  • TS EN 12390-3, (2002), Testing Hardened Concrete - Part 3: Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, Turkish Standards Institute, Ankara.Walters, G.V., and Jones, T.R., (1991), 2nd International Conference on Durability of Concrete, Canada, ed. V.M. Malhotra : 941-953.
  • Yıldırım, K., Sumer, M., (2014), Comparative Analysis of Fly Ash Effect with three Different Method in Mortars that are Exposed to Alkali Silica Reaction, Composites: Part B, 2014, (61) : 110–115.
  • Yıldırım, K., Sümer, M., (2010), Physical Incidents and Measures Affecting the Endurance (Durability) of Concrete, 9th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, ACE 2010-ENM-014 : 107-115.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Korkmaz Yıldırım 0000-0002-7470-2297

Mensur Sümer

Yüksel Furkan Yıldırım Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, K., Sümer, M., & Yıldırım, Y. . F. (2018). The İnvestigation of Metakaolin Effect on Concrete and Mortars Made with Agregates İncluding Reactive Silica. Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi (MBD), 7(2), 47-57.